Abstract
Crop water requirement and irrigation water quality are two primary parameters that have to be considered in order to ensure proper water management for salinity control. Correct irrigation restores the soil water deficit and avoids the application of a wasteful and potentially harmful excess. Some excess water (irrigation plus rainfall) is needed to control soil salinity. Soluble salts contained in irrigation water are concentrated in the soil solution as a result of soil evaporation and plant transpiration. When more water is applied than is used during a crop season and adequate drainage exists, net water movement is downward and salts are leached from the root zone.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References to Chapter 6
Amoozegar-Fard A, Nielsen DR, Warrick AW (1982) Soil solute concentration distribution for spatially varying pore water velocities and apparent diffusion coefficients. Soil Sci Soc Am J 46: 3–8
Ayers RS, Tanji KK (1981) Agronomic aspects of crop irrigation with waste water. Proc Spec Conf, Water Forum, 81.1: 578–586
Biggar JW, Nielsen DR (1976) Spatial variability of the leaching characteristics of a field soil. Water Resour Res 12: 78–84
Boumans JH (1979) Drainage calculation in stratified soils using the anisotropic soil model to simulate conductivity conditions. Proc Int Drain Worksh, ILRI Publ 25. Wageningen, pp 108–123
Breaster C (1973) Moisture variation at the soil surface and the advance of the wetting front during infiltration at constant flux. Water Resour Res 9: 687–694
Bresler E (1973) Simultaneous transport of solutes and water under transient unsaturated flow conditions. Water Resour Res 9: 975–986
Bresler E, Dagan G (1979) Solute dispersion in unsaturated heterogeneous soil at field scale. II. Applications. Soil Sci Soc Am J 13: 467–472
Bresler E, Dagan G (1981) Convective and pore scale disperative solute transport in unsaturated heterogeneous field. Water Resour Res 17: 1683–1693
Bresler E, McNeal BL, Carter DL (1982) Saline and sodic soils: principles - dynamics - modeling. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Chang AC, Skaggs RW, Hermsmeier LF, Johnston WR (1983) Evaluation of a water management model for irrigated agriculture. Trans ASAE (in press)
Chapman HD (1966) Diagnostic criteria for plants and soils. Div Agric Sci, Univ Calif
Colding LA (1972) Om lovene for vandets bevaegelse i jorden. Danske Vidensk Selsk Skr 5. Raekke, Nat V Og Math Afd 9B: 563–621
Dagan G, Bresler E (1979) Solute transport in unsaturated heterogeneous soil at field scale. I. Theory. Soil Sci Soc Am J 43: 461–467
Delhomme JP (1978) Kriging in the hydrosciences. Adv Water Resour 1: 251–266
Delhomme JP (1979) Spatial variability and uncertainty in ground water flow parameters. A geostatistical approach. Water Resour Res 15: 269–280
De Smedt F, Wierenga PJ (1978) Approximate analytical solution for solute flow during infiltration and redistribution. Soil Sci Soc Am J 42: 407–412
De Wiest RJM (1965) History of Dupuit-Forchheimer assumptions on groundwater hydraulics. Soc Agric Eng Trans 8(4): 508–516, 519
Dieleman PJ, Trafford BD (1976) Drainage testing. Irrig Drain Pap 28. FAO, Rome
Doering EJ, Benz LC, Reichman GT (1982) Shallow-water-table concept for drainage design in semiarid and sub-humid regions. Proc 4 th Nat Drain Symp. Am Soc Agric Eng, pp 34–41
Dumm LD, Winger RJ (1964) Subsurface drainage system design for irrigated area using transient-flow concept. Am Soc Agric Eng Trans 7 (2): 147–151
Durnford DS, Podmore TH, Richardson EV (1982) Drainage: An incremental net benefit approach for optimal design. Proc 4 th Nat Drain Symp. Am Soc Agric Eng, pp 42–49
Dutt GR, Terkeltoub RW, Rauschkolb RS (1972) Prediction of gypsum and leaching requirements for sodium-affected soils. Soil Sci 114: 93–103
Francois LE (1981) Alfalfa management under saline conditions with zero leaching. Agron J 73: 1042–1046
Freeze RA (1975) A stochastic conceptual analysis of one-dimensional ground water flow in non-uniform heterogeneous media. Water Resour Res 11: 725–741
Gelhar LW, Gutjahr AL; Naff RL (1979) Stochastic analysis of macrodispersion in a stratified aquifier. Water Resour Res 15: 1387–1397
Hoffman GJ, van Genuchten MT (1982) Efficient water management for salinity control. In: Taylor HM, Jordan W, Sinclair T (eds) Efficient water use in crop production. Agron Soc Monogr
Hooghoudt SB (1940) Bijdragen tot de kennis van eenige natuurkundige grootheden van den grond, 7. Algemeene beschouwing van het probleem van de detail ontwatering en de infiltratie door middel van parallel loopende drains, greppels, slooten en kanalen. Versl Landbouwkd Onderz 45: 515–707
Journel AG, Huijbregts CJ (1978) Mining geostatistics. Academic Press, London New York
Jury WA (1984) field scale water and solute transport through unsaturated soil. In: Soil salinity under irrigation - processes and management conference. Bet Dagan, Israel, March 25–29. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Jury WA, Fluhler H, Stolzy LH (1977) Influence of soil properties, leaching fraction and plant water uptake on solute concentration distribution. Water Resour Res 13: 645–650
Jury WA, Frenkel H, Stolzy LH (1978) Transient changes in the soil water system from irrigation with sahne water. I. Theory. Soil Sci Soc Am J 42: 579–585
Kincaid DC, Kruse EG, Duke HR, Champion DF (1979) Computed evapotranspiration to estimate leaching fractions. Trans ASAE 22 (2): 310–319
Kirkham D, Prunty L (1977) Upslope recharge, downslope waterlogging and interceptor drains. Proc 3 rd Nat Drain Symp. Am Soc Agric Eng, pp 40–50, 54
Kirkham D, Toksöz S, van der Ploeg RR (1974) Steady flow to drains and wells. In: van Schilfgaarde J (ed) Drainage for agriculture. Agronomy 17: 203–244
Krayenhoff van de Leur DA (1958) A study of nonsteady groundwater flow with special reference to a reservoir-coefficient. Ingenieur 70B: 87–94
Kruse EG (1977) Final Report - Alleviation of slat load in irrigation water return flow of the upper Colorado River Basin. Bur Reclam Contr 14-06-400-5942
Lagace R, Skaggs RW, Parsons JE (1982) Predicting water table drawdown for two-dimensional drainage. Proc 4 th Nat Drain Symp. Am Soc Agric Eng, pp 6–14
Longenecker DE, Lyerly PJ (1974) Control of soluble salts in farming and gardening. Tex Agric Exp Stat Bull B-876: 8
Lumley JL, Panofsky A (1964) The structure of atmospheric turbulence. John Wiley, New York
Maas EV, Hoffman GJ (1979) Crop salt tolerance - current assessment. J Irrig Drain ASCE 103: 115–134
Matheron G (1973) The intrinsic random functions and their applications. Adv Appl Probab 5: 438–468
McWhorter DB, Duke HR (1976) Transient drainage with nonlinearity and capillarity. J Irrig Drain ASCE 102 (IR2): 193–204
Nielsen DR, Biggar JW, Erh KT (1973) Spatial variability of field-measured soil water properties. Hilgardia 42: 215–259
Oosterbaan OJ (1982) Crop yield, soil salinity and water table depth in Pakistan. Annu Rep, Int Inst Land Reclam Improv, Wageningen, pp 50–54
Oster JD (1982) Plant water uptake; or, how do plants integrate? Soil Water 52: 11–13
Oster JD, Rhoades JD (1975) Calculated drainage water compositions and salt burdens resulting from irrigation with river waters in the western Unites States. J Environ Qual 4: 73–79
Oster JD, Rhoades JD (1977) Various indices for evaluating the effective salinity and sodicity of irrigation waters. Proc Int Salinity Conf. Tex Techn Univ, Aug 1976, Lubbock, pp 1–14
Oster JD, Schroer FW (1979) Infiltration as influenced by irrigation water quality. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 43: 444–447
Oster JD, Wood JD (1977) Hydro-salinity models: Sensitivity to input variables. Proc Nat Conf Irrig Return Flow Qual Manag, May 1977, Fort Collins, CO, pp 253–259
Oster JD, Willardson LS, van Schilfgaarde J, Goertzen JO (1976) Irrigation control using tensiometers and salinity sensors. Trans ASAE 19 (2): 294–298
Peck AJ (1978) Note on the role of a shallow aquifer in dryland salinity. Aust J Soil Res 16: 237–240
Raats PAC (1974) Steady flows of water and salt in uniform soil profiles with plant roots. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 38: 717–722
Raats PAC (1975) Distribution of salts in the root zone. J Hydrol 27: 237–248
Raats PAC (1978) Convective transport of solutes by steady flows. I.General theory. II. Specific flow problems. Agric Water Manag 1 (3): 201–298
Raats PAC (1981) Residence times of water and solutes within and below the root zone. Agric Water Manag 4: 63–82
Rhoades JD (1977) Potential for using saline agricultural drainage waters for irrigation. Proc Conf Water Manag Irrig Drain, July 1977 ASCE, Reno, pp 85–116
Rhoades JD (1979) Monitoring soil salinity: A review of methods. In: Everett LG, Schmidt KD (eds) Establishment of water quality monitoring programs. Am Water Resour Assoc, St Anthony Falls Hydraul Lab, Minneapolis, pp 150–165
Rhoades JD (1980) Determining leaching fraction from field measurments of soil electrical conductivity. Agric Water Manag 3: 205–215
