Abstract
Studies of experimental animals and man have provided evidence that both environmental and genetic factors are important determinants of arterial pressure. Whilst much information has been gained from detailed investigations of experimental models of hypertension, the direct applicability of such studies to the aetiology and pathogenesis of essential hypertension in man is by no means clear, and what is needed is an appropriate human model of the hypertensive process. Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that rural/urban migration, particularly of individuals migrating from an unacculturated society to an urban environment, is frequently associated with a rise in blood pressure, and we have considered the possibility that this process might be such a model. We suggest that the factors involved in the rise in blood pressure with migration, be they genetic or environmental, are the same factors responsible for the rise in blood pressure with age seen in westernised societies, and also the factors responsible for the pathogenesis of essential hypertension (Fig. 1).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Poulter N, Khaw KT, Hopwood BEC, Mugambi M, Peart WS, Rose G, Sever PS (1984 a) Blood pressure and its correlates in an African tribe in urban and rural environments. J Epid Comm Health 38:181–186
Poulter N, Khaw KT, Hopwood BEC, Mugambi M, Peart WS, Rose G, Sever PS (1984b) Blood pressure and associated factors in a rural Kenyan community. Hypertension 6:810–813
Poulter N, Khaw KT, Hopwood BEC, Mugambi M, Peart WS, Sever PS (1985) Determinants of blood pressure due to urbanisation — a longitudinal study. J Hypertension 3 (Suppl 3):375–377
Intersalt Co-operative Research Group (1988) Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Br Med J 297:319–328
Pickering personal communication
Beaglehole R, Salmond CE, Hooper A, Huntsman J, Stanhope JM, Carsel JC, Prior IAM (1977) Blood pressure and social interaction in Tokelauan migrants in New Zealand. J Chron Dis 30:803–812
Dietz R, Schonig A, Haebara H, Mann JFE, Rascher W, Luth JB, Grunherz N, Gross F (1978) Studies on the pathogenesis of spontaneous hypertension of rats. Hypertension 43(Suppl):98–106
Koepke JP, di Bona GF (1985 a) Central b-adrenergic receptors mediate renal nerve activity during stress in conscious SHR. Hypertension 7:350–356
Koepke JP, di Bona GF (1985 b) High sodium intake enhances renal nerve and antinatriuretic responses to stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 7:357–563
Dargie HJ, Franklin SS, Reid JL (1977) Plasma noradrenaline concentrations in experimental renovascular hypertension in the rat. Clin Sci Mol Med 52:477–483
Reid JL, Zivin JA, Kopin IJ (1975) Central and peripheral adrenergic mechanisms in the development of deoxycorticosterone-saline hypertension in rats. Circ Res 37:569–579
Koepke JP, Jones S, di Bona GF (1986) Renal nerve activity and renal function during environmental stress in DOCA-NaCl rats. Am J Physiol 251 (Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 20):R289–294
De Fronzo RA (1981) The effect of insulin on renal sodium metabolism. Diabetologia 21:165–171
Moden M, Halkin H, Almog S, Lusky A, Eshkol A, Shefi M, Shitrit A, Fuchs Z (1985) Hyperinsulinaemia: A link between hypertension, obesity and glucose intolerance. J Clin Invest 75:809–817
Scotch NA, Geiger JH (1963) Epidemiology of essential hypertension: psychologic and socio-cultural factors in etiology. J Chronic Dis 16:1183–1213
Cruz-Coke R, Etcheverry R, Nagel R (1964) Influence of migration on the blood pressure of Easter Islanders. Lancet I:697–699
Takeda K, Bunag RD (1980) Augmented sympathetic nerve activity and pressor responsiveness in DOCA hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2:97–101
Bianchi G, Fox U, Di Francesco GF, Giovannetti AM, Pagetti D (1974) Blood pressure changes produced by kidney cross-transplantation between spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive rats. Clin Sci Mol Med 47:435–448
Guidi E, Bianchi G, Rivolta E, Ponticelli C, Quarto di Palo F, Minetti L, Polli E (1985) Hypertension in man with a kidney transplant: role of familial versus other factors. Nephron 41:14–21
Light KC, Koepke JP, Obrist PA, Willis PW, IV (1983) Psychological stress induces sodium and fluid retention in men at high risk for hypertension. Science 220:429–431
Insel PA, Snavely MD, Healy DP, Munzel PA, Potenza CL, Nord EP (1985) Radioligand binding and functional assays demonstrate postsynaptic alpha2-receptors on proximal tubules of rat and rabbit kidney. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 7 (Suppl 8):9–17
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sever, P.S., Poulter, N.R., Khaw, K.T. (1989). Migration studies and blood pressure: A model for essential hypertension. In: Mathias, C.J., Sever, P.S. (eds) Concepts in Hypertension. Steinkopff. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72417-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72417-6_8
Publisher Name: Steinkopff
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-72419-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-72417-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive