Skip to main content

Anisotropy and anisotropic reentry in myocardial infarction

  • Chapter
  • 783 Accesses

Summary

The structure of a healing myocardial infarct is an important cause of ventricular arrhythmias. Survival of muscle bundles in an area of infarction can form a nonuniform anisotropic conduction medium. Slow and irregular propagation transverse to the long axis of the muscle bundles enables the occurrence of reentrant excitation, called anisotropic reentry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Allessie MA, Bonke FIM, Schopman FJG (1977) Circus movement in rabbit atrial muscle as a mechanism of tachycardia. III. The “leading circle” concept: a new model of circus movement in cardiac tissue without the involvement of an anatomical obstacle. Circ Res 41: 9–18

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Brugada J, Boersma L, Kirchof CJH (1991) Reentrant excitation around a fixed obstacle in uniform anisotropic ventricular myocardium. Circ 84: 1296–1306

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Clerc L (1976) Directional differences of impulse spread in trabecular muscle from mammalian heart. J Physiol (London) 255: 335–346

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Cranefield PF (1975) The conduction of the cardiac impulse. The slow response and cardiac arrhythmia. Futura Publishing Company, Mount Kisco, New York

    Google Scholar 

  5. Dillon S, Allessie MA, Ursell PC, Wit AL (1988) Influence of anisotropic tissue structure on reentrant circuits in the subepicardial border zone of subacute canine infarcts Circ Res 63: 182–206

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. El-Sherif N (1985) The figure 8 model of reentrant excitation in the canine postinfarction heart. In: Zipes DP, Jalife J (eds). Electrophysiology and Arrhythmias. Grune & Stratton, New York, New York

    Google Scholar 

  7. El-Sherif N, Scherlag BJ, Lazzara R, Hope RR (1977) Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias in the late myocardial infarction period: I. Conduction characteristics in the infarction zone. Circ 55: 686–702

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Garrey WE (1924) Auricular fibrillation. Physiol Rev 4: 215–250

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gough WB, Mehra R, Restivo M, Zeiler RH, El-Sherif N (1985) Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias in the late MI period in the dog. 13 Correlation of activation and refractory maps. Circ Res 57: 432–442

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hoffman BF, Rosen MR (1981) Cellular mechanisms for cardiac arrhythmias. Circ Res 49: 1–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Hoyt RH, Cohen ML, Saffitz JE (1989) Distribution and three-dimensional structure of intercellular junctions in canine myocardium. Circ Res 64: 563–574

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lue W-M, Boyden PA (1992) Abnormal electrical properties of myocytes from chronically infarcted canine heart: alterations in Vmax and the transient outward current. Circ 85: 1175–1188

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Mines GR (1913) On dynamic equilibrium in the heart. J Physiol (London) 46: 349–383

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Mines GR (1914) On circulating excitations in heart muscles and their possible relations to tachycardia and fibrillation. Trans Roy Soc Can Ser 3, Sect IV 8: 43–52

    Google Scholar 

  15. Osaka T, Kodama I, Tsuboi N, Toyama J, Yamada K (1987) Effects of activation sequence and anisotropic cellular geometry on the repolarization phase of action potential of dog ventricular muscles. Circ 76: 226–236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Roberts DE, Hersh LT, Scher AM (1979) Influence of cardiac fiber orientation on wave-front voltage, conduction velocity and tissue resistivity in the dog. Circ Res 44: 701–712

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Sommer JR, Dolber PC (1982) Cardiac muscle: The ultrastructure of its cells and bundles. In: Hoffman BF, Lieberman M, Paes de Carvallio A (eds). Normal and Abnormal Conduction of the Heart Beat. Futura Publishing Company, Mt. Kisco, New York, pp. 1–27

    Google Scholar 

  18. Spach MS, Dolber PC (1986) Relating extracellular potentials and their derivatives to anisotropic propagation at a microscopic level in human cardiac muscle. Evidence for uncoupling of side-to-side fiber connections with increasing age. Circ Res 58: 356–371

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Spach MS, Dolber PC, Heidlage JF (1988) Influence of the passive anisotropic properties on directional differences in propagation following modification of the sodium conductance in human atrial muscle: A model of reentry based on anisotropic discontinuous propagation. Circ Res 62: 811–832

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Spach MS, Dolber PC, Heidlage JF (1989) Interaction of inhomogeneities of repolarization with anisotropic propagation in dog atria. A mechanism for both preventing and initiating reentry. Circ Res 65: 1612–1631

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Spach MS, Miller WT, Dolber PC, Kootsey JM, Sommer JR, Mosher CE Jr (1982) The functional role of structural complexities in the propagation of depolarization in the atrium of the dog: Cardiac conduction disturbances due to discontinuities of effective axial resistivity. Circ Res 50: 175–191

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Spach MS, Miller WT, Geselowitz DB, Barr RC, Kootsey JM, Johnson EA (1981) The discontinuous nature of propagation in normal canine cardiac muscle: Evidence for recurrent discontinuities of intracellular resistance that effect membrane currents. Circ Res 48: 39–54

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Streeter D (1979) Gross morphology and fiber geometry of the heart. In: Berne RM, Sperelakis N, Geiger SR (eds): Handbook of Physiology. The Cardiovascular System. Vol. 1. American Physiological Society, Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Svenson RH, Littmann L, Gallagher JJ, Selle JG, Zimmern SH, Fedor JM, and Colavita PG (1990) Termination of ventricular tachycardia with epicardial laser photocoagulation: a clinical comparison with patients undergoing successful endocardial photocoagulation alone. J Am Col Cardiol 15: 163–170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ursell PC, Garder PI, Albala A, Fenoglio JJ Jr, Wit AL (1985) Structural and electrophysiological changes in the epicardial border zone of canine myocardial infarcts during infarct healing. Circ Res 56: 436–451

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Wit AL, Allessie MA, Bonke FIM, Lammers W, Smeets J, Fenoglio JJ Jr (1982) Electrophysiologic mapping to determine the mechanism of experimental ventricular tachycardia initiated by premature impulses. Experimental approach and initial results demonstrating reentrant excitation. Am J Cardiol 49: 166–185

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wit AL, Dillon SM, Coromilas J, Saltman AE, Waldecker B (1990) Anisotropic reentry in the epicardial border zone of myocardial infarcts. In: Jalife J (ed). Mathematical Approaches to Cardiac Arrhythmias New York Academy of Sciences, New York, NY, 591: 86–108

    Google Scholar 

  28. Wit AL, Janse MJJ (1992) The Ventricular Arrhythmias of Ischemia and Infarction. Electrophysiological Mechanisms. Futura Publishing Company, Mount Kisco, New York

    Google Scholar 

  29. Wit AL, Josephson ME (1985) Fractionated electrograms and continuous electrical activity: fact or artifact. In: Zipes DP, Jalife J (eds). Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmais. Grune and Stratton, Orlando, Florida, pp 342–351

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wit, A.L. (1994). Anisotropy and anisotropic reentry in myocardial infarction. In: Zehender, M., Meinertz, T., Just, H. (eds) Myocardial Ischemia and Arrhythmia. Steinkopff. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72505-0_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72505-0_7

  • Publisher Name: Steinkopff

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-72507-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-72505-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics