Abstract
After years of exciting research on the products of the HLA complex, it is now possible, using the powerful tools of moleculear biology, to reach the HLA genes themselves. A great deal has been learned recently about the organisation of this complex, including the number of genes in each class, their arrangement in exons and introns, and even their nucleotide sequences [1–3].
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Steinmetz M, Hood L (1983) Genes of the major histocompatibility complex in mouse and man. Science 222: 727–733
Kaufman JF, Auffray C, Korman AJ, Shackelford DA, Strominger J (1984) The class II molecules of the human and murine major histocompatibility complex. Cell 36: 1–13
Cohen D, Dausset J (1983) HLA genes polymorphism. In: Proceedings of Fifth Congress of Immunology, Kyoto, August
Sood AK, Pereira D, Weissman SM (1981) Isolation and partial nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone for human histocompatibility antigen HLA-B by use of an oligo-deoxynucleotide primer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 616
Malissen M, Malissen B, Jordan BR (1982) Exon/intron organization and complex nucleotide sequence of an HLA gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 893–897
Ascanio L, Paul P, Narcadet A, Mahouy G, Fradelizi D, Cohen D, Dausset J (1982) Polymorphisme des gènes HLA (I): Mise en évidence d’une étroite corrélation entre des fragments d’ADN déterminés par l’enzyme de restriction BglI et des antigènes HLA de classe I. CR Seances Acad Sci (Paris) 295: 433
Orr HT (1983) Use of Southern blotting to analyze the size and restriction fragment polymorphism of HLA class I DNA in the human population. Transplant Proc 15: 1900–1906
Cann HM, Ascanio L, Paul P, Marcadet A, Dausset J, Cohen D (1983) Polymorphic restriction endonuclease fragment segregates and correlates with the gene for HLA-B8. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 1665
Cohen D, Paul P, Font MP, Cohen O, Sayagh B, Mar- cadet A, Busson M, Mahouy G, Cann HM, Dausset J (1983) Analysis of HLA class I genes with restriction endonuclease fragments: implications for polymorphism of the human major histocompatibility complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 6289
Jordan B (1983) Structure and expression of HLA-A gene. Proceedings of Fifth Congress of Immunology Kyoto, August
Lemonnier FA, Dubreuil PC, Layet C, Malissen M, Bourel D, Mercier P, Jabobsen BK, Caillol DH, Svej- gaard A, Kourilsky FM, Jordan BR (1983) Transformation of MLTK- cells with purified HLA class I genes. II. Serological characterization of HLA-A3 and Cw3 molecules. Immunogenetics 18: 65
Barbosa JA, Kamarck ME, Biro PA, Weissman SM, Ruddle FH (1982) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 6327–6331
Korman AJ, Auffray C, Schamboeck A, Strominger JL (1982) The amino acid sequence and gene organization of the heavy chain of the HLA-DR antigen: homology to immunoglobulins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 6013–6017
Larhammar O, Gustafsson K, Claesson L, Bill P, Wiman K, Shenning L, Sundelin J, Widmark E, Peterson PA, Rask L (1982) Alpha chain of HLA-DR transplantation antigens is a member of the same protein superfamily. Cell 30: 153–161
Auffray C, Korman AJ, Roux-Dosseto M, Bono R, Strominger JL (1982) cDNA clone for the heavy chain of the human B cell alloantigen DC1: strong sequence homology to the HLA-DR heavy chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 6337–6341
Lee JL, Trowsdale J, Travers PJ, Carey J, Grosveld F, Jenkins J, Bodmer WF (1982) Sequence of an HLA-DR chain cDNA clone and intron-exon organization of the corresponding gene. Nature 299: 750–752
Auffray C, Ben-Nun A, Roux-Dosseto M, Germain RN, Seidman JG, Strominger JL (1983) Polymorphism and complexity of the human DC and murine la a chain genes. EMBO J2: 121
Trowsdale J, Lee J, Carey J, Grosveld F, Bodmer J, Bodmer W (1983) Sequences related to HLA-DRα chain on human chromosome 6: restriction enzyme polymorphism detected with DC0α chain probes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 1972
