Abstract
The epidemiology of coronary heart disease (CHD) is concerned with the description of the rates of occurrence of CHD in different population groups and with the investigation of the factors that determine its occurrence and natural history. Coronary heart disease (also referred to as ischemic heart disease in the International Classification of Diseases) is the leading cause of death in affluent countries. From being a medical rarity prior to the 1920s, it now accounts for a third of all deaths in the United States and for two-thirds of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases. Although mortaliy rates for coronary heart disease in the United States have declined by about 20% since 1968, they are still increasing in most other countries. Why these trends have occurred, and why they are not occurring uniformly in all countries, has not been fully explained. Yet it has been strongly held by most observers that it is environmental factors, particularly characteristics of peoples1 life styles and habits, that account for these differences (20).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abell, I.L., Levy, B.B., Brodie, B.B., Kendall, F.E.: A simplified method for the estimation of total cholesterol in serum and demonstration of its specificity. J. Biol. Chem. 195, 357–366 (1952)
Abraham, S., Johnson, C.L., Carroll, M.D.: Total serum cholesterol levels of adults 18–74 years. United States 1971–1974. Vital and health statistics: Series 11. Data from the National Health Survey, No. 205. DHEW Publication No. (PHS) 78–1652.
Aronow, W.S.: Effect of cigarette smoking and of carbon monoxide on coronary heart disease. Chest 70, 514–517 (1976)
Borhani, N.O.: Primary prevention of coronary heart disease: a critique. Am. J. Cardiol. 40, 251–259 (1977)
Castelli, W.P., Doyle, J.T., Gordon, T., Hames, C.G., Hjortland, M.C., Hulley, S.B., Kagan, A., Zukel, W.J.: HDL cholesterol and other lipids in coronary heart disease. The Cooperative Lipoprotein Phenotyping Study. Circulation 55, 767–772 (1977)
Connor, W.E., Stone, D.E., Hodges, R.E.: The interrelated effects of dietary cholesterol and fat upon human serum lipid levels. J. Clin. Invest. 43, 1691–1696 (1964)
Coronary Drug Project Research Group, Baltimore: The prognostic importance of plasma glucose levels and of the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs after myocardial infarction in men. Diabetes 26, 453–465 (1977)
Davidson, M., Feinleib, M.: Carbon disulfide poisoning: A review. Am. Heart J. 83, 100–114 (1972)
Dawber, T.R., Moore, E.E., Mann, G.V.: Coronary heart disease in the Framingham Study. Am. J. Public Health 47, 4–23 (1957)
Doyle, J.T., Dawber, T.R., Kannel, W.B. et al.: The relationship of cigarette smoking to coronary heart disease: The second report of the combined experience of the Albany, N.Y. and Framingham, Mass. studies. JAMA 190, 886–890 (1964)
Epstein, F.H., Napier, J.A., Block, W.D. et al.: The Tecumseh Study. Design, progress and perspectives. Arch. Environ. Health 21, 402–407 (1970)
Feinleib, M., Williams, R.R.: Relative risks of myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease by type of smoking. Proc. Third World Conference on Smoking and Health 1, 243–256 (1976)
Fredrickson, D.S., Levy, R.I., Lees, R.S.: Fat transport in lipoproteins — an integrated approach to mechanisms and disorders. N. Engl. J. Med. 276, 34–44 (1967)
Garcia-Palmieri, M.R., Costas, R., Jr. Cruz-Vidal, M. et al.: Risk factors and prevalence of coronary heart disease in Puerto Rico. Circulation 42, 541–549 (1970)
Garcia, M.J., McNamara, P.M., Gordon, T., Kannel, W.B.: Morbidity and mortality in diabetes in the Framingham population. Sixteen year follow-up study. Diabetes 23, 105–111 (1974)
Gordon, T., Garcia-Palmieri, M.R., Kagan, A. et al.: Differences in coronary heart disease in Framingham, Honolulu and Puerto Rico. J. Chronic Dis. 27, 329–344 (1974)
Gordon, T., Castelli, W.F., Hjortland, M.C., Kannel, W.B., Dawber, T.R.: Diabetes, blood lipids, and the role of obesity in coronary heart disease risk for women. Ann. Intern. Med. 87, 393–397 (1977)
Hames, C.G.: Evans County cardiovascular and cerebrovascular epidemiologic study — Introduction. Arch. Intern. Med. 128, 883–886 (1971)
Haynes, S.G., Feinleib, M., Levine, S. et al.: The relationship of psychosocial factors to coronary heart disease in the Framingham Study. II. Prevalence of coronary heart disease. Am. J. Epidemiol. 107, 384–402 (1978)
Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources: Primary prevention of the atherosclerotic diseases. Circulation 42, A55–A95 (1970)
Jenkins, C.D.: Recent evidence supporting psychologic and social risk factors for coronary disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 294, 987–994, 1033–1038 (1976)
Jenkins, C.D., Rosenman, R.H., Zyzanski, S.J.: Cigarette smoking: Its relationship to coronary heart disease and related risk factors in the Western Collaborative Group Study. Circulation 38, 1140–1155 (1968)
Jick, H., Dinan, B., Rothman, K.J.: Oral contraceptives and nonfatal myocardial infarction. JAMA 239, 1403–1406 (1978)
Kagan, A., Gordon, T., Rhoades, G.G. et al.: Some factors related to coronary heart disease incidence in Honolulu Japanese men: the Honolulu Heart Study. Int. J. Epidemiol. 4, 271–279 (1975)
Kännel, W.B.: Role of blood pressure in cardiovascular disease: The Framingham Study. Angiology 26, 1–14 (1975)
Kannel, W.B., Castelli, W.P., Gordon, T. et al.: Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins, and the risk of coronary heart disease: The Framingham Study. Ann. Intern. Med. 74, 1–12 (1971)
Kannel, W.B., Hjortland, M.C., McNamara, P.M., Gordon, T.: Menopause and risk of cardiovascular disease: The Framingham Study. Ann. Intern. Med. 85, 447–452 (1976a)
Kannel, W.B., McGee, D., Gordon, T.: A general cardiovascular risk profile: The Framingham Study. Am. J. Cardiol. 38, 46–51 (1976)
Keys, A.: Coronary heart disease in seven countries. Circulation 41, (Suppl 1) I-1–I-211 (1970)
Keys, A.: Coronary heart disease — the global picture. Atherosclerosis 22, 149–192 (1975)
Klebba, A.J., Dolman, A.B.: Comparability of mortality statistics for the seventh and eighth revisions of the International Classification of Diseases, United States. Vital and health Statistics: Series 2, No. 66. DHEW publication No. (HRA) 76–1340
Kuller, L.H., Radford, E.P., Swift, D. et al.: Carbon monoxide and heart attacks.
Arch. Environ. Health 30, 477–482 (1975)
Lauer, R.M., Connor, W.E., Leaverton, P.E. et al.: Coronary heart disease risk factors in school children: The Muscatine Study. J. Pediatr. 86, 697–706 (1975)
Mann, G.V.: Diet-heart: End of an era. N. Engl. J. Med. 297, 644–650 (1977)
Mann, J.I., Inman, W.H.W.: Oral contraceptives and death from myocardial infarction. Br. Med. J. 2, 245–248 (1975)
Marmot, M.G., Syme, S.L.: Acculturation and coronary heart disease in Japanese-Americans. Am. J. Epidemiol. 104, 225–247 (1976)
Marmot, M.G., Syme, S.L., Kagan, A. et al.: Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California: Prevalence of coronary and hypertensive heart disease and associated risk factors. Am. J. Epidemiol. 102, 514–525 (1975)
McGee, D., Gordon, T.: The results of the Framingham Study applied to four other U.S.-based epidemiologic studies of cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Study. Section 31. DHEW Publication No. (NIH) 76–1083 (1976)
McGill, H.D., Jr. (ed): Geographic pathology of atherosclerosis. Baltimore, Md.: Williams and Wilkins Co. 1968
Miller, G.J., Miller, N.E.: Plasma-high-density-lipoprotein concentration and development of ischaemic heart disease. Lancet I, 16–19 (1975)
Mulcahy, R., Hickey, N.: Cigarette smoking habits of patients with coronary heart disease. Br. Heart J. 28, 404–408 (1966)
New hypertensive prevalence data. National High Blood Pressure Coordinating Committee. NHEP Information Center 120/80 Bethesda, Md. 20014 (1978)
Paffenbarger, R.S., Hale, W.E.: Work activity and coronary heart mortality. N. Engl. J. Med. 292, 545–550 (1975)
Page, L., Friend, B.: The changing United States diet. Bioscience 28, 192–197 (1978)
Reid, D.D., Cornfield, J., Markush, R.E., Scigal, D., Pedersen, E., Haenzel, W.: Studies of disease among migrants and native populations in Great Britain, Norway and the United States. III. Prevalence of cardio-respiratory symptoms among migrants and native born in the United States. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 19, 321–346 (1966)
Report from the National Heart and Lung Institute Task Force on Genetic Factors in Atherosclerotic Disease: DHEW Publication No. (NIH) 76–922 (1976)
Rhoads, G.G., Gulbrandsen, C.L., Kagan, A.: Serum lipoproteins and coronary heart disease in a population study of Hawaii Japanese men. N. Engl. J. Med. 294, 293–298 (1976)
Rogot, E., Padgett, S.J.: Associations of coronary and stroke mortality with temperature and snowfall in selected areas of the United States, 1962–1966. Am. J. Epidemiol. 103, 565–575 (1976)
Rogot, E., Sharrett, A.R., Feinleib, M. et al.: Trends in urban mortality in relation to fluoridation status. Am. J. Epidemiol. 106, 104–112 (1978)
Rosenman, R.H., Brand, R.J., Sholtz, B.I., Friedman, M.: Multivariate prediction of coronary heart disease during 8.5 year follow-up in the Western Collaborative Group Study. Am. J. Cardiol. 37, 903–910 (1976)
Shapiro, S., Weinblatt, E., Frank, C.W. et al.: Incidence of coronary heart disease in a population insured for medical care (HIP): Myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and possible myocardial infarction. Am. J. Public Health 59, (Suppl) 1–101 (1969)
Sharrett, A.R., Feinleib, M.: Water constituents and trace elements in relation to cardiovascular diseases. Prev. Med. 4, 20–36 (1975)
Shurtleff, D.: Some characteristics related to the incidence of cardiovascular disease and death: The Framingham Study, 18-year follow-up. Section No. 30. DHEW Publication No. (NIH) 74–599 (1974)
Stamler, J.: Epidemiology of coronary heart disease. Med. Clin. North Am. 57, 5–46 (1973)
Stamler, J., Epstein, F.H.: Coronary heart disease: Risk factors as guides to preventive action. Prev. Med. 1, 27–48 (1972)
Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1975, p. 751
Tibblin, G., Wilhelmsen, L., Werko, L.: Risk factors for myocardial infarction and death due to ischemic disease and other causes. Am. J. Cardiol. 35, 514–522 (1975)
University Group Diabetes Program: A study of the effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes. II. Mortality results. Diabetes 19, (Suppl 2) 785–830 (1970)
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1979 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Feinleib, M. (1979). Epidemiology of Coronary Heart Disease. In: Zülch, K.J., Kaufmann, W., Hossmann, KA., Hossmann, V. (eds) Brain and Heart Infarct II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67316-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67316-0_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-67318-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-67316-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive