Proceedings of Symposium on Paddy Soils pp 42-58 | Cite as
Recent Progress in Studies of Soil Structure, and its Relation to Properties and Management of Paddy Soils
- 5 Citations
- 180 Downloads
Abstract
Soil structure has been defined as “pthe arrangement of the soil particles and of the pore spaces between them (1) It includes the size, shape and arrangement of the aggregates formed when primary particles are clustered together into larger, separable units” The structural organization of the soil particles determines such important properties as water movement and storage in soils, gas exchange between roots and atmosphere, the ease of tillage, the extent to which the soil is explored by plant roots, and erodibility. In relation to paddy rice production, the aspects which are important are those factors related to water movement and root growth Where upland crops are grown in rotation with flooded rice, then the condition of the soil after draining from the flooded state and the ease with which seeds can be drilled, and can emerge and establish their root systems, become of critical importance.
Keywords
Bulk Density Pore Size Distribution Soil Structure Clay Soil Paddy SoilPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- (1).Marshall, T.J., The nature, development and significance of soil structure. Trans. Comm. IV and V, Int. Soc. Soil Sci., New Zealand, 243–257 (1962).Google Scholar
- (2).Dexter, A.R., Hewitt, J.S., The structure of beds of spherical particles. J. Soil Sci., 29, 146–155 (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (3).Kanno, I., Genesis of rice soils with special reference to profile development. Soils and Rice, International Rice Research Institute, Philippines. 237–253 (1978).Google Scholar
- (4).Moormann, F.R., Morphology and classification of soils on which rice is grown. Soils and Rice, International Rice Research Institute, Philippines, 255–272 (1978).Google Scholar
- (5).Aylmore, L.A.G., Quirk, J.P., Domains and quasicrystalline regions in clay systems. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 35, 652–654 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (6).Quirk, J.P., Some physico-chemical aspects of soil structural stability — a review. Modification of Soil Structure. Wileys, Chichester, 3–16 (1978).Google Scholar
- (7).Israelachivilli, J.N., Ninham, B.W., Intermolecular forces — the long and short of it. J. Colloid and Interface Sci. 58 (1), 14–25 (1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (8).Arnold, P.W., Surface-electrolyte interactions. The Chemistry of Soil Constituents. Wileys, Chichester, 355–404 (1978).Google Scholar
- (9).Adams, G.E., Israelachivilli, J.N., Measurement of forces between two mica surfaces in aqueous potassium nitrate solutions. Modification of Soil Structure. Wileys, Chichester, 27–34 (1978).Google Scholar
- (10).Greenland, D.J., Rimmer, D., Payne, D., Determination of the structural stability class of English and Welsh soils, using a water coherence test. J. Soil Sci., 26, 294–303 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (11).Ahn, P.M., Microaggregation in tropical soils: its measurement and effects on the maintenance of soil productivity. Soil Physical Conditions and Crop Production in the Tropics. Wileys, Chichester, 75–86 (1979).Google Scholar
- (12).Tama, K., El-Swaify, S.A., Charge, colloidal and structural stability interrelationships for oxidic soils. Modification of Soil Structure. Wileys, Chichester, 41–49 (1978).Google Scholar
- (13).Moormarm, F.R., Representative toposequences of soils in southern Nigeria and their pedology. Characterisation of Soils in Relation to their Classification and Management for Crop Production: Examples from Some Areas of the Humid Tropics. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 10–29 (1980).Google Scholar
- (14).Hingston, F.J., Posner, A.M., Quirk, J.P., Anion adsorption by goethite and gibbsite. I. The role of the proton in determining adsorption envelopes. J. Soil Sci. 23, 177–192 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (15).Koenigs, F.F.R., The mechanical stability of clay soils as influenced by moisture conditions and some other factors. Versl. landb. oriderz. 67.7. (1961).Google Scholar
- (16).Koenigs, F.F.R., The puddling of clay soils. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 11, 145–156 (1963).Google Scholar
- (17).Kita, D., Kawaguchi, K., The effects of both the reduction of the soil under waterlogged condition and the dehydration of the reduced soil upon soil structure. J. Sci. Soil Manure, Japan, 31, 375–379 and 495–498 (1960).Google Scholar
- (18).Ahmed, N., The effect of evolution of gases and reducing conditions in a submerged soil on its subsequent physical status. Trop. Agric. (Trin.), 40, 205–209 (1963).Google Scholar
- (19).Hughes, J.C., Mineralogy. Characterisation of Soils in Relation to their Classification and Management for Crop Production: Examples from Some Areas of the Humid Tropics. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford (1980).Google Scholar
- (20).Deshpande, T.L., Greenland, D.J., Quirk, J.P., Changes in soil properties associated with the removal of iron and aluminium oxides. J. Soil Sci., 19, 108–122 (1968).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (21).Habibullah, A.K.M., Greenland, D.J., Brammer, H.M., Clay mineralogy of some seasonally flooded soils of East Pakistan. J. Soil Sci., 22, 179–190 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (22).Kyuma, K., Mineral composition of rice soils. Soils and Rice, International Rice Research Institute, Philippines. 219–236 (1978).Google Scholar
- (23).Brinkman, R., Ferrolysis, a soil forming process in hydromorphic conditions. Pudoc, Wageningen (1979).Google Scholar
- (24).Allison, F.E., Soil organic matter and its role in crop production. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 637 (1973).Google Scholar
- (25).Greenland, D.J., Lindstrom, G.R., Quirk, J.P., Organic materials which stabilise natural soil aggregates. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 26, 366–371 (1962).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (26).Stefanson, R., Effect of periodate and pyrophosphate on the seasonal changes in aggregate stabilization. Aust. J. Soil Research 9, 33–42 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (27).Hamblin, A.P., Greenland, D.J., Effect of organic constituents and complexed metal ions on aggregate stability of some East Anglian soils. J. Soil Sci. 28, 410–416 (1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (28).Greenland, D.J., Interaction between clays and organic compounds in soils. Part I. Mechanisms of interaction between clays and defined organic compounds. Soils and Fert. 28, 415–425 (1965).Google Scholar
- (29).Theng, B.K.G., The Chemistry of Clay-Organic Reactions. London, Hilger. (1974).Google Scholar
- (30).Theng, B.K.G., Formation and properties of clay-polymer complexes. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co., Amsterdam and New York. Developments in Soil Science 9, 362 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (31).Parfitt, R.L., Greenland, D.J., Adsorption of polysaccharides by mont- morillonite. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 34, 862–866 (1970).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (32).Greenland, D.J., Adsorption of polyvinyl alcohols by montmorillonite. J. Colloid Sci. 18, 647–664 (1963).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (33).Emerson, W.W., Raupach, M., The reaction of polyvinyl alcohol with montmorillonite. Aust. J. Soil Res. 2, 46–55 (1964).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (34).Parfitt, R.L., Greenland, D.J., Adsorption of poly(ethylene glycols) by clay minerals. Clay Minerals 8, 305–315 (1970).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (35).Edwards, A.P., Bremner, J.M., Dispersion of soil particle by sonic vibration; Microaggregates in soils. J. Soil Sci. 18, 45–63; 64–73 (1967).Google Scholar
- (36).Greenland, D.J., Interactions between humic and fulvic acids and clays. Soil Sci. III, 34–41 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (37).Emerson, W.W., The effect of polymers on the swelling of montmorillonite. J. Soil Sci. 14, 52–63 (1963).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (38).Theng, B.K.G., Greenland, D.J., Quirk, J.P., Swelling in water of complexes of montmorillonite with polyvinyl alcohol. Aust. J. Soil Res. 5, 69–76 (1967).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (39).Turchenek, L.W., Oades, J.M., Organo-mineral particles in soils. Modification of Soil Structure. Wileys, Chichester, 137–144 (1978).Google Scholar
- (40).Mclntyre, D.S., Pore space and aeration determinations. Methods for Analysis of Irrigated Soils. Commonwealth Agric. Bureau, Farnham Royal, Bucks, 67–74 (1974).Google Scholar
- (41).Croney, D., Coleman, J.D., Soil structure in relation to soil suction (pF). J. Soil Sci. 5, 75–84 (1954).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (42).Holmes, J.W., Water sorption and the swelling of clay blocks. J. Soil Sci. 6, 200–208 (1955).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (43).Aylmore, L.A.G., Quirk, J.P., The structural status of clay systems. Clay and Clay Miner. 9, 104–130 (1962).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (44).Smart, P., Electron microscope methods in soil micromorphology. Proc. 4th Int. Working Meeting, Soil Micromorphology, Kingston, Ontario (1973).Google Scholar
- (45).Greene-Kelly, R., The shrinkage of clay soils during impregnation by polyethylene glycols. J. Soil Sci. 22, 191–202 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (46).Bullock, P., Thomasson, A.J., Rothamsted studies of soil structure. II. Measurement and characterisation of macroporosity by image analysis and comparison with data from water retention measurements. J. Soil Sci. 30 (3), 391–413 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (47).Greene-Kelly, R., The preparation of clay soils for the determination of structure. J. Soil Sci. 24, 277–283 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (48).Lawrence, G.P., Payne, D., Greenland, D.J., Pore size distribution in critical point and freeze dried aggregates from clay subsoils. J. Soil Sci. 30, 499–516 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (49).Murray, R.S., Quirk, J.P., Clay-water interactions and the mechanism of soil swelling. Colloids and Surfaces 1, 17–32 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (50).Lawrence, G.P., Measurement of pore sizes in fine-textured soils: a review of existing techniques. J. Soil Sci. 28, 527–540 (1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (51).Newman, A.C.D., Thomasson, A.J., Rothamsted studies of soil structure. III. Pore size distributions and shrinkage processes. J. Soil Sci. 30 (3), 415–439 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (52).Gregg, S.J., Sing, K.S.W., Adsorption, surface area and porosity. Academic Press, London, (1967).Google Scholar
- (53).Greenland, D.J., Mott, C.J., Surfaces of soil particles. The Chemistry of Soil Constituents. Wileys, Chichester, 321–355 (1978).Google Scholar
- (54).Aylmore, L.A.G., Quirk, J.P., The micropore size distribution of clay mineral systems. J. Soil Sci. 18, 1–17 (1967).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (55).Nagpal, N.K., Boersma, L., DeBacker, L.W., Pore size distributions of soils from mercury-intrusion porosimeter data. Soil Sci, Soc. Amer. Proc. 36, 264–267 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (56).Campbell, R.B., Freezing point of water in puddled and unpuddled soils at different moisture tension values. Soil Sci. 73, 221–229 (1952).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (57).Jamison, V.C., Changes in air-water relationships due to structural improvement of soils. Soil Sci. 76, 143–151 (1953).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (58).Sanchez, P.A., Rice performance under puddled and granulated soil cropping systems in southeast Asia. Ph.D. thesis, Cornell Univ., New York, (1968).Google Scholar
- (59).Yao Hsiang-liang, Chao Wei Ching, Yu Teh-fen, Hsu Hsiu-yun, Preliminary investigation of structural characteristics of fertile paddy soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica 15,12–22 (1978).Google Scholar
- (60).Xiung Yi, Xu Qi, Yao Xian-liang, Zhu Zhao-liang, Effect of cropping system on the fertility of paddy soils. Acta Pedologica Sinica 17, 116–119 (1980).Google Scholar
- (61).Curfs, H.P.F., System development in agricultural mechanization with special reference to soil tillage and weed control — a case study for West Africa. H. Veenman and Zonen B.V. Wageningen, 179 (1976).Google Scholar
- (62).Ghildyal, B.P., Soil water flux and evapotranspiration in the presence of a shallow water table in a Mollisol. Soil Physical Conditions and Crop Production in the Tropics. Wileys, Chichester, 159–172 (1979).Google Scholar
- (63).Wickham, T.H., Singh, V.P., Water movement through wet soils. Soils and Rice, International Rice Research Institute, Philippines. 337–360 (1978).Google Scholar
- (64).Kar, S., Ghildyal, B.P., Rice root growth in relation to size, quantity and rigidity of pores. Plant and Soil 43, 627–637 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (65).Wiersum, L.K., The relationship of the size and structural rigidity of pores to their penetration by roots. Plant and Soil 9, 75–85 (1957).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (66).Kar, S., Varade, S.B., Ghildyal, B.P., Pore size distribution and root growth relations of rice in artificially synthesized soils. Soil Sci. 128 (6), 364–368 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (67).Obermueller, A.J., Mikkelsen, D.S., Effects of water management and soil aggregation on the growth and nutrient uptake of rice. Agron. J. 66, 627–632 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (68).Kar, S., Varade, S.B., Subramanyam, T.K., Ghildyal, B.P., Soil physical conditions affecting rice root growth: bulk density and submerged soil temperature regime. Agron. J. 68 (1), 23–26 (1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Sanchez, P.A., Puddling tropical rice soils. Soil Sci. 115, 149–158 and 303–308 (1973)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (70).De Datta, S.K., Kerim, M.S.A.A.A., Water and nitrogen economy, of rainfed rice as affected by soil puddling. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 38 (3), 515–518 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (71).Ghildyal, B.P., Patel, C.L., Effect of varying drainage conditions on water use and growth of rice. Soil Physical Conditions and Crop Production in the Tropics. Wileys, Chichester, 199–204 (1979).Google Scholar
- (72).Savant, N.K., De Datta, S.K., Movement and distribution of ammonium-N following deep placement of urea in a wetland rice soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 44 (3), 559–565 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (73).De Datta, S.K., Barker, R., Land preparation of rice soils. Soils and Rice, International Rice Research Institute, Philippines. 623–648 (1978).Google Scholar
- (74).Sanchez, P.A., Properties and management of soils in the tropics. Wileys, New York. 420 (1976).Google Scholar
- (75).Lai, R., Physical characteristics of soils of the tropics; determination and management. Soil Physical Properties and Crop Production in the Tropics. Wileys, Chichester, 7–44 (1979).Google Scholar
- (76).Terasawa, S., Physical properties of paddy soil in Japan. JARQ 9 (1), 18–23 (1975).Google Scholar
- (77).Maeda, K., Minami, M., Studies on physical and chemical properties and improvement of soil productivity in heavy clayey paddy fields. II. Drainage acceleration technique in ill-drained paddy fields. Bull. Hokkaido Prefect. Agric. Expt. Stn. No. 37, (English summary), 34 (1977).Google Scholar
- (78).Anyoji, H., Improvement of soil hardness in paddy fields for the mechanization of harvesting — study in the Muda irrigation project area, Malaysia. Bull. Nat. Res. Inst, of Agric. Engg. No. 17, (English summary) 21–22 (1978).Google Scholar
- (79).Fujio, F., Rheological properties of paddy soil on the sedimentation and hardening by kneading of paddy soil in the paste. Soil Physical Conditions and Plant Growth, Japan. (1975).Google Scholar
- (80).Emerson, W.W., A classification of soil aggregates based on their coherence in water. Aust. J. Soil Res. 5, 47–57 (1967).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (81).Emerson, W.W., Aggregate classification and the hydraulic conductivity of compacted subsoils. Modification of Soil Structure. Wileys, Chichester, 239–248 (1979).Google Scholar
- (82).Morris, R.A., Zandstra, H.G., Soil and climatic determinants in relation to cropping patterns. Proc. Int. Rice Research Conf., International Rice Research Institute, Philippines (1978).Google Scholar
- (83).Lai, R., Greenland, D.J., Soil physical properties and crop production in the tropics. Wileys, Chichester (1979).Google Scholar
- (84).Wien, C., Lai, R., Pulver, E.L., Effects of transient flooding on growth and yield of some tropical crops. Soil Physical Properties and Crop Production in the Tropics. Wileys, Chichester, 235–248 (1979).Google Scholar
- (85).Williams, B.G., Greenland, D.J., Quirk, J.P., Adsorption of polyvinyl alcohol by natural soil aggregates. Aust. J. Soil Res. 4, 131–143 (1966)CrossRefGoogle Scholar