Auffray C, Lillie JW, Arnot D, Grossberger D, Kappes D, Strominger JL (1984) Isotypic and allotypic variation of human class II histocompatibility antigen α-chain genes. Nature 308: 327–333
Andersson M, Böhme J, Andersson G, Möller E, Thorsby E, Rask L, Perteson PA (1984) Genomic hybridization with class II transplantation antigen cDNA probes as a complementary technique in tissue typing. Hum Immunol (in press)
Wiman K, Larhammar D, Claesson L, Gustafsson K, Schenning L, Bill P, Böhma J, Denaro M, Dobberstein B, Hämmerling U, Kuist S, Servenius B, Sundelin J, Peterson PA, Rask L (1982) Isolation and identification of a cDNA clone corresponding to an HLA-DR antigen beta chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 1703–1707
Wake CT, Long EO, Mach B (1982) Allelic poly morphism and complexity of the genes for HLA-DR ß -chains direct analysis by DNA-DNA hybridization. Nature 300: 372
Larhammar D, Schenning L, Gustafsson K, Wiman K, Claesson L, Rask L, Peterson PA (1982) Complete amino acid sequence of an HLA-DR antigen-like ß chain as predicted from the nucleotide sequence: similarities with immunoglobulins and HLA-A, -B and -C antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 3687
Long FO, Wake CT, Gorski J, Mach B (1983) Complete sequence of an HLA-DR0ß chain deduced from a cDNA clone and identification of multiple non-allelic DR chain genes. EMBO J 8: 389–394
Larhammar D, Anderson G, Andersson M, Bill P, Böhme J, Claesson J, Denaro M, Emmoth E, Gustafsson K, Hammerling U, Heldin E, Hyldil-Nielsen JJ, Lind P, Schnning L, Servenius B, Widmark E, Rask L, Peterson PA (1983) Molecular analysis of human class II transplantation antigens and their genes. Hum Immunol 8: 95–103
Roux-Dosseto M, Auffray C, Lillie JW, Boss JM, Cohen D, De Mars R, Mawas C, Seidman JG, Strominger JL (1983) Genetic mapping of a human class II antigen ß chain cDNA clone to the SB region of the HLA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 6036
Owerbach D, Lernmark A, Rask L, Peterson PA, Platz P, Svejgaard A (1983) Detection of HLA-D/DR-related DNA polymorphism in HLA-D homozygous typing cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 3758
Gustafsson R, Emmoth E, Widmark E, Böhme J, Peter¬son PA, Rask L (1984) Isolation of a cDNA clone coding for an SB ß -chain. Nature 309: 76–78
Whitehead AS, Woods DE, Fleischnick E, Chin JE, Yunis EJ, Katz AJ, Gerald PS, Alper CA, Colten HR (1984) DNA polymorphism of the C4 genes. A new marker for analysis of the major histocompatibility complex. N Engl J Med 310: 88–91
Carroll MC, Campbell RD, Bentley DR, Porter RR (1984) A molecular map of the human major histocompatibility complex class III region linking complement genes C4, C2 and factor B. Nature 307: 237–240
Marcadet A, Fischer A, Griscelli L, Cohen D, Dausset J (1984) HLA genotyping using DNA probes in two cases of bare lymphocyte syndrome. N Engl J Med (submitted)
Owerbach D, Lernmark A, Platz P, Ryder LP, Rask L, Peterson PA, Ludvigsson J (1983) HLA-D region/ß -chain DNA endonuclease fragments differ between HLA identical healthy and insulin-dependent diabetic individuals. Nature 303: 815
Cohen D, Cohen O, Massart C, Lathrop M, Descamps I, Hors J, Schuller E, Dausset J (1984) HLA class II ßDC DNA restriction fragments differentiate among HLA- DR2 individuals in insulin-dependent diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 1774–1778
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Dausset, J., Cohen, D. (1984). HLA at the Gene Level. In: Albert, E.D., et al. Histocompatibility Testing 1984. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69770-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69770-8_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-69772-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-69770-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive