Zusammenfassung
Sobald ein Nervenengpaßsyndrom diagnostiziert ist und damit der betroffene Nerv und die Höhe seiner Läsion feststehen, stellt sich die Frage der angemessenen Behandlung dieser Erkrankung. Sie kann konservativ oder operativ sein. Die Entscheidung für die eine oder andere Therapieform hängt von verschiedenen Faktoren ab: Vom Ausmaß der subjektiven Beschwerden und neurologischen Ausfälle, vom betroffenen Nerven und der Ursache der Nervenstörung. Das Alter des Patienten spielt hingegen eine höchstens untergeordnete Rolle. Hohes Alter spricht keinesfalls gegen eine Operation, und ihr Ergebnis ist grundsätzlich nicht schlechter als bei jüngeren Patienten. Einzelheiten der Therapie werden bei den verschiedenen Engpaßsyndromen abgehandelt, im folgenden sollen nur allgemeine Grundlagen angesprochen werden.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Bauer, H., Welsch, K.H., (1978) Schwangerschaftsoedem als Ursache eines Karpaltunnelsyndroms. MMW 120: 701–702
Benini, A., (1975) Das Karpaltunnelsyndrom und die übrigen Kompressionssyndrome des Nervus medianus. Thieme, Stuttgart
Bentley, F.H., Schlapp, W., (1943) Experiments on the blood supply of nerves. J Physiol 102: 62–71
Bramwell, E., (1903) A case of meralgia paresthetica ( Bernhardt’s Sensibilitätsstörung), with a short account of the condition. Edinburgh Med J 14: 26–33
Bruner, J.M., (1951) Safety factors in the use of the pneumatic tourniquet for hemostasis in surgery of the hand. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 33: 221–224
Bruner, J.M., (1970) Time, pressure and temperature factors in the safe use of the tourniquet. Hand 2: 39–42
Buck-Gramcko, D., Dietrich, F.E., (1981) Allgemeine Operationstechnik. In: Nigst, H., Buck- Gramcko, D., Millesi, H., (Hrsg) Handchirurgie, Bd I. Thieme, Stuttgart New York, S 8.1–8. 13
Bunnell, S., (1944) Surgery of the hand. Lippincott, Philadelphia
Bureau, H., Magalon, G., Roffe, J.L., (1982) Le syndrome du canal carpien. J Chir (Paris) 119: 739–747
Calderwood, J.W., Dickie, W.R., (1972) Tourniquet paresis complicating tendon grafting. Hand 4: 53–55
Castelli, W.A., Evans, F.G., Diaz-Perez, R., Armstrong, T.J., (1980) Intraneural connective tissue proliferation of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 61: 418–422
Cherington, M., Happer, I., Machanic, B., Parry, L., (1986) Surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome may be hazardous to your health. Muscle Nerve 9: 632–634
Cracchiolo, A., (ed) (1971) The carpal tunnel syndrome. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1: 87–95
Curtis, R.M., Eversmann, W.W., (1973) Internal neurolysis as an adjunct to the treatment of the carpal tunnel syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 55: 733–740
Cushing, H., (1904) Pneumatic tourniquets. With especial reference to their use in craniotomies. Med News (New York) 84: 577–580
Dale, W.A., (1971) Thoracic outlet syndrome. J Tenn Med Assoc 64: 941–948
Dale, W.A., (1982) Thoracic outlet compression syndrome. Critique in 1982. Arch Surg 117: 1437–1445
Dale, W.A., Lewis, M.R., (1975) Management of thoracic outlet syndrome. Ann Surg 181: 575–585
Dawson, D.M., Hallett, M., Millender, L.H., (1983) Entrapment neuropathies. Little & Brown, Boston Toronto
Denny-Brown, D., Brenner, C., (1944) Paralysis of nerve induced by direct pressure and by tourniquet. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 51: 1–26
Durkin, M.A., Crabtree, S.D., (1982) Hazard of pneumatic tourniquet application. J R Soc Med 75: 658–660
Ellis, J.M., Kishi, T., Azuma, J., Folkers, K., (1976) Vitamin B6 deficiency in patients with a clinical syndrome including the carpal tunnel defect. Biochemical and clinical response to therapy with pyridoxine. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 13: 743–757
Ellis, J.M., Azuma, J., Watanabe, T., et al. (1977) Survey and new data on treatment with pyridoxine of patients having a clinical syndrome including the carpal tunnel and other defects. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 17: 165–177
Ellis, J., Folkers, K., Watanabe, T., etal. (1979) Clinical results of a cross-over treatment with pyridoxine and placebo of the carpal tunnel syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 32: 2040–2046
Ellis, J.M., Folkers, K., Levy, M., Takemura, K., Shizukuishi, S., Ulrich, R., Harrison, P., (1981) Therapy with vitamin B6 with and without surgery for treatment of patients having the idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 33: 331–344
Ellis, J.M., Folkers, K., Levy, M., et al. (1982) Response of vitamin B-6 deficiency and the carpal tunnel syndrome to pyridoxine. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 79: 7494–7498
Englert, H.M., (1976) Partielle faszikuläre Medianus-Atrophie ungeklärter Genese. Handchirurgie 8: 61–62
Eversmann, W.W., (1982) Entrapment and compression neuropathies. In: Green, J.P., (ed) Operative hand surgery. Churchill & Livingstone, New York, pp 957–1009
Eversmann, W.W., Ritsick, J.A., (1978) Intraoperative changes in motor nerve conduction latency in carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg 3: 77–81
Fissette, J., Onkelinx, A., (1979) Treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Hand 11: 206–210
Flatt, A.E., (1972) Tourniquet time in hand surgery. Arch Surg 104: 190–192
Folkers, K., Ellis, J., Watanabe, T., Saji, S., Kaji, M., (1978) Biochemical evidence for a deficiency of vitamin B6 in the carpal tunnel syndrome based on a crossover clinical study. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 75: 3410–3412
Folkers, K., Wolaniuk, A., Vadhanavikit, S., (1984) Enzymology of the response of the carpal tunnel syndrome to riboflavin and to combined riboflavin and pyridoxine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 7076–7078
Fowler, T.J., Danta, G., Gilliatt, R.W., (1972) Recovery of nerve conduction after a pneumatic tourniquet: Observations on the hind-limb of the baboon. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 35: 638–647
Freshwater, M.F., Arons, M.S., (1978) The effect of various adjuncts on the surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to chronic tenosynovitis. Plast Reconstr Surg 61: 93–96
Garland, M., Bradshaw, J.P.P., Clark, J.M.P., (1957) Compression of median nerve in carpal tunnel and its relation to acroparaesthesiae. Br Med J 1: 730–734
Gassmann, N., Segmüller, G., (1976) Das Karpaltunnelsyndrom: Indikation und Technik der epineuralen und der interfaszikulären Neurolyse. Helv Chir Acta 43: 699–702
Gassmann, N., Segmüller, G., Stanisic, M., (1977) Das Karpaltunnelsyndrom. Indikation, Technik und Resultate nach epineuraler und interfaszikulärer Neurolyse. Handchirurgie 9: 137–142
Gauthier, G., (1979) Thomas Morton’s disease: A nerve entrapment syndrome. A new surgical
echnique. Clin Orthop 142:90–92
Gentili, F., Hudson, A.R., Hunter, D., (1980 a) Clinical and experimental aspects of injection injuries of peripheral nerves. Can J Neurol Sci 7: 143–151
Gentili, F., Hudson A.R., Hunter, D., Kline, D.G., ( 1980 b) Nerve injection injury with local anesthetic agents: A light and electron microscopic, fluorescent microscopic, and horseradish peroxidase study. Neurosurgery 6: 263–272
Gentili, F., Hudson, A.R., Kline, D., Hunter, D., (1980c) Early changes following injection injury of peripheral nerves. Can J Surg 23: 177–182
Gentili, F., Hudson, A.R., Kline, D.C., Hunter, D., (1981) Morphological and physiological alterations following internal neurolysis of normal rat sciatic nerve. In: Gorio, A., Millesi, H., Mingrino, S., (eds) Posttraumatic peripheral nerve regeneration. Raven, New York, pp 183–196
Gerl, A., Fuchs, T., (1980) Die Operation des Karpaltunnelsyndroms ohne interfaszikuläre Neurolyse. Zentralbl Neurochir 41: 139–148
Gould, J.S., Wissinger, H.A., (1978) Carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnancy. South Med J 71: 144–145, 154
Grundberg, A.B., (1983) Carpal tunnel decompression in spite of normal electromyography. J Hand Surg 8: 348–349
Hamilton, W.K., Sokoll, M.D., (1967) Tourniquet paralysis. JAMA 199: 95
Haußmann, P., (1982) Intratrunkuläre faszikuläre Kompression des N. interosseus anterior. Handchirurgie 14: 183–185
Haußmann, P., Kendel, K., (1981) Oligofaszikuläres Medianus-Kompressionssyndrom. Handchirurgie 13: 268–271
Hoffmann, H., Gerber, H., (1981) Anästhesie. In: Nigst, H., Buck-Gramcko, D., Millesi, H., (Hrsg) Handchirurgie, Bd I. Thieme, Stuttgart New York, S 6.1–6. 13
Holmgren-Larsson, H., Leshniewski, W., Linden, U., Rabow, L., Thorling, J., (1985) Internal neurolysis or ligament division only in carpal tunnel syndrome — results of a randomized study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 74: 118–121
Hudson, A.R., (1983) Carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnancy (letter). Can Med Assoc J 128: 1348–1349
Hudson, A.R., (1984) Peripheral nerve surgery. In: Dyck, P.J., Lambert, E.H., Bunge, R., (eds) Peripheral neuropathy, 2nd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 420–437
Hudson, A.R., Kline, D.G., (1975) Progression of partial experimental injury to peripheral nerve. Part 2: Light and electron microscopic study. J Neurosurg 42: 15–22
Hudson, A.R., Berry, H., Mayfield, F., (1982) Chronic injuries of peripheral nerves by entrapment. In: Youmans, J.R., (ed) Neurological surgery, 2nd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 2430–2474
Kamp Nielsen, V., Osgaard, O., Trojaborg, W., (1980) Interfascicular neurolysis in chronic ulnar nerve lesions at the elbow: An electrophysiological study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 43: 272–280
Klenerman, L., (1962) The tourniquet in surgery. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 44: 937–943
Kline, D.G., Hackett, A.R., Davis, G.D., Myers, M.B., (1972) Effect of mobilization on the blood supply and regeneration of injured nerves. J Surg Res 12: 254–266
Lemaire, R., Lejeune, G., Leclercq, D., Carlier, A., (1979) Une pathologie méconnue: Les neuropathies par compression des troncs nerveux périphériques. Rév Méd Liège 34: 314–327
Lerique, J.L., (1974) A propos du garrot ischémique en chirurgie réparatrice. Ann Chir 28: 327–330
Levine, J., Spinner, M., (1971) Neurolysis in elderly patients. Clin Orthop 80: 13–16
Lilly, C.J., Magnell, T.D., (1985) Severance of the thenar branch of the median nerve as a complication of carpal tunnel release. J Hand Surg 10: 399–402
Louis, D.S., Greene, T.L., Noellert, R.C., (1985) Complications of carpal tunnel surgery. J Neurosurg 62: 352–356
Lundborg, G., (1970) Ischemic nerve injury. Experimental studies on intraneural microvascular pathophysiology and nerve function in a limb subjected to temporary circulatory arrest. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 6 [Suppl]
Lundborg, G., (1975) Structure and function of the intraneural micro vessels as related to trauma, edema formation, and nerve function. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 57: 938–948
Lundborg, G., (1980) Intraneural microcirculation and peripheral nerve barriers: Techniques for evaluation — clinical implications. In: Omer, G.E., Spinner, M., (eds) Management of peripheral nerve problems. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 903–916
Lundborg, G., Brânemark, P.I., (1968) Microvascular structure and function of peripheral nerves. Vital microscopic studies of the tibial nerve in the rabbit. Adv Microcirc 1: 66–88
MacDonald, R.I., Lichtman, D.M., Hanlon, J.J., Wilson, J.N., (1978) Complications of surgical release for carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg 3: 70–76
Mackinnon, S.E., Hudson, A.R., Gentili, F., Kline, D.G., Hunter, D., (1982) Peripheral nerve injection injury with steroid agents. Plast Reconstr Surg 69: 482–489
Marie, P., Foix, C., (1913) Atrophie isolée de l’éminence thénar d’origine névritique: Rôle du ligament annulaire antérieur du carpe dans la pathogénie de la lésion. Rev Neurol 26: 647–649
Martini, A.K., Solz, H., (1983) Die interfaszikuläre Neurolyse: Indikation, Effekt und Gewebsreaktion (klinische und tierexperimentelle Studie). Handchirurgie [Suppl] 15: 29–32
Miller, R.G., Hummel, E.E., (1980) The cubital tunnel syndrome: Treatment with simple decompression. Ann Neurol 7: 567–569
Moldaver, J., (1954) Tourniquet paralysis syndrome. Arch Surg 68: 136–144
Neary, D., Ochoa, J., Gilliatt, R.W., (1975) Sub-clinical entrapment neuropathy in man. J Neurol Sci 24: 283–298
Nigst, H., (1981) Zum Platz der Mikrochirurgie in der operativen Behandlung der Kompressionssyndrome an der oberen Extremität. Ther Umsch 38: 1208–1216
Ochoa, J., Fowler, T.J., Gilliatt, R.W., (1972) Anatomical changes in peripheral nerves compressed by a pneumatic tourniquet. J Anat 113: 433–455
Omer, G.E., ( 1980 a) Tendon transfers for reconstruction of the forearm and hand following peripheral nerve injuries. In: Omer, G,E., Spinner, M., (eds) Management of peripheral nerve problems. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 817–846
Omer, G.E., ( 1980 b) Tendon transfers as reconstructive procedures in the leg and foot. In: Omer, G.E., Spinner, M., (eds) Management of peripheral nerve problems. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 873–880
Paine, K.W.E., (1970) Tardy ulnar palsy. Can J Surg 13: 255–261
Pechan, J., Kredba, J., ( 1980 a) Treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome by means of local administration of cortisonoids. I. Short-term follow-up. Acta Univ Carol Med 26: 125–133
Pechan, J., Kredba, J., ( 1980 b) Treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome by means of local administration of cortisonoids. II. Long-term follow-up. Acta Univ Carol Med 26: 135–140
Peet, R.M., Hendrickson, J.D., Anderson, T.P., Martin, G.M., (1956) Thoracic outlet syndrome: Evaluation of a therapeutic exercise program. Mayo Clin Proc 31: 281–287
Pencek, T.L., Schauf, C.L., Low, P.A., Eisenberg, B.R., Davis, F.A., (1980) Disruption of the perineurium in amphibian peripheral nerve: Morphology and physiology. Neurology 30: 593–599
Phalen, G.S., (1970) Reflections on 21 years experience with the carpal tunnel syndrome. JAMA 212: 1365–1367
Phalen, G.S., (1972) The carpal tunnel syndrome. Clinical evaluation of 598 hands. Clin Orthop 83: 29–40
Phalen, G.S., (1981) The birth of a syndrome, or carpal tunnel revisited (editorial). J Hand Surg 6: 109–110
Posch, L., Prpic, I., (1975) Surgical treatment of the carpal tunnel syndrome. Handchirurgie 7: 95–98
Ramamurthy, S., (1982) Anesthesia. In: Green, D.P., (ed) Operative hand surgery. Churchill & Livingstone, New York, pp 23–54
Rengachary, S.S., (1985) Entrapment neuropathies. In: Wilkins, R.H., Rengachary, S.S., (eds) Neurosurgery. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 1771–1795
Richter, H-P., Ketelsen, U.P., (1982) Impairment of motor recovery after late nerve suture: Experimental study in the rabbit. Part 2: Morphological findings. Neurosurgery 10: 75–85
Roffe, J.L., Magalon, G., Decaillet, J.M., Latil, F., Bureau, H., (1981) Le syndrome du canal carpien. Aspects étiologiques et thérapeutiques actuels. 250 malades opérés et revus. Nouv Presse Med 10: 1205–1208
Rydevik, B., Lundborg, G., Nordborg, C., (1976) Intraneural tissue reactions by internal neurolysis. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 10: 3–8
Said, G., (1976) Renflement fusiforme d’origine mécanique d’un nerf périphérique. Étude anatomique. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 35: 47–54
Samii, M., (1976) Intraneurale Neurolyse des Nervus medianus beim Karpaltunnelsyndrom. Handchirurgie 8: 117–119
Sandzen, S.C. Jr., (1981) Carpal tunnel syndrome. Am Fam Physician 24: 190–204
Saunders, K.C., Louis, D.L., Weingarden, S.I., Waylonis, G.W., (1979) Effect of tourniquet time on postoperative quadriceps function. Clin Orthop Relat Res 143: 194–199
Schink, W., (1983) Motorische Ersatzoperationen nach Nerven Verletzungen In: Nigst, H., Buck-Gramcko, D., Millesi, M., (Hrsg) Handchirurgie, Bd II. Thieme, Stuttgart, S. 40.1–40.23
Seddon, H.J., (1943) Three types of nerve injury. Brain 66: 237–288
Semple, J.C., Cargill, A.O., (1969) Carpal tunnel syndrome. Results of surgical decompression. Lancet 1: 918–919
Shizukuishi, S., Nishii, S., Ellis, J., Folkers, K., (1980) The carpal tunnel syndrome as a probable primary deficiency of vitamin B6 rather than a deficiency of a dependency state. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 95: 1126–1130
Sjöstrand, J., Rydevik, B., Lundborg, G., McLean, W.G., (1980) Effects of graded compression on axonal transport and nerve barriers. In: Jewett, D.L., McCarroll, H.R., (eds) Nerve repair and regeneration. Its clinical and experimental basis. Mosby, St. Louis, pp 90–94
Snell, N.J., Coysh, H.L., Snell, B.J., (1980) Carpal tunnel syndrome presenting in the puerperium. Practioner 224: 191–193
Spinner, M., (1978) Injuries to the major branches of peripheral nerves of the forearm, 2nd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia
Spinner, M., (1980) Management of nerve compression lesions of the upper extremity. In: Omer, G.E., Spinner, M., (eds) Management of peripheral nerve problems. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 569–592
Spinner, M., (1984) Management of nerve compression lesions. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Instr Course Lect 33: 498–512
Stevens, M., (1957) Meralgia paresthetica. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 77: 557–574
Stöhr, M., Reill, P., (1980) Chronic compression syndrome of the radial nerve above the elbow (letter). Muscle Nerve 3: 446–447
Sunderland, S., (1945) The intraneural topography of the radial, median and ulnar nerves. Brain 68: 243–299
Sunderland, S., (1951) A classification of peripheral nerve injuries producing loss of function. Brain 74: 491–516
Sunderland, S., (1976) The nerve lesion in the carpal tunnel syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 39: 615–626
Sunderland, S., (1978) Nerves and nerve injuries, 2nd edn. Churchill & Livingstone, Edinburgh
Thomas, P.K., Fullerton, P.M., (1963) Nerve fibre size in the carpal tunnel syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 26: 520–527
Tubiana, R., (1985) The use of the tourniquet. In: Tubiana, R., (ed) The hand, vol II. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 31–37
Vincent-Espinasse, J., Le Goaziou, F., (1985) Anesthesia in surgery of the hand. In: Tubiana, R., (ed) The hand, vol II. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 18–30
Weiss, P., (1944) Endoneurial edema in constricted nerve. Anat Rec 86: 491–522
Wolaniuk, A., Vadhanavikit, S., Folkers, K., (1983) Electromyographic data differentiate patients with the carpal tunnel syndrome when double blindly treated with pyridoxine and placebo. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 41: 501–511
Yates, S.K., Hurst, L.N., Brown, W.F., (1981) Physiological observations in the median nerve during carpal tunnel surgery. Ann Neurol 10: 227–229
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tackman, W., Richter, HP., Stöhr, M. (1989). Therapeutische Möglichkeiten, Grundlagen und Richtlinien. In: Kompressionssyndrome peripherer Nerven. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71768-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71768-0_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-71769-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-71768-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive