Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Enzymes of the Cerebrovascular Endothelium; Possible Relevance to the Interpretation of Precursor-Loading Experiments

  • Conference paper
Amino Acid Availability and Brain Function in Health and Disease

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIH,volume 20))

  • 161 Accesses

Abstract

This article is focussed on the major component of the “blood-brain barrier” (BBB), the cerebrovascular endothelial cell (CVEC). CVECs serve not only to restrict solute entry into the brain, but more generally as a regulatory system consisting of transport processes, enzymatic mechanisms and a receptive surface to neurotransmitters (NTs) and neurohormones which limits the actions of blood-borne substances on brain function. However, BBB function does not depend solely upon the CVEC, but also upon the activities of glial cells, the basement membrane and pericytes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. PARDRIDGE, W. M. (1983). Brain Metabolism: A perspective from the blood-brain barrier. Physiol. Rev. 63: 1481–1535.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. BERTLER, A., FALCK, B., OWMAN, C., ROSENGREN, E. (1966). The localization of monoaminergic blood-brain barrier mechanisms. Pharmacol. Rev. 18: 369–385.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. HARDEBO, J. E., EMSON, P. C., FALCK, B., OWMAN, C., ROSENGREN, E. (1980). Enzymes related to monoamine transmitter metabolism in brain microvessels. J. Neurochem. 35: 1388–1393.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. HARDEBO, J. E., OWMAN, C. (1980). Barrier mechanisms for neurotransmitter monoamines and their precursors at the blood-brain interface. Ann. Neurol. 8: 1–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. J00, F. (1985). The blood-brain barrier in vitro: Ten years of research on microvessels isolated from the brain. Neurochem. Int. 7: 1–25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. AUDUS, K. L., BORCHARDT, R. T. (1986). Characteristics of the large neutral amino acid transport system of bovine brain microvessel endothelial cell monolayers. J. Neurochem. 47: 484–488.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. PARDRIDGE, W. M., OLENDORF, W. H. (1975). Kinetic analysis of blood-brain barrier transport of amino acids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 401: 128–136.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. PARNAVELAS, J. G., KELLY, W., BURNSTOCK, G. (1985). Ultrastructural localization of choline acetyltransferase in vascular endothelial cells in rat brain. Nature 316: 724–725.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. SANTOS-BENITO, F. F., GONZALEZ, J. L. (1985). Decrease of choline acetyltransferase activity of rat cortex capillaries with aging. J. Neurochem. 45: 633–636.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. GONZALEZ, J. L., SANTOS-BENITO, F. F. (1987). Synthesis of acetylcholine by endothelial cells isolated from rat brain cortex capillaries. Brain Res. 412: 148–150.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. JACKSON, I. V., DAVIS, L. G., COHEN, R. K., NUTTALL, E. A. (1981). Lecithin administration in tardive dyskinesia: Clinical and biomedical correlates. Biol. Psychiat. 16: 85–90.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. ZEISEL, S. H. (1986). Dietary influences on neurotransmission. Adv. Pediatr. 33: 23–48.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. BRECHER, P., TERCYAK, A., GAVRAS, H., CHOBANIAN, A. V. (1978). Peptidyl dipeptidase in rabbit microvessels. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 526: 537–546.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. KREUTZBERG, G. W., BARRON, K. D., SCHUBERT, P. (1987). Cytochemical localization of 5’-nucleotidase in glial plasma membranes. Brain Res. 158: 247–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. VORBRODT, A. W., LOSSINSKY, A. S., WISNIEWSKI, H. M. (1983). Enzyme cytochemistry of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disturbances. Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.) Suppl. VIII: 43–57.

    Google Scholar 

  16. KURIYAMA, K., HABER, B., ROBERTS, E. (1970). Occurrence of a new L-glutamic acid decarboxylase in several blood vessels of the rabbit. Brain Res. 23: 121–123.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. MIRZOYAN, S. A., KAZARAN, V. A., AKOPYAN, V. P. (1970). The glutamic decarboxylase activity in blood vessels of the brain. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 190: 1241–1243.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. DJURICIC, B. M., ROGAC, LJ., SPATZ, M., RAKIC, LJ. M., MRSULJA, B. B. 1978 ). Brain microvessels. I. Enzymatic activities. Adv. Neurot. 20: 197–205.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. MARUKI, C., SPATZ, M., UEKI, Y., NAGATSU, I., BEMBRY, J. (1984). Cerebrovascular endothelial cell culture: Metabolism and synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine. J. Neurochem. 43: 316–319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. FERNSTROM, J. D., HIRSCH, M. J. (1977). Brain serotonin synthesis: Reduction in corn-malnourished rats. J. Neurochem. 28: 877–879.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. GAL, E. M., SHERMAN, A. D. (1980). L-kynurenine: Its synthesis and possible regulatory function in brain. Neurochem. Res. 5: 223–239.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. SPATZ, M., KARNUSHINA, I., NAGATSU, I., BEMBRY, J. (1984). Endothelial cell cultures: A new model for the study of cerebral vascular endothelium. In: Recent Progress in the Study and Therapy of Brain Edema ( Go, K. G., Baethmann, A., eds.), pp. 373–380, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  23. HAMBERGER, B. (1967). Reserpine-resistant uptake of catecholamines in isolated tissues of the rat. A histochemical study. Acta Physiol. Scand. (Suppl.) 295: 1–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. OLENDORF, W. H. (1984). The blood-brain barrier. In: Handbook of Neurochemistry (Lajtha, A., ed.), Vol. 7, pp. 485–499. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  25. KALARIA, R. N., HARIK, S. I. (1987). Blood-brain barrier monoamine oxidase: Enzyme characterization in cerebral microvessels and other tissues from six mammalian species, including human. J. Neurochem. 49: 856–864.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. HEAD, R. J., PANEK, R., REID, J., STITZEL, R. E., BARONE, S. (1986). 0-Methylation of isoproterenol by the endothelium of the rabbit thoracic aorta. Blood Vess. 23: 279–287.

    Google Scholar 

  27. KREUTZBERG, G. W., TOTH, L. (1983). Enzyme cytochemistry of the cerebral microvessel wall. Acta Neuropathol. 8 (Suppl.): 35–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. VAN GELDER, N. M. (1968). A possible enzyme barrier for y-aminobutyric acid in the central nervous system. Prog. Brain Res. 29: 259–268.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. WAKSMAN, A., RUBINSTEIN, M. K., KURIYAMA, K., ROBERTS, E. (1968). Localization of yaminobutyric-aoxoglutaric acid transaminase in mouse brain. J. Neurochem. 15: 351–357.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. KRAUSE, D. N., ROBERTS, E., WONG, E., DEGENER, P., ROGERS, K. (1980). Specific cerebro-vascular localization of GABA-related receptors and enzymes. Brain Res. Bull 5 (Suppl. 2): 173–177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. PARDRIDGE, W. M., MIETUS, L. J. (1981). Enkephalin and blood-brain barrier: Studies of binding and degradation in isolated brain microvessels. Endocrinology 109: 1138–1143.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. GARBARG, M., BAUDRY, M., BRENDA, P., SCHWARTZ, J. C. (1975). Brain Res. 83: 583–591 (Cited by Hough and Green, 1984 ).

    Google Scholar 

  33. KIMELBERG, H. K. (1986). Occurrence and functional significance of serotonin and catecholamine uptake by astrocytes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 35: 2273–2281.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. HOUGH, L. B., GREEN, J. R. (1979). Histamine and its receptors in the nervous system. In: Handbook of Neurochemistry (Lajtha, A. ed) Vol. 6, pp. 145–211. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  35. JARROT, B., HJELLE, J. T., SPECTOR, S. (1984). Association of histamine with cerebral microvessels in regions of bovine brain. Brain Res. 168: 323–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. FURCHGOTT, R. F. (1984). Role of endothelium in responese of vascular smooth muscle to drugs. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 24: 175–197.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. DeFEUDIS, F. V. (1987). Endothelium dependent vasorelaxion — A new basis for developing cardiovascular drugs. Drugs of Today 23: in press.

    Google Scholar 

  38. FURCHGOTT, R. F., MARTIN, W. (1985). Interactions of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells of arteries. Chest 88 (Suppl.): 210S–213S.

    Google Scholar 

  39. REGOLI, D. (1984). Neurohumoral regulation of precapillary vessels: The kallikrein-kinin system. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 6: S 401—S 412.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. BETZ, A. L., GOLDSTEIN, G. W. (1984). Brain capillaries: Structure and function. In: Handbook of Neurochemistry (Lajtha, A., ed.), Vol. 7, pp. 465–484, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  41. SUMMERS, R. J., MOLENAAR, P., STEPHENSON, J. A. (1987). Autoradiographic localization of receptors in the cardiovascular system. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 8: 272–276.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. AGID, Y., JAVOY, F., GLOWINSKI, J. (1973). Hyperactivity of remaining dopaminergic neurons after destruction of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat. Nature 245: 150–151.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. UNGERSTEDT, U. (1971). Postsynaptic supersensitivity after 6-hydroxy-dopamine induced degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Acta Physiol. Scand. 367 (Suppl.): 69–93.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. RINNE, U. K., SONNINEN, V., SIIRTOLA, T. (1973). Plasma concentration of levodopa in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Response to administration of levodopa alone or combined with a de-carboxylase inhibitor and clinical correlations. Eur. Neurol. 10: 301–310.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. PEROUTKA, S. J., MOSKOWITZ, M. A., REINHARD J. F., SNYDER, S. H. (1980). Neurotransmitter receptor binding in bovine cerebral microvessels. Science 208: 610–612.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. PARDRIDGE, W. M. (1986). Discussion. In: Amino Acids in Health and Disease: New Perspectives ( Kaufman, S., ed.), p. 136. Alan R. Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  47. COMMISSIONG, J. (1985). Monoamine metabolites: Their relationship to monoaminergic neuronal activity. Biochem. Pharmacol. 34: 1127–1131.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. KUHN, D. M., WOLF, W. A., YOUDIM, M. B. A. (1986). Serotonin neurochemistry revisited: A new look at some old axioms. Neurochem. Int. 8: 141–154.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. DeFEUDIS, F. V. (1987). The brain is protected from nutrient excess. Life Sci. 40: 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. GOLDSTEIN, G. W., BETZ, A. L., BOWMAN, P. D. (1986). In vitro studies of the blood-brain barrier using isolated brain capillaries and cultured endothelial cells. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 481: 202213.

    Google Scholar 

  51. GOLDSTEIN, G. W. (1986). In vitro studies of glial-endothelial cell interactions. Fourth Colloq. Biol. Sci., Blood Brain Transfer, New York Acad. Sci.,Nov. 3, 1986, Abstract P-4

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. F. V. DeFeudis

    Present address: Institute for BioScience, Grafton, MA, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculté de Médecine, Université Louis Pasteur, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France

    F. V. DeFeudis

Authors
  1. F. V. DeFeudis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institut für experimentelle Medizin, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 3400, Göttingen, Germany

    Gerald Huether

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

DeFeudis, F.V. (1988). Enzymes of the Cerebrovascular Endothelium; Possible Relevance to the Interpretation of Precursor-Loading Experiments. In: Huether, G. (eds) Amino Acid Availability and Brain Function in Health and Disease. NATO ASI Series, vol 20. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73175-4_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73175-4_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-73177-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73175-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation