Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Release of Dissolved Organic Substances in the Course of Phytoplankton Blooms

  • Conference paper
North Sea Dynamics

Abstract

Organic matter in the sea represents a continuous size spectrum, beginning with free, small molecules, macromolecules, colloids and aggregates and ending with planktonic organisms. By arbitrary definition, the fraction passing filters with pore sizes of 0.5 to 1.0 μm is defined as the dissolved fraction (Williams 1975). This fraction constitutes by far the major part of organic matter (DOM) in the sea (Mopper and Degens 1979, Cauwet 1981), more than 60% of which is still unidentified.

JONSDAP ‘76 Contribution No.95

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Allan GG, Lewin J, Johnson PG (1972) Marine polymers. IV. Diatom polysaccharides. Bot Mar 15: 102–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bada JL, Lee D (1977) Decomposition and alteration of organic compounds dissolved in seawater. Mar Chem 5: 523–534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bohling H (1970) Untersuchungen über freie gelöste Aminosäuren in Meerwasser. Mar Biol 6: 213–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bohling H (1972) Gelöste Aminosäuren in Oberflächenwasser der Nordsee bei Helgoland: Konzentrationsveränderungen im Sommer 1970. Mar Biol 16: 281–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brockmann UH, Eberlein K, Junge HD, Trageser H, Trahms KJ (1974) Einfache Folientanks zur Planktonuntersuchung in situ. Mar Biol 24: 163–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brockmann UH, Kattner GG, Hentzschel G, Wandschneider K, Junge HD, Hühnerfuß H (1976) Natürliche Oberflächenfilme im Seegebiet vor Sylt. Mar Biol 36: 135–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brockmann UH, Eberlein K, Hentzschel G, Schöne H, Siebers D, Wandschneider K, Weber A (1977) Parallel plastic tank experiments with cultures of marine diatoms. Helgol Wiss Meeresunters 30: 201–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brockmann UH, Eberlein K, Junge HD, Maier-Reimer E, Siebers D (1979) The development of a natural plankton population in an outdoor tank with nutrient-poor sea water. II. Changes in dissolved carbohydrates and amino acids. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 1: 283–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butler EI, Corner EDS, Marshall SM (1970) On the nutrition and metabolism of Zooplankton. VII. Seasonal survey of nitrogen and phosphorus excretion by Calanus in the Clyde Sea Area. J Mar Biol Ass UK 50: 525–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter EJ, Lively JS (1980) Review of estimates of algal growth using 14C techniques. In: Falkowski PG (ed) Primary productivity in the sea. Environm Sci Res 19, Plenum, New York, p 161–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter PW, Mitterer RM (1978) Amino acid composition of organic compounds associated with carbonate and noncarbonate sediments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42: 1231–1238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cauwet C (1981) Non-living particulate matter. In: Duursma EK, Dawson R (eds) Marine organic chemistry. Elsevier Oceanogr Ser 31, Amsterdam, p 71–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chuecas C, Riley JP (1969) The component combined amino acids of some marine diatoms. J Mar Biol Ass UK 49: 117–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corner EDS, Davies AC (1971) Plankton as a factor in the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in the sea. Adv Biol 9: 101–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cowey CB, Corner EDS (1963) Amino acids and some other nitrogenous compounds in Calanus finmarchicus. J Mar Biol Ass UK 43: 485–493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson R, Pritchard RG (1978) Determination of amino acids in sea water using a fluorimetric analyser. Mar Chem 6: 27–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson R, Liebezeit G (1981) The analytical methods for the characterisation of organics in seawater. In: Duursma EK, Dawson R (eds) Marine organic chemistry. Elsevier Oceanogr Ser 31, Amsterdam, p 445–496.

    Google Scholar 

  • Degens ET (1970) Molecular nature of nitrogenous compounds in sea water and recent sediments. In: Hood DW (ed) Organic matter in natural waters. Inst Mar Sci Alaska, p 77–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Degens ET, Mopper K (1976) Factors controlling the distribution and early diagenesis of organic material in marine sediments. In: Riley JP, Chester R (eds) Chemical oceanography, vol 6, 2nd ed. Academic Press, London p 60–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eberlein K, Hammer KD, Brockmann U, Kattner G (1982) Dynamics of carbohydrate development in tank experiments with cultures of Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira rotula. Symposium on North Sea Dynamics, Aug-Sept 1981: 549–558.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fogg GE (1975) Primary productivity. In: Riley J, Kirrow GS (eds) Chemical oceanography, vol 2, 2nd ed. Academic Press, New York, p 385–453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fogg GE (1977) Excretion of organic matter by phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 22: 576–577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garrasi C, Degens ET, Mopper K (1979) The free amino acid composition of sea water obtained without desalting and preconcentration. Mar Chem 8: 71–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gocke K (1975) Untersuchungen über die Aufnahme von gelöster Glukose unter natürlichen Verhältnissen durch größenfraktioniertes Nano-und Ultranano-plankton. Kiel Meeresforsch 31: 87–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gocke K (1977) Comparison of methods for determining the turnover times of dissolved organic compounds. Mar Biol 42: 131–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagmeier E, Harms E-H, Hickel W (1971) Sestongehalt, Hydrographie und Chemie des Wassers bei Helgoland. Jber Biol Anst Helgoland 1970: 44–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagmeier E, Harms E-H, Treutner K (1972) Sestongehalt, Hydrographie und Chemie des Wassers bei Helgoland. Iber Biol Anst Helgoland 1971: 40–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammer KD, Eberlein K, Kattner G, Brockmann U (1982) Fluxes of dissolved amino acids: A comparison between natural and enclosed phytoplankton populations in the North Sea. Symposium on North Sea Dynamics, Aug-Sept 1981: 559–572.

    Google Scholar 

  • Handa N, Yanagi K (1969) Studies on water extractable carbohydrates of particulate matter from northwest Pacific Ocean. Mar Biol 4: 197–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haug A, Myklestad S (1976) Polysaccharides of marine diatoms with special reference to Chaetoceros species. Mar Biol 34: 217–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hecky RE, Mopper K, Kilham P, Degens ET (1973) The amino acid and sugar composition of diatom cellwalls. Mar Biol 19: 323–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hentzschel G (1980) Wechselwirkungen bakteriolytischer und saprophytischer Bakterien aus der Nordsee. Mitt Inst Allg Bot Hamburg 17: 113–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ittekkot V (1980) Verteilung von gelöstem organischem Kohlenstoff, gelösten Zuckern und Aminosäuren im Fladengrund, nördliche Nordsee (FLEX 1976). Ph D Thesis, Universität Hamburg, S 158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ittekkot V, Degens ET, Brockmann U (1982) Monosaccharide composition of acid-hydrolysable carbohydrates in particulate matter during a plankton bloom. Limnol Oceanogr 27: 770–776.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johannes RE, Webb KL (1970) Release of dissolved organic compounds by marine and freshwater invertebrates. Organic matter in natural water. Inst Mar Sci Occ Publs 1: 257–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joseffson BO (1970) Determination of soluble carbohydrates in sea water by partition chromatography after desalting by ion exchange membrane electro-dialysis. Anal Chim Acta 52: 65–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kattner GG, Brockmann UH (1978) Fatty-acid composition of dissolved and particulate matter in surface films. Mar Chem 6: 233–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kattner G (1982) Analyse von Lipiden und Fettsäuren während des Frühjahrsplanktonwachstums in der nördlichen Nordsee. Ph D Thesis, Universität Hamburg, S 105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ketchum BH, Corwin N (1965) The cycle of phosphorus in a plankton bloom in the golf of Maine. Limnol Oceanogr, Suppl 10: R148–R161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause M (1981) Vertical distribution of faecal pellets during FLEX ‘76. Helgol Meeresunters 34: 313–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krause M, Trahms J (1982) Zooplankton dynamics during FLEX ‘76. Symposium on North Sea Dynamics, Aug-Sept 1981: 632–664.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee C, Bada JL (1975) Amino acids in equatorial Pacific ocean water. Earth Planet Sci Lett 26: 61–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee C, Bada JL (1977) Dissolved amino acids in the equatorial Pacific, Sargasso Sea and Biscayne. Bay Limnol Oceanogr 22: 502–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liebezeit G, Bölter M, Brown IF, Dawson R (1980) Dissolved free amino acids and carbohydrates at pycnocline boundaries in the Sargasso Sea and related microbial activity. Ocean Acta 3: 357–362.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon MD (1981) The measurement of organic carbon in sea water. In: Duursma EK, Dawson R (eds) Marine organic chemistry. Elsevier Oceanogr Ser 31, Amsterdam p 415–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mague TH, Friberg E, Hughes DJ, Morris I (1980) Extracellular release of carbon by marine phytoplankton; a physiological approach. Limnol Oceanogr 25: 262–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matheja J, Degens ET (1971) Structural molecular biology of phosphates. Fischer, Stuttgart, p 180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menzel DW, Steele JH (1978) The application of plastic enclosures to the study of pelagic marine biota. Rapp P-V Réun Cons Int Explor Mer 173: 7–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mopper K (1977) Sugars and uronic acids in sediments and water from Black Sea and North Sea with emphasis on analytical techniques. Mar Chem. 5: 585–603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mopper K (1978) Improved Chromatographie separation on anion-exchange resins. III. Sugars in borate medium. Anal Biochem 87: 162–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mopper K, Degens ET (1979) Organic carbon in the ocean: Nature and cycling. In: Bolin B, Degens ET, Kempe S, Ketner P (eds) Global carbon cycle. Wiley & Sons, New York Chichester, p 293–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myklestad S (1974) Production of carbohydrates by marine planktonic diatoms. I. Comparison of nine different species in culture. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 15: 261–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myklestad S (1977) Production of carbohydrates by marine planktonic diatoms. II. Influence of the N/P ratio in the growth medium on the assimilation ratio, growth rate, and production of cellular and extracellular carbohydrates by Chaetoceros affinis var. willei (Gran) Hustedt and Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 29: 161–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raymont JEG (1980) Plankton and productivity in the oceans, 2nd ed, vol 1. Phytoplankton. Pergamon, Oxford, P 291–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sepers ABJ (1977) The utilization of dissolved organic compounds in aquatic environments. Hydrobiol 52: 39–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharp JH (1977) Excretion of organic matter by marine phytoplankton. Do healthy cells do it? Limnol Oceanogr 22: 381–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinner M, Simatupang MH, Dietrichs HH (1978) Automated quantitative analysis of wood carbohydrate by borate complex ion-exchange chromatography. Wood Sci Technol 9: 307–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smetacek V (1975) Die Sukzession des Phytoplanktons in der westlichen Kieler Bucht. Dissertation, Universität Kiel, S 151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soetje KC, Huber K (1980) A compilation of data on the thermal stratification at the central station in the northern North Sea during FLEX ‘76. “Meteor” Forsch Ergeb Reihe A 22: 69–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wandschneider K (1980) Die Artensukzession des Phytoplanktons während der Frühjahrsblüte 1976 im Fladengrundgebiet (nördliche Nordsee). Mitt Inst Allg Bot Hamburg 17: 39–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wangersky PJ (1977) The role of particulate matter in the productivity of surface waters. Helgol Wiss Meeresunters 30: 546–564.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wangersky PJ (1978) Production of dissolved organic matter. In: Kinne O (ed) Marine ecology, vol IV. Dynamics. Wiley & Sons, New York Chichester, p 115–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weichert G (1980) Chemical changes and primary production in the Fladen Ground area (North Sea) during the first phase of a spring phytoplankton bloom. “Meteor” Forsch Ergeb Reihe A 22: 79–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whittle KJ (1977) Marine organisms and their contribution to organic matter in the ocean. Mar Chem 5: 381–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams PJLeB (1975) Biological and chemical aspects of dissolved organic material in sea water. In: Riley JP, Skirrow G (eds) Chemical oceanography, vol II, 2nd ed. Academic Press, London, p 301–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams PJLeB, Yentsch CS (1976) An examination of photosynthetic production, excretion of photosynthetic products, and heterotrophic utilization of dissolved organic compounds with reference to results from a coastal subtropical sea. Mar Biol 35: 31–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-2000, Hamburg 13, Fed. Rep. of Germany

    U. H. Brockmann, G. Kattner, K. Eberlein & K. D. Hammer

  2. SCOPE/UNEP International Carbon Unit, Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut Universität Hamburg, Bundesstr. 55, D-2000, Hamburg 13, Fed. Rep. of Germany

    V. Ittekkot

Authors
  1. U. H. Brockmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. V. Ittekkot
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G. Kattner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. K. Eberlein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. K. D. Hammer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Meereskunde, Universität Hamburg, Heimhuder Straße 71, 2000, Hamburg 13, Germany

    Jürgen Sündermann

  2. Sonderforschungsbereich 94 Meeresforschung, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 2000, Hamburg 13, Germany

    Walter Lenz

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Brockmann, U.H., Ittekkot, V., Kattner, G., Eberlein, K., Hammer, K.D. (1983). Release of Dissolved Organic Substances in the Course of Phytoplankton Blooms. In: Sündermann, J., Lenz, W. (eds) North Sea Dynamics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68838-6_36

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68838-6_36

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68840-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68838-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation