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Calcium and Platelet Function

  • Chapter
Calcium and Cell Physiology

Abstract

The platelet plays a central role in the hemostatic processes that protect the body against the consequences of traumatic damage to blood vessels. Bleeding is arrested by platelets which form a hemostatic plug at the site of vascular injury, promote coagulation to stabilize the plug, and release potent vasoactive substances. The platelet is both a contractile and a secretory cell. An extraordinary variety of biologically active molecules are released from several types of secretory vesicles. The initial responses to stimulation result in changes in cell shape which increase surface area and provide a surface that promotes adhesion to the subendothelium and activation of coagulant factors. Activated platelets also stick to each other to form aggregates, elaborate biologically potent lipid metabolites, and release the contents of their secretory granules, including agglutinin activities on the platelet surface and into the surrounding medium. In common with other secretory and contractile cells, Ca2+ may play the role of a second messenger in platelets that links receptor activation by extracellular agonists to response (Detwiler et al. 1978; Gerrard et al. 1981; Feinstein et al. 1981). Platelet functions can also be controlled by cyclic AMP which serves as a second messenger mediating the inhibition of activation (Haslam et al. 1978; Feinstein et al. 1981).

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Abbreviations

Ptdlns:

1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-L-myo-inositol)

PtdIns4P:

1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl-inositol)-L-myo-inositol-4-phosphate

Ptdlns4,5P2 :

I-(3-sn-phosphatidylinositol)-L-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate

Quin-2:

the tetraanion of Quin-2-tetra (acetoxymethyl) ester

EGTA:

ethylene-glycol bis β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid

TXA2:

thromboxane A2

PGE1, PGD2, PGI2 :

prostaglandins E1, D2 and I2 (prostacyclin)

PS:

phosphatidylserine

OAG:

1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol

DG:

1,2-diacylglycerol

PA:

phosphatidic acid

IP3:

inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA

    G. B. Zavoico

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  1. M. B. Feinstein
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  2. S. P. Halenda
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  3. G. B. Zavoico
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  1. Gödecke Research Institute, Gödecke AG, Mooswaldallee 1–9, 7800, Freiburg, Germany

    Dieter Marmé

  2. Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 7800, Freiburg, Germany

    Dieter Marmé

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Feinstein, M.B., Halenda, S.P., Zavoico, G.B. (1985). Calcium and Platelet Function. In: Marmé, D. (eds) Calcium and Cell Physiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70070-5_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70070-5_18

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