Skip to main content
  • 192 Accesses

Abstract

By far the best-characterized factor affecting nerve growth is the nerve growth factor (NGF), identified in 1956 by Cohen and Levi-Montalcini (for review, see Thoenen and Barde 1980), and subsequently sequenced and cloned. The purified protein has three major effects on sympathetic and sensory neurons cultured at appropriate development stages: it is required for cell survival, and enhances neurite outgrowth and neurotransmitter synthesis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bennett MR, Lai K, Nurcombe V (1980) Identification of embryonic motoneurons in vitro: their survival is dependent on skeletal muscle. Brain Res 190: 537–542

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown MC, Holland RL (1979) A central role for denervated tissues in causing nerve sprouting. Nature 282: 724–726

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown MC, Holland RL, Hopkins WG (1981) Motor nerve sprouting. Annu Rev Neurosci 4: 17–42

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calof AL, Reichardt LF (1984) Motoneurons purified by cell sorting respond to two distinct activities in myotube-conditioned medium. Dev Biol 106: 194–210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dribin LB, Barrett JN (1982) Two components of conditioned medium increase neuritic outgrowth from rat spinal cord explants. J Neurosci Res 8: 271–280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebendal T, Olson L, Seiger A, Hedlund KO (1980) Nerve growth factors in the rat iris. Nature 286: 25–28

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giller EL, Neale JH, Bullock PN, Schrier BK, Nelson PG (1977) Choline acetyltransferase activity of spinal cord cell cultures increased by co-culture with muscle and by muscle-conditioned medium. J Cell Biol 74: 16–29

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gundersen RW, Park KHC (1984) The effects of conditioned media on spinal neuntes: substrate-associated changes in neurite direction and adherence. Dev Biol 104: 18–27

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gurney ME (1984) Suppression of terminal sprouting at the neuromuscular junction by immune sera. Nature 307: 546–548

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gurney ME, Apatoff B (1984) Activity of a muscle-derived growth factor for spinal neurons in vitro and in vivo. Soc Neurosci Abstr 10: 1051

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamburger V (1958) Regression versus peripheral control of differentiation in motor hypoplasia. Am J Anat 102: 365–410

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson CE (1983) Roles for retrograde factors in synapse formation at the nerve-muscle junction. Prog Brain Res 58: 369–373

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson CE, Huchet M, Changeux JP (1981) Neurite outgrowth from embryonic spinal neurons is promoted by media conditioned by muscle cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 2625–2629

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson CE, Huchet M, Changeux JP (1983) Denervation increases a neurite-promoting activity in extracts of skeletal muscle. Nature 302: 609–611

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson CE, Huchet M, Changeux JP (1984) Neurite-promoting activities for embryonic spinal neurons and their developmental changes in the chick. Dev Biol 104: 336–347

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson CE, Benoit P, Huchet M, Guénet JL, Changeux JP (1986) Increase of neurite-promoting activity for spinal neurons in muscles of “paralysé” mice and tenotomised rats. Dev Brain Res 25: 65–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendry IA (1976) Control in the development of the vertebrate sympathetic nervous system. Rev Neurosci 2: 149–194

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill MA, Bennett MR (1983) Cholinergic growth factor from skeletal muscle elevated following denervation. Neurosci Lett 35: 31–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollyday M, Hamburger V (1976) Reduction of the naturally occurring motor neuron loss by enlargement of the periphery. J Comp Neurol 170: 311–320

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korsching S, Thoenen H (1983) Nerve growth factor in sympathetic ganglia and corresponding target organs of the rat: correlation with density of sympathetic innervation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 3513–3516

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lander AD, Fujii D, Gospadorowicz D, Reichardt LF (1982) Characterization of a factor that promotes neurite outgrowth: evidence linking activity to a heparan sulfate proteoglycan. J Cell Biol 94: 574–585

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levi-Montalcini R, Booker B (1960) Destruction of the sympathetic ganglia in mammals by an antiserum to the nerve-growth promoting factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 42: 384–391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis J, Chevallier A, Kieny M, Wolpert L (1981) Muscle nerve branches do not develop in chick wings devoid of muscle. J Embryol Exp Morphol 64: 211–232

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Longo FM, Manthorpe M, Varon S (1982) Spinal cord neuronotrophic factors. I. Bioassay of schwannoma and other conditioned media. Dev Brain Res 3: 277–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nix WA (1982) The effect of low-frequency electrical stimulation on the denervated extensor digitorum longus muscle of the rabbit. Acta Neurol Scand 66: 521–528

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nix WA (1986) Maintenance of muscle integrity following denervation. In: Dimitrijevic M, Kakulas BA, Vrbová G (eds) Recent achievements in restorative neurology. vol 3. Karger, Basel (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pittman RH, Oppenheim RW (1978) Neuromuscular blockade increase motoneurone survival during normal cell death in the chick embryo. Nature 271: 364–366

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pollack ED, Muhlach WL, Liebig V (1981) Neurotropic influence of mesenchymal limb target tissue on spinal cord neurite growth in vitro. J Comp Neurol 177: 87–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelton DL, Reichardt LF (1984) Expression of the ß-NGF gene correlates with the density of sympathetic innervation in effector organs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 7951–7955

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slack JR, Pockett S (1982) Motor neurotrophic factor in denervated adult skeletal muscle. Brain Res 247: 138–140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka H, Obata K (1982) Survival and neurite outgrowth of chick embryo spinal cord cells in serum-free culture. Dev Brain Res 4: 313–321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thoenen H, Barde Y-A (1980) Physiology of nerve growth factor. Physiol Rev 60: 1284–1335

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Henderson, C.E. (1986). Factors Influencing Motor Nerve Growth. In: Nix, W.A., Vrbová, G. (eds) Electrical Stimulation and Neuromuscular Disorders. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71337-8_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71337-8_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-71339-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-71337-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics