Summary
Clinical pictures of mongoloid persons are demonstrated during different phases of life, with particular reference to the later one. Psychological and intellectual problems, immunologic deficiencies, and early aging are discussed. Histopathologic changes in the thymus are demonstrated. Because of the early aging of mongoloids, we examined the blood serum triglycerides, the cholesterol, and the LDL- and HDL-cholesterol in Down’s syndrome.
Keywords
- Down Syndrome
- Adult Life
- Clinical Aspect
- Early Aging
- Premature Aging
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Dedicated to Prof. Andrea Prader for his 60th birthday
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adinolfi M, Gardner B, Martin W (1967) Observations on the levels of y G, y A, and y M globulins, anti-A and anti-B agglutinins and antibodies to Escherichia coli in Down’s anomaly. J Clin Pathol 20:860–864
Agarwal SS, Blumberg BS, Gerstley BJS, London WT, Sutnik AI, Loeb LA (1970) DNA polymerase activity as an index of lymphocyte stimulation: Studies in Down’s syndrome. J Clin Invest 49: 161
Benda CE (1969) Down’s syndrome, mongolism and its management. Grune & Stratton, New York London
Bertrand I, Koffas D (1946) Cas d’idiotie mongolienne adulte avec nombreuses plaques séniles et concrétions calcaires pallidales. Rev Neurol (Paris) 78: 338–345
Burger PC, Vogel SF (1973) The development of the pathologic changes of Alzheimer’s disease and senile dementia in patients with Down’s syndrome. Am J Pathol 73: 457–476
Burgio GR, Ugazio AG (1978 a) Immunity in Down’s syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 127:293–294
Burgio GR, Ugazio AG ( 1978 b) Das Down-Syndrom als Immunmangel-Modell. Ergebnisse und Hypothesen. Helv Paediatr Acta 33: 5–9
Burgio GR, Ugazio AG, Nespoli L (1974) Peripheral blood “Rosette Forming Lymphocytes” in Down’s syndrome. Experientia 30: 818
Burgio GR, Ugazio AG, Nespoli L, Marcioni AF, Botelli AM, Pasquali F (1975) Derangements of immunoglobulin levels, phytohemagglutinin responsiveness and T and B cell markers in Down’s syndrome at different ages. Eur J Immunol 5: 600–603
Burgio GR, Lanzavecchia A, Maccario R, Vitiello A, Plebani A, Ugazio AG (1978) Immunodeficiency in Down’s syndrome: T-lymphocyte subset imbalance in trisomic children. Clin Exp Immunol 33: 298–301
Dörner K, Gaethke AS, personal communication
Down JLH (1866) Observations on an ethnic classification of idiots. London Hospital Clinical Lectures and Reports 3: 259–262
Ellis WG, McCulloch JR, Corley CL (1974) Presenile dementia in Down’s syndrome: Ultrastructural identy with Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology (Minnap) 24: 101–106
Falls HF (1970) Ocular changes in mongolism. Ann NY Acad Sci 171: 627–636
Fialkow PJ (1970) Thyroid autoimmunity and Down’s syndrome. Ann NY Acad Sci 171: 500–511
Fialkow PJ, Blumberg BS, London WT, Sutnick A J, Thuline HC (1971) Thyroid antibodies and Australia antigen in Down’s syndrome. J Ment Defic Res 15: 177–180
Finch RA, Book JA, Finley WH, Finley SC, Tucker CC (1966) Meiosis in trisomic Down’s syndrome. Ala J Med Sci 3: 117–120
Francis SH (1970) Behavior of low-grade institutionalized mongoloids: changes with age. Am J Ment Defic 75: 92–101
Fraser M, Mitchell A (1876) Kalmyc idiocy. J ment Sci 22: 169–179
Gershwin ME, Crinella FM, Castles JJ, Trent JKT (1977) Immunologic characteristics of Down’s syndrome. J Ment Defic Res 21: 237–249
Haberland C (1969) Alzheimer’s disease in Down’s syndrome, clinical-neuro-pathological observations. Acta Neurol Belg 69: 369–380
Hall B (1964) Mongolism in newborns. Acta Paediatr [Suppl] 154: 1–97
Heumayer-Skritek M (1975) Zur psychischen Struktur des Mongolismus. Paediatr Pädol [Suppl] 4: 70–82
Hirano A, Zimmerman HM (1962) Alzheimer’s neurofibrillary changes. Arch Neurol 7: 73–88
Højager B, Peters H, Byskov AG, Faber M (1978) Folicular development in ovaries of children with Down’s syndrome. Acta Paediatr Scand 67: 637–643
Jacob H (1956) Mongolismus. In: Lubarsch O, Henke F, Rössle R (eds) Handbuch der speziellen pathologischen Anatomie und Histologic, vol 13. 82–98 Springer, Berlin Göttingen Heidelberg pp 82–98
Jelgersma HL (1958) Die frühzeitige Dementia senilis bei Mongoloiden, eine klinische Studie. Folia Psychiatr Neurol Neurochir 61: 367–374
Jervis GA (1948) Early senile dementia in mongoloid idiocy. Am J Psychiatry 105: 102–106
Jervis GA (1970) Premature senility in Down’s syndrome. Ann NY Acad Sci 171: 559–561
Kjessler B, De La Chapelle A (1971) Meiosis and spermatogenesis in two post-puberal males with Down’s syndrome: 47,XY,G +. Clin Genet 2: 50–57
Kohlmann T, Rett A (1975) Klinisch-psychologische Untersuchungen an jugendlichen und erwachsenen Mongoloiden. Paediatr Pädol [Suppl] 4: 48–58
Lejeune J (1979) Investigations biochemiques et trisomie 21. Ann Genet (Paris) 22: 67–75
Levin S, Nir E, Molilner BM (1975) T system immune-deficiency in Down’s syndrome. Pediatrics 56: 123–126
Levinson A, Friedman A, Stamps F (1955) Variability of mongolism. Pediatrics 16: 43–54
Martin GM (1978) Genetic syndromes in man with potential relevance to the pathobiology of aging. Birth Defects 14 /1: 5–39
Melyn MA, White DT (1973) Mental and developmental milestones of non-institutionalized Down’s syndrome children. Pediatrics 52: 542–545
Miller ME, Mehmann WJ, Kohn G, Dietz WH (1970) Qualitative and quantitative deficiencies of immunglobulin G ( IgG) in newborns with Down’s syndrome. Ann NY Acad Sci 171: 512–525
Miller OJ, Mittwoch U, Penrose LS (1960) Spermatogenesis in man with special reference to aneuploidy. Hereditas 14: 456–462
Müller-Hermelink HK (1977) Thymusepithel in der Ontogenese bei primären Immundefekten und Thymomen. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 61: 487
Murdoch JC, Evans JH (1978) An objective in vitro study of aging in the skin of patients with Down’s syndrome. J Ment Defic Res 22 /2: 131–135
Murken AH (1972) Eine spätmittelalterliche Darstellung des Mongolismus-Syndroms auf dem Aachener Passionsaltar. Medizinhist J 7: 103–113
Nakamura H (1961) Nature of institutionalized adult mongoloid intelligence. Am J Ment Defic 66: 456–458
Neumann MA (1967) Langdon Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease. J Neuropathol 26: 149–150
Nikaido T, Austin J, Trueb C, Rinehart R (1972) Studies in aging of the brain. Arch Neurol 27: 549–554
O’Hara PT (1972) Electron microscopical study of the brain in Down’s syndrome. Brain 95: 681–684
Olson MJ, Shaw C-M (1969) Presenile dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in mongolism. Brain 92: 147–156
Øster J, Mikkelsen M, Nielsen A (1975) Mortality and life-table in Down’s syndrome. Acta Paediatr Scand 64: 322–326
Owens D, Dawson JC, Losin S (1971) Alzheimer’s disease in Down’s syndrome. Am J Ment Defic 75: 606–612
Penrose LS, Smith GF (1966) Down’s anomaly. Churchill, London
Pfeiffer RA (1971) Das Down-Syndrom (Mongolismus). In: Opitz H, Schmid F (eds) Handbuch der Kinderheilkunde, vol I/1. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 703–729
Rabensteiner B (1975) Sozialverhalten, Musikalität und visuelle Wahrnehmung bei mongoloiden Kindern. Paediatr Pädol [Suppl] 4: 59–69
Rett A (1972) Mongolismus — heute. Paediatr Prax 11: 187–194
Rett A (1977) Mongolismus. In: Eggert D (ed) Arbeiten zur Theorie und Praxis der Rehabilitation in Medizin, Psychologie und Sonderpädagogik. Huber, Berlin Stuttgart Wien, p 9
Sasaki M (1965) Meiosis in a male with Down’s syndrome. Chromosoma 16: 652–657
Schlesinger M, Levin S, Handzel Z, Hahn T, Altman J, Chernobilski B, Bos J (1976) Clinical immunological and histopathological evidence for thymic deficiency in Down’s syndrome (mongolism). In: Feldman M, Globerson A (eds) Immune reactivity of lymphocytes. Plenum, New York, p 665–671
Schochet SS, Lampert PW, McCormick WF (1973) Neurofibrillary tangles in patients with Down’s syndrome. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 23: 342–346
Schröder J, Lydecken K, De La Chapelle A (1971) Meiosis and spermatogenesis in G-trisomic males. Humangenetik 13: 15–21
Seger R, Buchinger G, Ströder J (1977) On the influence of age on immunity in Down’s syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 124: 77–87
Séguin E (1846) Le traitement moral, l’hygiene et l’éducation des idiots. Baillière, Paris
Séguin E (1866) Idiocy: Its treatment by the physiological method. Wood, New York
Sim M (1965) Alzheimer’s disease, a forgotten entity. Geriatrics 20: 668–674
Sjögren H (1950) Twenty-four cases of Alzheimer’s disease. A clinical analysis. Acta Med Scand [Suppl] 246: 225–233
Smith GF (1970) Analysis of clinical features of Down’s syndrome in relation to chromosomal changes. Ann NY Acad Sci 171: 587–601
Solitare GB, Lamarche JB (1966) Alzheimer’s disease and senile dementia as seen in mongoloids: Neuropathological observations. Am J Ment Defic 70: 840–848
Stearns PE, Droulard KE, Shahhar FH (1960) Studies bearing on fertility of male and female mongoloids. Am J ment Defic 65: 37–41
Stiehm ER, Fudenberg HH (1966) Serum levels of immune globulins in health and disease: A survey. Pediatrics 37: 715–727
Struwe F (1929) Histopathologische Untersuchungen xber Entstehung und Wesen der senilen Plaques. Z Neurol Psychiatr 122: 291–307
Thompson MM (1963) Psychological characteristics relevant to the education of the pre-school mongoloid child. Ment Retard 1: 185–186
Tricomi V, Valenti JE, Hall JE (1964) Ovulatory patterns in Down’s syndrome. A pilot study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 89:651’656
Ugazio AG, Jayakar S, Marcioni AF, Duse M, Monafo V, Pasquali F, Burgio GR (1977) Immunodeficiency in Down’s syndrome: relationship between presence of human thyreoglobulin antibodies and HBsAG carrier status. Eur J Pediatr 126: 139–146
Ugazio AG, Lanzavecchia A, Jayakar S, Plebani A, Duse M, Burgio GR (1978) Immunodeficiency in Down’s syndrome. Acta Paediatr Scand 67: 705–708
Verhaart WJC, Jelgersma HC (1952) Early senile dementia in mongolian idiocy. Description of a case. Folia Psychiatr Neerl 55: 453–459
Vries-Kruyt T de, Zang KD (1977) Jan. Die Lebensgeschichte eines mongoloiden Kindes. Fischer, Stuttgart
Wechsler IS (1963) Clinical neurology, 9th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia
Whittingham S, Pitt DB, Sharma DLB, Mackay IR (1977) Stress deficiency of the T-lymphocyte system exemplified by Down syndrome. Lancet 1: 163–166
Wolff F de, Schaerer K, Lejeune J (1962) Contribution à l’étude des jumeaux mongoliens. Un cas de monozygotisme hétérocaryote. Helv Paediat. Acta 17: 301–328
Zellweger H (1965) Mongolismus — Down’s Syndrom. Ergeb Inn Med Kinderheilkd 22: 268–428
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Tolksdorf, M., Wiedemann, HR. (1981). Clinical Aspects of Down’s Syndrome from Infancy to Adult Life. In: Burgio, G.R., Fraccaro, M., Tiepolo, L., Wolf, U. (eds) Trisomy 21. Human Genetics Supplement, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68006-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68006-9_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-10653-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68006-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive