Zusammenfassung
Unter plötzlichem Herztod versteht man einen natürlichen Tod aus kardialer Ursache, der unerwartet und plötzlich bei anscheinend Gesunden oder Patienten mit stabilem Krankheitszustand eintritt. „Unerwartet“ bedeutet nicht, daß der Betroffene wirklich gesund war, sondern nur, daß zu dem gegebenen Zeitpunkt der Eintritt des Todes nicht zu erwarten war. Der Begriff „plötzlich“ wird auf sehr unterschiedliche Zeitspannen angewandt. Bei solchen Festlegungen ist schon die Bestimmung des Zeitpunktes des Beginns der Symptomatik sehr problematisch. Die Definitionen verschiedener Arbeitsgruppen legen den Zeitraum zwischen Beginn der Symptomatik und Tod bis zu maximal 24 Std fest. Meist wird ein wesentlich kürzerer Zeitraum (bis 1 Std) als zeitliches Limit für das akute Ereignis angenommen (Björck u. Wikland 1972; Simon et al. 1973; Vedin et al. 1973; Kuller 1980; Pisa 1980; Goldstein 1982). Der typische plötzliche Herztod ist ein „Sekundentod“, der innerhalb kürzester Zeit zum Tode führt. Geht man von einer 24 Std-Mortalität als Gesamtzahl der plötzlichen Todesfälle aus, so versterben hiervon etwa 30% „instantan“ (Sekundenherztod) und etwa 50–70% innerhalb 1 Std (Friedman et al. 1973; Simon u. Alonzo 1973; Kuller 1980; Goldstein etal. 1982). Der zeitliche Ablauf erlaubt schon eine wesentliche Aussage über den pathophysiologischen Mechanismus (Hinkle u. Thaler 1982, s.u.).
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Seipel, L., Breithardt, G. (1984). Plötzlicher Herztod. In: Roskamm, H., et al. Koronarerkrankungen. Handbuch der inneren Medizin, vol 9 / 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69451-6_26
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