Skip to main content

Atomic Force Microscopy of Crystallized Na+/K+-ATPase

  • Chapter
The Sodium Pump
  • 19 Accesses

Abstract

The atomic force microscope, AFM (3), images hard surfaces at atomic resolution but its application to soft biological samples is still a great challenge (4, 5, 6, 7, 8). An important characteristic of the AFM is that it allows imaging of biological material not only in air or vacuum but also in aqueous solutions without any preceeding fixation or staining. We have applied the AFM to the analysis of the two-dimensional crystals of Na+/K+-ATPase, which we have previously characterized by electron microscopy following negative staining (11) or cryo-electron microscopy (10). The present observations demonstrate that the lipid regions of Na+/K+-ATPase membranes can be imaged unstained in aqueous solutions at molecular resolution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Apell HJ, Colchero J, Under A, Marti O (1993) Investigation of the Na,K-ATPase by SFM. In: Marti O, Amrein M (eds) STM and SFM in Biology. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 275–308

    Google Scholar 

  2. Apell HJ, Colchero J, Linder A, Marti O, Mlynek J (1992) Na,K-ATPase in crystalline form investigated by scanning force microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 42–44: 1133–1140

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Binnig G, Quate CF, Gerber C (1986) Atomic force microscope. Phys. Rev. Lett. 56: 930–933

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Butt HJ, Downing KH, Hansma PK (1990) Imaging the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin with the atomic force microscope. Biophys. J. 58: 1473–1480

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Egger M, Ohnesorge F, Weisenhorn AL, Heyn SP, Drake B, Prater CB, Gould SAC, Hansma PH, Gaub HE (1990) Wet lipid-protein membranes imaged at submolecular resolution by atomic force microscopy. J. Struct. Biol. 103: 89–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Engel A (1991) Biological applications of scanning probe microscopes. Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem 20: 79–108

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hansma PK, Elings VB, Marti O, Bracker CE (1988) Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy: Application to biology and technology. Science 242: 209–216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hoh JH, Lal R, John SA, Revel JP, Arnsdorf MF (1991) Atomic force microscopy and dissection of gap junctions. Science 253: 1405–1408

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Jørgensen PL (1974) Purification and characterization of (Na++K+)-ATPase. III. Purification from outer medulla of mammalian kidney after selective removal of membrane components by sodium dodecyl sulphate. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 356: 36–52

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Maunsbach AB, Hebert H, Kavéus U (1992) Cryo-electron microscope analysis of frozenhydrated crystals of Na,K-ATPase. Acta Histochem. Cytochem. 25: 279–285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Maunsbach AB, Skriver E, Hebert H (1991) Two-dimensional crystals and three-dimensional structure of Na,K-ATPase analyzed by electron microscopy. In: Kaplan JH, De Weer P (eds) The Sodium Pump: Structure, Mechanism, and Regulation. The Rockefeller University Press, pp. 159–172.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Peltonen JRK, He P, Rosenholm JB (1992) Order and defects of Langmuir-Blodgett films detected with the atomic force microscope. J Am Chem Soc 114: 7637–7642

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Schwartz DK, Garnaes J, Viswanathan R, Zasadzinski JAN (1992) Surface order and stability of Langmuir-Blodgett films. Science 257: 508–511

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Skriver E, Maunsbach AB, Jørgensen PL (1981) Formation of two-dimensional crystals in pure membrane-bound Na+,K+-ATPase. FEBS Lett 131: 219–222

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Yang J, Tamm LK, Somlyo AP, Shao Z (1993) Promises and problems of biological atomic force microscopy. J Microscopy 171: 183–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Maunsbach, A.B., Thomsen, K. (1994). Atomic Force Microscopy of Crystallized Na+/K+-ATPase. In: Bamberg, E., Schoner, W. (eds) The Sodium Pump. Steinkopff. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72511-1_54

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72511-1_54

  • Publisher Name: Steinkopff

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-72513-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-72511-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics