Abstract
The many different mathematical techniques used to solve pattern recognition problems may be grouped into two general approaches [1,2]. They are the decision-theoretic (or discriminant) approach and the syntactic (or structural) approach [3]. In the decision-theoretic approach, a set of characteristic measurements, called features, are extracted from the patterns. Each pattern is represented by a feature vector, and the recognition of each pattern is usually made by partitioning the feature space. On the other hand, in the syntactic approach, each pattern is expressed as a composition of its components, called sub-patterns and pattern primitives. This approach draws an analogy between the structure of patterns and the syntax of a language. The recognition of each pattern is usually made by parsing the pattern structure according to a given set of syntax rules. In this paper, we briefly review the recent progress in syntactic pattern recognition and some of its applications.
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant ENG 78–16970
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
K. S. Fu and A. Rosenfeld, “Pattern Recognition and Image Processing”, IEEE Trans, on Computers, Vol. C-25, No. 12, 1976.
K. S. Fu, Digital Pattern Recognition, Springer-Verlag, 1976.
K. S. Fu, Syntactic Methods in Pattern Recognition, Academic Press, 1974.
K. Hanakata, “Feature Selection and Extraction for Decision Theoretic Approach and Structural Approach” in Pattern Recognition-Theory and Application, ed. by K. S. Fu and A. B. Whinston, Noordhoff International Publishing Co. Leyden, The Netherlands, 1977.
C. H. Chen, “On Statistical and Structural Feature Extraction” in Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, ed. by C. H. Chen, Academic Press, 1976.
K. S. Fu, Syntactic Pattern Recognition Applications, Springer-Verlag, 1977.
J. Gips, Shape Grammars and Their Use, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel and Stuttgart, 1975.
K. S. Fu, “Tree Languages and Syntactic Pattern Recognition” in Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, ed. by C. H. Chen, Academic Press, 1976.
K. S. Fu and T. L. Booth, “Grammatical Inference-Introduction and Survey”, IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC-5, Jan. and July 1975.
S. M. Chou and K. S. Fu, “Inference for Transition Network Grammars”, Proc. Third International Joint Conference on Pattern Recognition, Nov. 8–11, 1976, Coronado, Calif., U.S.A.
G. B. Porter, “Grammatical Inference Based on Pattern Recognition”, Proc. Third International Joint Conference on Pattern Recognition, Nov. 8–11, 1976, Coronado, Calif., U.S.A.
L. Miclet, “Inference of Regular Expressions”, Proc. Third International Joint Conference on Pattern Recognition, Nov. 8–11, 1976, Coronado, Calif., U.S.A.
J. M. Brayer and K. S. Fu, “Some Multidimensional Grammar Inference Methods” in Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, ed. by C. H. Chen, Academic Press, 1976.
J. M. Brayer and K. S. Fu, “A Note on the k-tail Method of Tree Grammar Inference”, IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC-7, No. 4, April 1977, pp. 293–299.
A. Barrero and R. C. Gonzalez, “A Tree Traversal Algorithm for the Inference of Tree Grammars”, Proc. 1977 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Processing, June 6–8, Troy, N.Y.
H. C. Lee and K. S. Fu, “A Syntactic Pattern Recognition System with Learning Capability”, Proc. Fourth International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences (COINS-72), Dec. 14–16, 1972, Bal Harbour, Florida.
J. Keng and K. S. Fu, “A System of Computerized Automatic Pattern Recognition for Remote Sensing”, Proc. 1977 International Computer Symposium, Dec. 27–29, Taipei, Taiwan.
K. C. You and K. S. Fu, “Syntactic Shape Recognition Using Attributed Grammars”, Proc. 8th EIA Symposium on Automatic Imagery Pattern Recognition, April 3–4, 1978, Gaithersburg, Md.
S. Y. Lu and K. S. Fu, “Stochastic Tree Grammar Inference for Texture Synthesis and Discrimination”, Computer Graphics and Image Processing, Vol. 7, No. 5, Oct. 1978.
C. Page and A. Filipski, “Discriminant Grammars, An Alternative to Parsing for Pattern Classification”, Proc. 1977 IEEE Workshop on Picture Data Description and Management, April 20–22, Chicago, Ill.
T. Pavlidis, “Syntactic Feature Extraction for Shape Recognition”, Proc. 3rd International Joint Conf. on Pattern Recognition, Nov. 8–11, 1976, Coronado, Calif., pp. 95–99.
G. Stockman, L. N. Kanel and M. C. Kyle, “Structural Pattern Recognition of Carotid Pulse Waves Using a General Waveform Parsing System”, Comm. ACM, Vol. 19, No. 12, Dec. 1976, pp. 688–695.
E. Persoon and K. S. Fu, “Sequential Classification of Strings Generated by SCFG’s”, International Journal of Computers and Information Sciences, Vol. 4, Sept. 1975.
S. Y. Lu and K. S. Fu, “Stochastic Error-Correcting Syntax Analysis for Recognition of Noisy Patterns”, IEEE Trans. on Computers, Vol. C-26, No. 12, Dec. 1977, pp. 1268–1276.
T. Pavlidis, “Syntactic Pattern Recognition on the Basis of Functional Approximation” in Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, ed. by C. H. Chen, Academic Press, 1976.
A. K. Joshi, “Remarks on Some Aspects of Language Structure and Their Relevance to Pattern Analysis”, Pattern Recognition, Vol. 5, No. 4, 1973.
B. K. Bhargava and K. S. Fu, “Transformation and Inference of Tree Grammars for Syntactic Pattern Recognition”, Proc. 1974 IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Oct., Dallas, Texas.
L. W. Fung and K. S. Fu, “Stochastic Syntactic Decoding for Pattern Classification”, IEEE Trans. on Computers, Vol. C-24, July 1975.
M. G. Thomason and R. C. Gonzalez, “Error Detection and Classification in Syntactic Pattern Structures”, IEEE Trans. on Computers, Vol. C-24, 1975.
K. S. Fu, “Error-Correcting Parsing for Syntactic Pattern Recognition”, in Data Structure, Computer Graphics and Pattern Recognition, ed. by A. Klinger, et. al., Academic Press, 1977.
S. Y. Lu and K. S. Fu, “Error-Correcting Tree Automata for Syntactic Pattern Recognition”, Proc. 1977 IEEE Conf. on Pattern Recognition and Image Processing, June 6–8, Troy, N.Y.
S. Y. Lu and K. S. Fu, “Structure-Preserved Error-Correcting Tree Automata for Syntactic Pattern Recognition”, Proc. 1976 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Dec. 1–3, Clearwater, Florida.
N. S. Chang and K. S. Fu, “Parallel Parsing of Tree Languages”, Proc. 1978 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Processing, May 31 — June 2, Chicago, Ill.
K. S. Fu and S. Y. Lu, “A Clustering Procedure for Syntactic Patterns”, IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC-7, No. 10, Oct. 1977, pp. 734–742.
S. Y. Lu and K. S. Fu, “A Sentence-to-Sentence Clustering Procedure for Pattern Analysis”, IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC-8, No. 5, May 1978, pp. 381–389.
R. O. Duda and P. E. Hart, Pattern Classification and Scene Analysis, Wiley, 1972.
F. Ali and T. Pavlidis, “Syntactic Recognition of Handwritten Numerals”, IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC-7, No. 7, July 1977, pp. 537–541.
J. M. Brayer and K. S. Fu, “Application of a Web Grammar Model to an ERTS Picture”, Proc. Third International Joint Conference on Pattern Recognition, Nov. 8–11, 1976, Coronado, Calif., U.S.A.
R. Y. Li and K. S. Fu, “Tree System Approach to LANDSAT Data Interpretation”, Proc. Symposium on Machine Processing of Remotely Sensed Data, June 29 — July 1, 1976, Lafayette, Indiana.
J. Keng and K. S. Fu, “A Syntax-Directed Method for Land-Use Classification of LANDSAT Images”, Proc. Symposium on Current Mathematical Problems in Image Science, Nov. 10–12, 1976, Monterey, Calif.
R. DeMori, “On Speech Recognition and Understanding” in Pattern Recognition: Theory and Application ed. by K. S. Fu and A. B. Whinston, Noordhoff Publ. Co., Leyden, Netherlands, 1977.
R. W. Ehrich and J. P. Foith, “Representation of Random Waveforms by Relational Trees”, IEEE Trans. on Computers, Vol. C-25, July 1976, pp. 725–736.
P. V. Sankar and A. Rosenfeld, “Hierarchical Representation of Waveforms”, TR-615, Computer Science Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Md. 20742, Dec. 1977.
F. LeChevalier, G. Bobillot and C. Fugier-Garrel, “Syntactic Signal Processing”, 1978 International Symposium on Information Theory, Oct. 10–14, Ithaca, N.Y.
T. Pavlidis and F. Ali, “A General Syntactic Shape Analyzer”, Tech. Report No. 221, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J. 08540, Dec. 1976.
C. Bjorklund, “Syntactic Analysis and Description of Stroke Based Shapes”, Proc. 1977 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Processing, June 6–8, Troy, N.Y.
R. Jakubowski and A. Kasprzak, “A Syntactic Description and Recognition of Rotary Machine Elements”, IEEE Trans. on Computers, Vol. C-26, No. 10, Oct. 1977, pp. 1039–1042.
S. W. Zucker, “On the Structure of Texture”, Computer Graphics and Image Processing, Vol. 5, 1976.
S. Y. Lu and K. S. Fu, “A Syntactic Approach to Texture Analysis”, Computer Graphics and Image Processing, Vol. 7, No. 3, June 1978.
J. F. Jarvis, “Regular Expressions as a Feature Selection Language for Pattern Recognition”, Proc. Third International Joint Conference on Pattern Recognition, Nov. 8–11, 1976, Coronado, Calif., pp. 189–192.
J. L. Mundy and R. E. Joynson, “Automatic Visual Inspection Using Syntactic Analysis”, Proc. 1977 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Processing, June 6–8, Troy, N.Y.
S. Tsuji and R. Fujiwana, “Linguistic Segmentation of Scenes into Regions”, Proc. Second International Joint Conference on Pattern Recognition, August 13–15, 1974, Copenhagen, Denmark.
T. Kunii, S. Weyle and J. M. Tenenbaum, “A Relational Data Base Scheme for Describing Complex Pictures with Color and Texture”, Proc. Second International Joint Conference on Pattern Recognition, August 13–15, 1974, Copenhagen, Denmark.
R. H. Bonczek and A. B. Whinston, “Picture Processing and Automatic Data Base Design”, Computer Graphics and Image Processing, Vol. 5, No. 4, Dec. 1976.
R. L. Kashyap, “Pattern Recognition and Data Base”, Proc. 1977 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Processing, June 6–8, Troy, N.Y.
S. K. Chang, “Syntactic Description of Pictures for Efficient Storage Retrieval in a Pictorial Data Base”, Proc. 1977 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Processing, June 6–8, Troy, N.Y.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1979 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Fu, K.S. (1979). Recent Advances in Syntactic Pattern Recognition. In: Haken, H. (eds) Pattern Formation by Dynamic Systems and Pattern Recognition. Springer Series in Synergetics, vol 5. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67480-8_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67480-8_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-67482-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-67480-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive