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Bildung und Umbildung von Tonmineralen

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Tonminerale und Tone

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Zusammenfassung

Bildung und Umbildung von Tonmineralen in ihren unterschiedlichen chemischen wie strukturellen Eigenschaften werden weitgehend durch die großen natürlichen Reaktionsräume, die sogen. Environments bestimmt, die von Millot (73) definiert wurden. Im Folgenden werden behandelt: das „Verwitterungsenvironment“, das „sedimentäre Environment“ und das „diagenetisch-hydrothermale Environment“. Die Tonmineralbildung in der Verwitterungszone wird bestimmt durch die Wechselwirkung der Gesteine in der obersten kontinentalen Erdkruste mit der Hydrosphäre. Mit dem Zerfall der Gesteine in Einzelminerale setzt bereits die chemische Verwitterung ein, d. h. der Lösungsprozeß durch die wäßrige Phase. Die Porenlösung füllt den Raum zwischen den Körnern aus und wird vom sauren Niederschlagswasser bei Verdunstung und Abfluß immer wieder nachgeliefert. Tonminerale scheiden sich in langdauernden chemischen Prozessen aus der Porenlösung aus, wenn bestimmte Sättigungsgrenzen durch gelöstes Material erreicht sind. Aus einem anfänglichen Mineralgrus von Eruptivgesteinen wird mit fortschreitender Verwitterungstätigkeit ein Boden, bestehend aus detrischen, d. h. nur teilweise gelösten primären Mineralen und neugebildeten Tonmineralen, was kennzeichnend für die Verwitterungszone ist.

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  1. K. Jasmund
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  1. Mineralogisch-Petrographisches Institut der Universität, Zülpicher Straße 49, W-5000, Köln, Germany

    Karl Jasmund

  2. Institut für anorganische Chemie, Universität Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, W-2300, Kiel, Germany

    Gerhard Lagaly

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Jasmund, K. (1993). Bildung und Umbildung von Tonmineralen. In: Jasmund, K., Lagaly, G. (eds) Tonminerale und Tone. Steinkopff. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72488-6_4

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