Abstract
Light energy absorbed during the primary processes of photosynthesis is transduced into electronic energy and, after charge separation in the reaction centers (RC), into the energy of the electrochemical protongradient (energy trapping, Clayton and Sistrom 1978). The majority of the pigment molecules of the photosynthesis apparatus serve as light harvesters. They are specifically bound and oriented within the light-harvesting, or antenna pigment-protein complexes. In these light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes, the pigment molecules are excited by photons. In a nonradiating-induced resonance transfer process leading up to the reaction centers, they transfer the excitation energy to other pigment molecules which are excited in turn. This fast process has an efficiency of almost 100%. The function and with it also the spectroscopic properties (absorption and fluorescence emission) of the light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes and pigments depends on the polypeptide components (see Sauer, Chap. 2; Scheer, Chap. 7.6, both this Vol.). These polypeptides determine: (a) the specific binding of the pigment molecules (type, number, position, distance and orientation) and thus also the specific interaction of the pigments for energy transfer; (b) the specific polypeptide environment of the pigment molecule (functional state, basis of the spectral shift); (c) the structural organization (architecture) of the pigment-protein complexes (intramolecular arrangement of polypeptides within the complex and intermolecular organization of the complexes on the basis of polypeptide-polypeptide (polypeptide-lipid) interactions).
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Zuber, H., Cogdell, R.J., Gantt, E., Anderson, J.M., Barrett, J. (1986). Comparative Biochemistry of Light-Harvesting Systems. In: Staehelin, L.A., Arntzen, C.J. (eds) Photosynthesis III. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 19. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70936-4_6
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