Psychosocial Stress and Its Pathophysiological Effects in Tree Shrews (Tupaia belangeri)

Abstract

Every animal species has its own typical social structure, which can change predictably under the influence of certain factors (e.g. food availability, reproductive cycle, number of individuals) but which is, in general, constant. The form taken by the social structure is determined and also maintained by the continual contact between animals. Each individual in a society is thus a part of every other individual’s environment and continually exerts an effect on them, both from a behavioural and physiological point of view. Changes in the social relationships between animals (e. g. because of an increase in animal numbers or a change in rank order) thus have an effect on the physiological state of the individuals either positively or negatively, depending on the situation. This paper will illustrate some of these effects in tree shrews, especially those related to behaviour and physical health as a result of confrontation.