Abstract
It is now well established that the toxic effects of a variety of chemicals are mediated by reactive products formed during their biotransformation in the organism. It is equally clear that there exist protective systems which can trap or inactivate toxic metabolites and thereby prevent their accumulation within the tissues and subsequent toxicity. Although phase I reactions, in particular those mediated by the cytochrome P450-linked monooxygenase system, are most often responsible for the production of toxic metabolites, there are now many examples of metabolic activation via phase II reactions, despite the fact that the latter normally serve a protective function (Jakoby 1980). It therefore follows that the formation of toxic metabolites cannot be attributed to any single enzyme or enzyme system, and that the balance between metabolic activation and inactivation is critical in deciding whether exposure to a potentially toxic compound will result in toxicity or not.
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References
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Orrenius, S., Nicotera, P. (1987). On The Role of Calcium in Chemical Toxicity. In: Chambers, C.M., Chambers, P.L., Davies, D.S. (eds) Mechanisms and Models in Toxicology. Archives of Toxicology, Supplement, vol 11. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72558-6_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72558-6_2
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