Rhoades JD (1982) Reclamation and management of salt affected soil after drainage. Proc 1 st Annu West Provine Conf. Rationalization of water and soil research and management, 29 Nov-2 Dec 1982, Lethbridge, Alberta, Can, p 123
Rhoades JD, Corwin DL (1981) Determining soil electrical conductivity - depth relations using an inductive electromagnetic soil conductivity meter. Soil Sci Soc Am J 45: 255–260
Rhoades JD, Merrill SD (1976) Assessing the suitability of water for irrigation: Theoretical and empirical approaches. FAO Soil Bull 31: 69–109
Rhoades JD, Oster JD, Ingvalson RD, Tucker JM, Clark M (1974) Minimizing the salt burdens of irrigation drainage waters. J Environ Qual 3: 311–316
Rhoades JD, Corwin DL, Hoffman GJ (1981) Scheduling and controlling irrigations from measurements of soil electrical conductivity. Proc ASAE Irrig Sched Conf, 14 Dec 1981, Chicago, pp 106–115
Richards LA (1966) A salinity sensor of improved design. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 30: 333–337
Robbins CW, Wagenet RJ, Jurinak JJ (1980) A combined salt transport chemical equilibrium model for calcareous and gypsiferous soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44: 1191–1194
Russo D (1983) A geostatistical approach to the trickle irrigation design in hetergeneous soil. I. Theory. Water Resour Res 19: 632–642
Russo D (1984) A geostatistical approach to the solute transport in heterogeneous fields and its applications to salinity management. Water Resour Res 20
Russo D, Bresler E (1981 a) Soil hydraulic properties of stochastic processes. I. Analysis of field spatial variability. Soil Sci Soc Am J 45: 682–687
Russo D, Bresler E (1981 b) Effect of field variability in soil hydraulic properties on solutions of unsaturated water and salt flows. Soil Sci Soc Am J 45: 675–682
Russo D, Bresler E (1982) A univariate versus a multivariate parameter distribution in a stochastic conceptual analysis of unsaturated flow. Water Resour Res 18: 483–488
Shainberg I, Letey J (1983) Response of soils to sodic and saline conditions. Hilgardia, vol 52, No 2
Skaggs RW (1980) A water management model for artificially drained soils. Techn Bull 2527, NC Agric Res Serv, NC State Univ, Raleigh
Skaggs RW, Nassehzadeh-Tabrizi A (1982) Optimizing drainage system design for corn. Proc 4 th Nat Drain Symp, Am Soc Agric Eng, pp 50–61
Strzepek KM, Wilson JL, Marks DH (1982) Planning and design of agricultural drainage under uncertainty: A dynamic multilevel approach. Ralph M Parsons, Mass Inst Technol, Cambridge, MA, Rep 281
Suarez DL (1981) Relationship between pHc and SAR and an alternative method of estimating SAR of soil or drainage water. Soil Sci Soc Am J 45: 469–475
Suarez DL, Rhoades JD (1982) The apparent solubility of calcium carbonate in soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 46: 716–722
Talsma T (1963) The control of saline groundwater. Meded Landbouwhogesch, Wageningen 63 (10): 1–68
Tanji KK (1969) Predicting specific conductance from electrolyte properties and ion association in some aqueous solutions. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 33: 887–890
Tanji KK, Doneen LD, Ferry GV, Ayers RS (1972) Computer simulation analysis on reclamation of salt-affected soils in San Joaquin Valley, California. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 36: 127–133
US Salinity Laboratory Staff (1981) Minimizing salts in return flow through irrigation management. Final Report, interagency project EPA-1AG-D6-0370. Robert S Kerr, Environ Res Lab, USEPA, AdA, OK
van Schilfgaarde J (ed) (1974) Drainage for agriculture. Agronomy 17, Am Soc Agrono, Madison WI
van Schilfgaarde J (1976) Water management and salinity. FAO Soil Bull 31: 53–67
van Schilfgaarde J, Rhoades JD (1983) Water quality in relation to irrigated agriculture. In: Engelbert EA (ed) Impacts of limited water for agriculture in the arid west. Univ Cal Press
Zaslavsky D (1979) Drainage for salt leaching. Proc Int Drain Workshop, ILRI Publ 25, Wageningen, pp 664–685
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Oster, J.D., van Schilfgaarde, J., Russo, D. (1984). Irrigation Management and Field Salt Balance. In: Shainberg, I., Shalhevet, J. (eds) Soil Salinity under Irrigation. Ecological Studies, vol 51. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69836-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69836-1_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-69838-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-69836-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive