Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nutritional Characteristics of the Elderly

  • Chapter
Geriatrics 2

  • 99 Accesses

Abstract

The number of elderly subjects is rapidly increasing in the affluent society. People live longer and better. Positive economic development, improved hygienic standards and access to first-class medical care for practically everybody have been the main contributory factors. The increased percentage of elderly has also brought problems. The demand for socio-medical geriatric care has grown dramatically in many communities and has placed a heavy load on social and individual economy. It has become a practical necessity to investigate the possibilities of creating optimal living conditions for the elderly by preventive measures to enable them to lead a “normal” life at home as long as possible. One obvious measure in this direction is of course to ascertain optimal nutritional facilities for the elderly.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Acheson RM, Jessop WJ (1962) Serum proteins in a population sample of males 65–85 years. A study by paper electrophoresis. Gerontologia 6:193–205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ackermann PG, Toro G (1953) Calcium and phosphorous balance in elderly men. J Gerontol 8:289–300

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ackermann PG, Toro G (1954) Calcium balance in elderly women. J Gerontol 9:446–449

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adelman RC (1970) Impaired hormonal regulation of enzyme activity during aging. Fed Proc 34:179

    Google Scholar 

  • Adelman RC (1971) Age-depending effects in enzyme induction - a biochemical expression of aging. Exp Gerontol 6:75–87

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albanese AA (1977) Bone loss: causes, detection, and therapy. Liss, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Albanese AA, Higgons RA, Vestal B, Stephanson L, Malsch M (1952) Protein requirements of old age. Geriatrics 7:109–116

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alabanese AA, Higgons RA, Orto LA, Zavattaro DN (1957) Protein and amino acid needs of the aged in health and convalescence. Geriatrics 12:465–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson I, Campbell AER, Dunn A, Runciman JBM (1966) Osteomalacia in elderly women. Scott Med J 11:429–435

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson VF, Cohen C, Hyams DE, Millard PH, Plowright NM, Woodford-Wiliams E, Berry WTC (1972) Clinical and subclinical malnutrition in old age. In: Carlson LG (ed) Nutrition in old age. Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala, pp 140–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews J, Brook M (1966) Leucocyte-vitamin C content and clinical signs in the elderly. Lancet I:1350–1351

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews J, Letcher M, Brook M (1969) Vitamin C supplementation in the elderly: a 17- month trial in an old person’s home. Br Med J 2:416–418

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arthur G, Monro JA, Poore P, Rilwan WB, Murphy E LaC (1967) Trial of asorbic acid in senile purpura and sublingual haemorrhages. Br Med J 1:732–733

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avioli LV (1977) Osteoporosis. Pathogenesis and therapy. In: Avioli LV, Krane SM (eds) Metabolic bone disease, vol 1. Academic Press, New York, pp 307–385

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrows CH (1966) Enzymes in the study of biological aging. In: Shock NW (ed) Perspectives in experimental gerontology. CC Thomas, Springfield, pp 169–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentzie RM (1963) The influence of age on the iron content of bone marrow. Lancet I:1074–1075

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertolini AM (1969) Gerontologic metabolism. CC Thomas, Springfield

    Google Scholar 

  • Bockus HL, Bank J, Willard JH (1932) Achlorhydria with a review of 210 cases in patients with gastrointestinal complaints. Am J Med Sci 184:184–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Bogdonoff MD, Shock NW, Nichols MP (1953) Calcium, phosphorous, nitrogen, and potassium balance studies in the aged male. J Gerontol 8:272–288

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonnet JD, Hagedorn AB, Owen CA (1960) A quantitative method for measuring the gastro-intestinal absorption of iron. Blood 15:36–44

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowers EF, Kubic MM (1965) Vitamin C - levels in old people and the response to ascorbic acid and to the juice of the acerola. Br J Clin Pract 19:141–147

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brockington F, Lempert SM (1967) The Stockport survey. The social needs of the over 80s. University Press, Manchester

    Google Scholar 

  • Brocklehurst JC (1978) Geriatrics services and the day hospital. In: Brocklehurst JC (ed) Textbook of geriatric medicine and gerontology. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh London New York, pp 747–762

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruce Å, Andersson M, Arvidsson B, Isaksson B (1980) Body compostion. Prediction of the normal body potassium, body water, and body fat in adults on the basis of body height, body weight, and age. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 40:461–473

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brüschke G, Mehls E, Zschenderlein B (1967) Die Eisenresorption in hohem Lebensalter. Dtsch Gesundheitswes 22:1639–1640

    Google Scholar 

  • Bullamore JR, Gallagher JC, Wilkinson R, Nordin BEC, Peacock M (1979) Effect of age on calcium absorption. Lancet II:535–537

    Google Scholar 

  • Chalmers J, Conacher WDH, Gardner DL, Scott TR (1967) Osteomalacia a common disease in elderly women. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 49:403–423

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng AHR, Gomez A, Bergan JG, Lee TC, Monckeberg F, Chichester CO (1978) Comparative nitrogen balance study between young and aged adults using three levels of protein intake from a combination wheat-soy-milk mixture. Am J Clin Nutr 31:12–22

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Defronzo RA (1979) Glucose intolerance and aging. Evidence for tissue insensitivity to insulin. Diabetes 28:1095–1101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dent CE (1969) Rickets and osteomalacia, nutritional, and metabolic (1919–69). Proc R Soc Med 63:401–408

    Google Scholar 

  • DeWijn JF, van Staderen WA, de Groot-Polman H, Postmus S, Peeters EM, Wigbout M (1967) Food and foot habits in healthy elderly. An investigation in Groningen and Rotterdam 1961–63 (in Dutch). Tijdschr Soc Geneesk [Suppl] 45:1–32

    Google Scholar 

  • DHSS (1972) A nutritional survey of the elderly. Report on public health and medical subjects, no 3. HMSO, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Dibble MV, Brin M, Thile VF, Peel A, Chen N, McMullen E (1967) Evaluation of the nutritional status of elderly subjects with a comparison between fall and spring. J Am Geriatr Soc 15:1031–1061

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durnin JVGA (1961) Food intake and energy expenditure of elderly people. Gerontol Clin 4:128–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Durnin JVGA (1966) Age, physical activity, and energy expenditure. Proc Nutr Soc 25:107–113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durnin JVGA (1978) Nutrition. In: Brocklehurst JC (ed) Textbook of geriatric medicine and gerontology. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh London New York, pp 417–432

    Google Scholar 

  • Exton-Smith AN (1978) Nutrition in the elderly. In: Dickerson JWT, Lee HA (eds) Nutrition in the clinical management of disease. Edward Arnold, London, pp 72–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Exton-Smith AN, Stanton BR (1965) Report on an investigation into the dietary of elderly women living alone. King Edward’s Hospital Fund, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Exton-Smith AN, Hodkinson HM, Stanton BR (1966) Nutrition and metabolic bone disease in old age. Lancet I:999–1001

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbes GB, Reina JC (1970) Adult lean body mass declines with age: some longitudinal observations. Metabolism 19:653–663

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freiman HD, Tauber SA, Tulsky EG (1963) Iron absorption in the healthy aged. Geriatrics 18:716–720

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujitani M (1960) Studies on calcium, phosphorous, sodium, and chlorine balances in the aged. J Osaka City Med Cent 9:2063–2082

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher JC, Riggs BL, Eisman J, Hamstra A, Arnaud SB, DeLuca HF (1979) Intestinal calcium absorption and serum vitamin D metabolites in normal subjects and osteoporotic patients. Effect of age and dietary calcium. J Clin Invest 64:729–736

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gamble JL, Ross SG, Tisdall FF (1923) The metabolism of fixed base during starvation. J Biol Chem 57:633–695

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia PA, Battese GE, Brewer WD (1975) Longitudinal study of age and cohort influences on dietary patterns. J Gerontol 30:349–356

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garn SM (1970) The earlier gain and the later loss of cortical bone in nutritional perspective. CC Thomas, Springfield

    Google Scholar 

  • Garn SM, Rohmann CG, Wagner D (1967) Bone loss as a general phenomenon in man. Fed Proc 26:1729–1736

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillum HL, Morgan AV (1955) Nutritional status of aging, hemoglobin values, packed cell volumes, and sedimentation rates of 577 normal men and women over 50 years of age. J Nutr 55:265–288

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamfelt A (1964) Age-variation of vitamin B6 metabolism in man. Clin Chim Acta 10:48–54

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heaney RP (1965) A unified concept of osteoporosis. Am J Med 39:877–880

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hegsted DM, Moscoso I, Collazos CHC (1952) A study of the minimum calcium requirements of adult men. J Nutr 46:181–201

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heiss G, Johnson NJ, Reiland S, Davis CE, Tyroler HA (1980) The epidemiology of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Circulation [Suppl] 62:116–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Herbert V (1967) Biochemical and haematological lesions in folic acid deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 20:562–572

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitt MK (1953) Dietary requirements of the aged. J Am Diet Assoc 29:443–448

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hyams DE (1978) The liver and biliary system. In: Brocklehurst JC (ed) Textbook of geriatric medicine and gerontology. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh London New York, pp 385–417

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs A, Cavill IAJ, Hughes JNP (1968) Erythrocyte transaminase activity. Effect of age, sex, and vitamin B6 supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 21:502–507

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs AN, Owen GN (1969) The effect of age on iron absorption. J Gerontol 24:95–96

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson NE, Alcantara EN, Linkswiler HM (1970) Effect of protein intake on urinary and fecal calcium and calcium retention of young adult males. J Nutr 100:1425–1430

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamocka D (1970) Cytological studies of parotid glands secretion in people over 60 years of age. (English abstr). Excerpta Med Int Congr Ser 23:487

    Google Scholar 

  • Kataria MS, Raou DB, Curtis RC (1965) Vitamin C-levels and the elderly. Gerontol Clin 7:189–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirk JE, Chieffi M (1953 a) Vitamin studies in middle-aged and old individuals. XII. The concentration of total ascorbic acid in whole-blood. J Gerontol 8:301–304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk JE, Chieffi M (1953 b) Vitamin studies in middle-aged and old individuals. XII. Hypovitaminaemia C. Effect of ascorbic acid administration on the blood ascorbic acid concentration. J Gerontol 8:305–311

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koch E (1911) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Nahrungsbedarfes bei alten Männern. Skand Arch Physiol 25:315–330

    Google Scholar 

  • Kountz WB, Hofstatter L, Ackermann P (1947) Nitrogen balance studies in elderly people. Geriatrics 2:173–182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kountz WB, Hofstatter L, Ackermann P (1948) Nitrogen balance studies under prolonged high nitrogen intake levels in elderly people. Geriatrics 3:171–184

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kountz WB, Hofstatter L, Ackermann P (1951) Nitrogen balance studies in four elderly men. J Gerontol 6:20–33

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kountz WB, Ackermann PG, Kheim T, Toro G (1953) Effects of increased protein intake in older people. Geriatrics 8:63–69

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loh HS, Wilson CWM (1971) Relationship between leucocyte ascorbic acid and haemoglobin levels at different ages. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 41:259–267

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linkswiler HM, Joyce CL, Amand CR (1974) Calcium retention of young adult males as affected by level of protein and of calcium intake. Trans NY Acad Sci 36:333–340

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lund B, Hjorth L, Ljaer I, Reimann I, Fries T, Andersson RB, Sørensen OH (1975) Treatment of osteoporosis of aging with 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol. Lancet II:1168–1171

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutwak L, Krook L, Henriksson TA, Uris R, Wahlen J, Coulston A, Lesser G (1971) Calcium deficiency and human periodontal disease. Isr J Med Sci 7:504–505

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malm OJ (1958) Calcium requirement and adaptation in adult men. Scand J Clin Lab Invest [Suppl] 10:1–289

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marx JJM (1979) Normal iron absorption and decreased red-cell iron uptake in the aged. Blood 53:204–211

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGandy RB, Barrows CH, Spanias A, Meredith A, Stone LJ, Norris AH (1966) Nutrient intakes and energy expenditure in men of different ages. J Gerontol 21:581–587

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milne JS, Lonergan ME, Williamson J, Moore FML, McMaster R, Percy N (1971) Leucocyte ascorbic acid levels and vitamin C intake in older people. Br Med J 4:383–385

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitra ML (1970) Vitamin C deficiency in the elderly and its manifestations. J Am Geriatr Soc 18:67–71

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan AF, Gillum HL, Williams RI (1955) Nutritional status of the aging. III. Serum ascorbic acid and intake. J Nutr 55:431–448

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munro HN (1972) Protein requirements and metabolism in aging. In: Carlson LA (ed) Nutrition in old age. Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala, pp 32–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Munro HN (1980) The status of the elderly. Major gaps in nutrient allowances. J Am Diet Assoc 76:137–141

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munro HN, Young VR (1978) Protein metabolism in the elderly. Postgrad Med 63:143–148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Necheles H, Plotke F, Meyer J (1942) Studies in old age. V. Active pancreatic secretion in the aged. Am J Dig Dis 9:157–159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nordin BEC, Horseman A, Crilly PG, Marshall DH, Simpson M (1980) Treatment of spinal osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. Br Med J 1:451–457

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohlson MA, Brewer WD, Jackson L, Swanson DP, Roberts PH, Mangel M, Leverton RM, Chaloupka M, Gram MR, Reynolds MS, Lutz R (1952) Intakes and retentions of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorous by 136 women between 30 and 85 years of age. Fed Proc 11:775–783

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Sullivan DJ, Callaghan N, Ferriss JB, Cincane JF, Hegarty M (1968) Ascorbic acid deficiency in the elderly. Ir J Med Sci 1:151–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen EC (1939) The calcium requirements of older male subjects. Biochem J 33:22–26

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pagano G, Passader M, Diana A, Pisu E, Bozzo C, Ferrero F, Lento G (1981) Insulin resistance in the aged: the role of the peripheral insulin receptors. Metabolism 30:46–49

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ranke E, Tauber SA, Horonick A, Ranke B, Goodhart RS, Chow BF (1960) Vitamin B6 deficiency in the aged. J Gerontol 15:41–44

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts PH, Kerr CH, Ohlson MA (1948) Nutritional status of older women. Nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorous retentions of nine women. J Am Dietet Ass 24:292–299

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scrimshaw NS (1976) Strengths and weaknesses of the committee approach - an analysis of past and present recommended dietary allowances for protein in health and disease. N Engl J Med 294:136–142, 198–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shock NW (1972) Energy metabolism, caloric intake, and physical activity of the aging. In: Carlson LA (ed) Nutrition in old age. Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala, pp 12–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith DA, Harrison I, Nordin BEC, MacGregor J, Jordan M (1968) Mineral metabolism in relation to aging. Proc Nutr Soc 27:201–210

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stamp TBC, Round JM (1974) Seasonal changes in human plasma level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Nature 247:563–565

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steen B, Isaksson B, Svanborg A (1977 a) Intake of energy and nutrients and meal habits in 70-year-old males and females in Gothenburg, Sweden. A population study. Acta Med Scand Suppl 611:39–86

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steen B, Bruce Å, Isaksson B, Lewin T, Svanborg A (1977 b) Body composition in 70-year- old males and females in Gothenburg, Sweden. A population study. Acta Med Scand, Suppl 611:87–112

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steen B, Isaksson B, Svanborg A (1979) Body composition at 70 and 75 years of age. A longitudinal population study. J Clin Exp Gerontol 1:185–200

    Google Scholar 

  • Steidemann M, Jansen C, Harrill I (1978) Nutritional status of elderly men and women. J Dietet Ass 73:132–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Ten-State Nutrition Survey 1968–1970 (1972) High-lights. DHEW Pub No (HSM) 72–8134

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuttle SG, Bassett SH, Griffith WH, Mulcare DB, Swendseid ME (1965) Further observations on the amino acid requirements of older men. II. Methionine and lysine. Am J Clin Nutr 16:229–231

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuttle SG, Swendseid ME, Mulcare D, Griffith WH, Bassett SH (1957) Study of the essential amino acid requirements of men over 50. Metabolism 6:564–573

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuttle SG, Swendseid ME, Mulcare D, Griffith WH, Bassett SH (1959) Essential amino acid requirements of older men in relation to total nitrogen intake. Metabolism 8:61–72

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uauy R, Scrimshaw RS, Young VR (1978) Human protein requirements. N-balance response to graded intakes of egg protein in elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 31:779–785

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vanzant FR, Alvarez WC, Ensterman GB, Gunn HL, Berkson J (1932) The normal range of gastric acidity from youth to old age. Arch Intern Med 49:345–359

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahlberg LS, Sorbie J, Ludwig J, Pelletier O (1976) Serum ferritin and the iron status of Canadians. Can Med Assoc J 114:417–421

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh M (1966) Determination of plasma pyridoxal phosphate with wheat germ glutamic-aspartatic apotransaminase. Am J Clin Pathol 46:282–286

    Google Scholar 

  • Watkin DM (1978) Nutrition for the aging and the aged. In: Goodhart RS, Shils ME (eds) Modem nutrition in health and disease, 6 th edn. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 781–813

    Google Scholar 

  • Watkin DM, Silverstone JT, Shock NW (1965) The impact of nutrition on the biochemistry of aging in man. Fed Proc 19:13

    Google Scholar 

  • Watts JH, Mann AN, Bradley L, Thompson DJ (1964) Nitrogen balance of men over 65 fed the FAO and milk patterns of essential amino acids. J Gerontol 19:370–374

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webster SGP, Leeming JT (1975) The appearance of the small bowel mucosa in old age. Age Ageing 4:168–174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webster SGP, Leeming JT, Wilkinson EM (1976) The causes of osteomalacia in the elderly. Age Ageing 5:119–122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werner I, Berfenstam R (1974) The nutrient consumption and food choice of elderly people in Sweden. I. Ann Acad Sei Uppsala 18:61–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner I, Hambreaus L (1972) The digestive capacity of elderly people. In: Carlson LA (ed) Nutrition in old age. Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala, pp 55–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson PD (1973) Enzyme changes in aging mammals. Gerontologia 19:79–125

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan SHY, Franks JJ (1968) Albumin metabolism in elderly men and women. J Lab Clin Med 72:449–454

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young MM, Nordin BEC (1967) Calcium metabolism and the menopause. Proc R Soc Med 60:1137–1138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zanni E, Calloway DH, Zezulka AY (1979) Protein requirements of elderly men. J Nutr 109:513–524

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. I. Werner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Gerontologie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg und 2. Medizinische Klinik Klinikum Nürnberg, Flurstraße 17, D-8500, Nürnberg, Germany

    Dieter Platt

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Werner, I. (1983). Nutritional Characteristics of the Elderly. In: Platt, D. (eds) Geriatrics 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68217-9_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68217-9_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68219-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68217-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation