Abstract
The diversity of plant pathogenic bacteria capable of colonizing plant xylem is astounding. They are represented in almost every genus containing bacterial plant pathogens and incite diseases characterized by symptoms such as wilts, cankers, soft rots, leaf spots, galls, blights, declines, stunts, and leaf marginal necroses (Hayward 1974; Van Alfen 1982). Included among these xylem colonizers are bacteria with exacting nutritional and physiological requirements for growth as evidenced by their inability to grow in vitro on media commonly used for cultivation of plant pathogenic bacteria (Davis et al 1981). These bacteria are collectively referred to as fastidious xylem-inhabiting bacteria (FXB).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson PC and French WJ (1987) Biophysical characteristics of peach trees infected with phony peach disease. Physiol Mole Plant Pathol 31:25–40
Artschweager E (1960) Sieve tube lignification in sugarcane and its significance in relation to ratoon stunting disease. Proc Int Soc Sugar Cane Technol 10:1077–1082
Bailey RA (1977) The systemic distribution and relative occurrence of bacteria in sugarcane varieties affected by ratoon stunting disease. Proc S Afr Sugar Technol Assoc 51:55–56
Billing E (1982) Entry and establishment of pathogenic bacteria in plants. In: Rhodes-Roberts ME and Skinner FA (eds) Bacteria and Plants. Academic Press, New York London, p 51
Chen TA, Wells JM and Liao CH (1982) Cultivation in vitro: Spiroplasmas, plant mycoplasmas, and other fastidious, walled prokaryotes. In: Mount MS and Lach GH (eds) Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes, vol II. Academic Press, New York London, p 417
Davis MJ, Dean JL and Harrison NA (1988) Quantitative variability of Clavibacter x’yli subsp. xyli populations in sugarcane cultivars differing in resistance to ratoon stunting disease. Phytopathology 78:462–468
Davis MJ, Dean JL and Harrison NA (to be published) Distribution of Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli in stalks of sugarcane cultivars differing in resistance to ratoon stunting disease. Plant Disease
Davis MJ, Gillaspie AG Jr, Harris RW and Lawson RH (1980) Ratoon stunting disease of sugarcane: Isolation of the causal bacterium. Science 210:1365–1367
Davis MJ, Gillaspie AG Jr, Vidaver AK and Harris RW (1984) Clavibacter: A new genus containing some phytopathogenic coryneform bacteria, including Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli sp. nov., subsp. nov. and Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis subsp. nov., pathogens that cause ratoon stunting disease of sugarcane and bermudagrass stunting disease. Int J Syst Bact 34: 107–117
Davis MJ and Harrison NA (1987) Hydraulic conductivity in sugarcane clones as related to resistance to ratoon stunting disease. In: Civerolo EL, Collmer A, Davis RE and Gillaspie AG (eds) Plant pathogenic bacteria. Martinus Nijhoff, Boston, p 613
Davis MJ, Lawson RH, Gillaspie AG Jr and Harris RW (1983a) Properties and relationships of two xylem-limited bacteria and a mycoplasma-like organism infecting Bermuda grass. Phytopathology 73:341–346
Davis MJ, Purcell AH and Thomson SV (1978) Pierce’s disease of grapevine: Isolation of the causal bacterium. Science 199: 75–77
Davis MJ, Purcell AH and Thomson SV (1980) Isolation media for the Pierce’s disease bacterium. Phytopathology 70:425–429
Davis MJ, Raju BC, Brlansky RB, Lee RF, Timmer LW, Norris RC and McCoy RE (1983b) Periwinkle wilt bacterium: Axenic culture, pathogenicity and relationships to other Gram-negative, xyleminhabiting bacteria. Phytopathology 73:1510–1515
Davis MJ, Whitcomb RF and Gillaspie AG Jr (1981) Fastidious bacteria of plant vascular tissue and invertebrates (including so-called rickettsia-like bacteria). In: Starr MP, Stolp H, Truper HG, Balows A and Schlegel HG (eds) The Prokaryotes - a handbook on habitats, isolation, and identification of bacteria. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, p 2172
Esau K (1984) Anatomic effects of the viruses of Pierce’s disease and phony peach. Hilgardia 18(12):423–464
Evert DR (1987) Influence of phony disease of peach on stem hydraulic conductivity and leaf xylem pressure potential. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 112(6):1032–1036
Freitag JH (1951) Host range of the Pierce’s disease virus of grapes as determined by insect transmission. Phytopathology 41:920–934
French WJ and Stassi DL (1978) Response of phony-infected peach trees with gibberellic acid. Hort Sci 13:158–159
Gillaspie AG Jr, Flax G and Koike H (1976) Relationship between numbers of diagnostic bacteria and injury by ratoon stunting disease in sugarcane. Plant Disease Reporter 60:573–575
Gillaspie AG Jr, Davis RE and Worley JF (1973) Diagnosis of ratoon stunting disease based on the presence of a specific microorganism. Plant Disease Reporter 57:987–990
Goheen AC, Nyland G and Lowe SK (1973) Association of a rickettsia-like organism with Pierce’s disease of grapevines and alfalfa dwarf and heat therapy of the disease in grapevines. Phytopathology 63:341–345
Goodman RN (1982) The infection process. In: Mount MS and Lacy GH (eds) Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes, vol. I. Academic Press, New York London, p 31
Goodwin PH, DeVay JE and Meredith CP (1988) Roles of water stress and phytotoxins in the development of Pierce’s disease of the grapevine. Physiol Mole Plant Pathol 32:1–15
Goodwin PH, DeVay JE and Meredith CP (1988) Physiological response of Vitis vinifera cv. “Chardonnay” to infection by the Pierce’s disease bacterium. Physiol Mole Plant Pathol 32:17–32
Harrison NA and Davis MJ (1986) Infectivity titrations of Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli and sugarcane cultivars differing in susceptibility to ratoon stunting disease. Plant Disease 70: 556–558
Harrison NA and Davis MJ (to be published) Colonization of vascular tissues by Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli in stalks of sugarcane cultivars differing in susceptibility to ratoon stunting disease. Phytopathology
Hayward AC (1974) Latent ifections by bacteria. Ann Rev Phytopathol 12:87–110
Hopkins DL (1981) Seasonal concentration of the Pierce’s disease bacterium in grapevine stems, petioles, and leaf veins. Phytopathology 71:415–418
Hopkins DL (1984) Variability of virulence in grapevine among isolates of the Pierce’s disease bacterium. Phytopathology 74: 1395–1398
Hopkins DL (1985) Physiological and pathological characteristics of virulent and avirulent strains of the bacterium that causes Pierce’s disease of grapevine. Phytopathology 75:713–717
Hopkins DL (1985) Effects of plant growth regulators on development of Pierce’s disease symptoms in grapevine. Plant Disease 69:944–946
Hopkins DL and Adlerz WC (to be published) Natural hosts of Xylella fastidiosa in Florida. Plant Disease
Hopkins DL and Mollenhauer HH (1973) Rickettsia-like bacterium associated with Pierce’s disease of grapes. Science 179:298–300
Hopkins DL, Mollenhauer HH and French WJ (1973) Occurrence of a rickettsia-like bacterium in the xylem of peach trees with phony disease. Phytopathology 63:1422–1423
Hopkins DL and Thompson CM (1983) Seasonal concentration of the Pierce’s disease bacterium in ‘Carlos’ and ‘Welder’ muscadine grapes compared with ‘Schuyler’ bunch grapes. Hort Sci 19(3): 419–420
Houston BR, Esau K and Hewitt WB (1947) Mode of vector feeding and the tissues involved in the transmission of Pierce’s disease in grape and alfalfa. Phytopathology 37:247–253
Huang J-S (1986) Ultrastructure of bacterial penetration in plants. Ann Rev Phytopathol 24:141–157
Huang P-Y, Milholland RD and Daykin ME (1986) Structural and morphological changes associated with the Pierce’s disease bacterium in bunch and muscadine grape tissues. Phytopathology 76:1232–1238
Hunt P, Bennett CPA, Syamsu H and Nurwenda E (1987) Sumatra disease in cloves induced by a xylem-limited bacterium following mechanical inoculation. Plant Pathology 36:154–163
Hutchins LM (1933) Apparent localization of phony disease virus in the woody cylinder. Phytopathology 29:12
Kao J and Damann KE Jr (1978) Microcolonies of the bacterium associated with ratoon stunting disease found in sugarcane xylem matrix. Phytopathology 68:545–551
Kao J and Damann KE Jr (1980) In situ localization and morphology of the bacterium associated with ratoon stunting disease sugarcane. Can J Bot 58:310–315
Lee RF, Raju BC, Nyland G and Goheen AC (1982) Phytotoxin(s) produced in culture by the Pierce’s disease bacterium. Phytopathology 72:886–888
Lowe SK, Nyland G and Mircetich SM (1976) The ultrastructure of the almond leaf scorch bacterium with special reference to topography of the cell wall. Phytopathology 66:147–151
Maramorosch K, Plavsic-Banjac B, Bird J and Liu LJ (1973) Electron microscopy of ratoon stunted sugarcane: Microorganisms in xylem. Phytopathol Z 77:270–273
Mollenhauer HH and Hopkins DL (1974) Ultrastructural study of Pierce’s disease bacterium in grape xylem tissue. J Bacteriol 119:612–618
Mollenhauer HH and Hopkins DL (1976) Xylem morphology of Pierce’s disease-infected grapevines with different levels of tolerance. Physiol Plant Pathol 9:95–100
Nelson PE and Dickey RS (1970) Histopathology of plants infected with vascular bacterial pathogens. Ann Rev Phytopathol 8:259–280
Nyland G, Goheen AC, Lowe SK and Kirkpatrick HC (1973) The ultrastructure of a rickettsia-like organism from a peach tree affected with phony disease. Phytopathology 63:127–1278
Preece TF (1982) The progression of bacterial disease within plants. In: Rhodes-Roberts ME and Skinner FA (eds) Bacteria and Plants. Academic Press, New York London, p 71
Purcell AH (1982a) Evolution of insect vector relationships. In: Mount MS and Lacy GH (eds) Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes, vol I. Academic Press, New York London, p 121
Purcell AH (1982b) Insect vector relationships with procaryotic plant pathogens. Ann Rev Phytopathol 20:397–417
Raju BC, Goheen AC and Frazier NW (1983) Occurrence of Pierce’s disease bacteria in plants and vectors in California. Phytopathology 73:1309–1313
Roberts DL, Vargas JM Jr, Detweiler R, Baker KK and Hooper GR (1981) Association of a bacterium with a disease of Toronto creeping bentgrass. Plant Disease 65:1014–1016
Steindl DRL (1957) Host range of the sugarcane ratoon stunting disease virus. J Aust Inst Agric Sci 23(3) 238
Steindl DRL (1961) Ratoon stunting disease. In: Martin JP, Abbott EV and Hughes CG (eds) Sugarcane diseases of the world, vol I. Elseview Publ Co, Amsterdam, p 433
Teakle DS, Appleton JM and Steindl DRL (1978) An anatomical basis for resistance of sugarcane to ratoon stunting disease. Physiol Plant Pathol 12:83–91
Teakle DS, Smith PM, Hayward AC and Steindl DRL (1975) Diagnosis of RSD by electron microscopy of sugar-cane tissue diffusates. Proc Queensl Soc Sugar Cane Technol 115–116
Teakle DS, Smith PM and Steindl DRL (1973) Association of a small coryneform bacterium with the ratoon stunting disease of sugarcane. Australian J Agric Res 24:869–874
Teakle DS, Smith PM and Steindl DRL (1975) Ratoon stunting disease of sugarcane: Possible correlation of resistance with vascular anatomy. Phytopathology 65:138–141
Valarini PJ and Tokeshi H (1981) Evaluation of ratoon stunting disease resistance by water flow of sugarcane stalks. Summa phytopathol 7(3/4):45–46
Van Alfen NK (1982) Wilts: Concepts and mechanisms. In: Mount MS and Lacy GH (eds) Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes, vol I. Academic Press, New York London, p 459
VanderMolen GE, Beckman CH and Rodehorst E (1977) Vascular gelation: a general response phenomenon following infection. Physiol Plant Pathol 11:95–100
Weaver L, Teakle DS and Hayward AC (1977) Ultrastructural studies on the bacterium associated with the ratoon stunting disease of sugarcane. Australian J Agric Res 28:843–852
Wells JM, Raju BC, Hung HY, Weisburg WG, Mandelco-Paul L and Brenner DJ (1987) Xylella fastidiosa gen. nov., sp. nov: Gramnegative, xylem-limited, fastidious plant bacteria related to Xanthomonas spp. Int J Syst Bact 37:136–143
Wells JM, Weaver DJ and Raju BC (1980) Distribution of reckettsia-like bacteria in peach, and their occurrence in plum, cherry, and some perennial weeds. Phytopathology 70:817–820
Worley JF and Gillaspie AG Jr (1975) Electron microscopy in situ of the bacterium associated with the ratoon stunting disease in sudangrass. Phytopathology 65:287–295
Zimmerman MH and McDonough J (1978) Dysfunction of the water system. In: Horsfall JG and Cowling EB (eds) Plant disease, an advanced treatise, vol 3. Academic Press, New York San Francisco London, p 117
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Davis, M.J. (1989). Host Colonization and Pathogenesis in Plant Diseases Caused by Fastidious Xylem-Inhabiting Bacteria. In: Tjamos, E.C., Beckman, C.H. (eds) Vascular Wilt Diseases of Plants. NATO ASI Series, vol 28. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73166-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73166-2_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-73168-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73166-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive