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Initiation of DNA Replication by Primer Proteins: Bacteriophage ø29 and Its Relatives

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Book cover The Molecular Biology of Bacterial Virus Systems

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 136))

Abstract

The fact that none of the known DNA polymerases is able to initiate DNA chains but only to elongate from a free 3′-OH group raises the problem of how replication is initiated, both at the replication origin and on Okazaki fragments. It was first shown by A. Kornberg et al. that a general mechanism to initiate replication is through the formation of an RNA primer catalyzed by RNA polymerases or by a new class of enzymes, the primases (Kornberg 1980). This mechanism, which can be used in the case of circular DNA molecules or linear DNAs that circularize or form concatemers, cannot be used at the ends of linear DNAs since the RNA primer is removed from the DNA chain, and there is no way of filling the gap resulting at the 5′-ends of the newly synthesized DNA chain. In some cases linear DNA molecules contain a palindromic nucleotide sequence at the 3′-end that allows the formation of a hairpin structure which provides the needed free 3′-OH group for elongation. This mechanism, first proposed by Cavalier-Smith (1974) for eukaryotic DNA replication, was shown to take place in several systems (Kornberg 1980, 1982). Another mechanism to initiate replication consists in the specific nicking of one of the strands of a circular double-stranded DNA, producing a 3′-OH group available for elongation (Kornberg 1980). In the case of the Bacillus subtilis phage ø 29, which contains a linear, double-stranded DNA of molecular weight 11.8 × 106 (Sogo et al. 1979), the initiation of replication cannot take place by any of the indicated mechanisms. In this review I will describe the existence of a protein covalently linked to the ends of ø 29 DNA as well as to the DNA ends of phages related to ø 29 and its role in the initiation of replication by a protein-priming mechanism (Salas 1983).

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  1. Centro de Biologia Molecular (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    M. Salas

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  1. M. Salas
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  1. Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie der Universität, Frankfurter Str. 107, D-6300, Giessen, Germany

    G. Hobom

  2. Institut für Virologie der Universität, Frankfurter Str. 107, D-6300, Giessen, Germany

    R. Rott

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Salas, M. (1988). Initiation of DNA Replication by Primer Proteins: Bacteriophage ø29 and Its Relatives. In: Hobom, G., Rott, R. (eds) The Molecular Biology of Bacterial Virus Systems. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 136. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73115-0_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73115-0_4

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