Abstract
Economic comparisons indicate reverse osmosis to be more cost effective than distillation for large operations [1]. Important progress has been made in synthetic semipermeable membranes, leading to a wider scope of reverse osmosis applications, including the purification of used water and saline water for drinking, the supply of ultra-pure water for the pharmaceutical and electronic industries and for feeding boilers [2]. Along with the mass transfer within the membrane surface is important. Reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration processes can be described by heat-transfer equations, but in contrast to the design of a heat exchanger, the equations for calculating flows and concentrations at membranes can only be solved iteratively. For the most important membrane configurations (tube, hollow-fiber, and spiral-wound modules) equations are given for describing their transfer characteristics [3].
Keywords
- Reverse Osmosis
- Osmotic Dehydration
- Semipermeable Membrane
- High Osmotic Pressure
- Reverse Osmosis Membrane
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Delyannis, A., Delyannis, EE. (1980). Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration. In: Seawater and Desalting. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67737-3_24
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67737-3_24
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