Abstract
The impact of an environmental change on an organism is realized as alterations to various physiological, cellular or biochemical steady-states. If the organism in its altered condition is significantly less fitted for survival, growth and reproduction, then it is said to be under stress. The stress response is defined as a measurable alteration of a functional steady-state which is induced by an environmental change and which renders the individual (or the population) more vulnerable to further environmental change.
The biological effects of pollutant-induced stress may therefore be measured as altered steady-states at different levels of functional complexity. This presentation considers biological stress responses at the molecular, subcellular and cellular levels of organisation, with particular emphasis on the use of marine mussels and other molluscs as sentinel organisms for assessing pollutant effects. These will include responses of the microsomal detoxication system to organic xenobiotics, functional responses of lysosomes to xenobiotics (organic and inorganic), genotoxicity measured using an index of chromosomal damage, and finally quantitative structural alterations in the cells of the digestive system. Where possible these indices are discussed in an integrated manner. Other factors such as biological significance, sensitivity, precision, interactive effects of multiple xenobiotics, ease of application and cost of the indices are also taken into consideration.
The use of molecular and cellular indices as a system of diagnostic test is discussed in two parts. First, there is the theoretical background and rationale for all the indices considered, which includes the criteria for the selection of sentinel animals. Second, there is the practical application of the above indices to assessment of pollutant effects in real environmental situations; this includes examples of their successful implementation.
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Moore, M.N. (1986). Molecular and Cellular Indices of Pollutant Effects. In: Giam, C.S., Dou, H.JM. (eds) Strategies and Advanced Techniques for Marine Pollution Studies. NATO ASI Series, vol 9. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70871-8_22
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70871-8_22
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