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Archaean Geochemistry pp 204–234Cite as

Radiometric Ages (Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Pb) and REE Geochemistry of Archaean Granulite Gneisses from Eastern Hebei Province, China

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Abstract

The granulite gneisses and their retrograded products of the Qianxi Group from eastern Hebei Province, China, have been investigated for their isotope and trace element geochemistry. A consistent age of about 2.5 Ga has been obtained by the Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd whole-rock isochron methods, in agreement with the zircon U-Pb data (Pidgeon 1980; Liu et al. 1984). Geochemical arguments from initial isotopic ratios (ISr and INd) and elemental distribution patterns have led us to conclude that this age of about 2.5 Ga represents the time of granulite facies metamorphism, which must have followed closely the primary emplacement of the gneiss protoliths. Previous claims for early Archaean ages (⩾3.5 Ga) of these granulites are not substantiated. The mineral isotope systematics register an important thermal event at about 1.7 Ga, roughly corresponding to the time of the widespread Luliang Orogeny (Ma and Wu 1981) or Chungtiao Movement (Huang 1978).

The granulites of the Qianxi Group have diverse compositions ranging from ultrabasic through basic-intermediate to acid. Discriminant function calculations suggest that most analyzed samples have an igneous parentage. Only a few show characteristics of metasedimentary rocks. The igneous protoliths apparently belong to two series — tholeiitic and calc-alkaline, with the latter dominating in abundance. The majority of the acid granulites have compositions corresponding to tonalite-granodiorite.

Except for ultrabasic and metasedimentary rocks, all REE patterns are significantly fractionated with LREE enrichment. The degree of fractionation, as measured by the (La/Yb)N ratios, is most pronounced in the acid granulites. These rocks often show positive Eu anomalies and HREE depletions that are typical of Archaean TTG rocks (tonalite-trondhjemite-grandiorite). The LREE enriched patterns of the basic granulites may suggest an origin of their protoliths by partial melting of LREE-enriched mantle sources. On the other hand, the REE patterns of acid granulites suggest that their protoliths could be derived by partial melting of quartz eclogite, amphibolite or basic granulite.

The close time relationship for a series of geologic events, namely from initial melting of mantle peridotites, through fractional crystallization of basaltic magmas, to granulite facies metamorphism, seems to characterize many granulite terrains. This relationship, together with the juxtaposition of lithologies of different origins and the exceptionally high pressure conditions (>10 kb), can best be explained by crustal underplating combined with intracrustal thin-skinned thrusting and stacking of crustal slices.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Géologie, CAESS, Université de Rennes, 35042, Rennes Cédex, France

    B.-M. Jahn

  2. Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Institute of Geology, Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing, China

    Z.-Q. Zhang

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  1. B.-M. Jahn
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  1. Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Mainz, Saarstraße 21, 6500, Mainz, Germany

    A. Kröner

  2. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 11794, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    G. N. Hanson

  3. Department of Geology, University of Toronto, M5S 1A1, Toronto, Ontorio, Canada

    A. M. Goodwin

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Jahn, BM., Zhang, ZQ. (1984). Radiometric Ages (Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Pb) and REE Geochemistry of Archaean Granulite Gneisses from Eastern Hebei Province, China. In: Kröner, A., Hanson, G.N., Goodwin, A.M. (eds) Archaean Geochemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70001-9_10

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