Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Carbon Cardiovascular Devices

  • Chapter
Assisted Circulation

Abstract

Carbon commonly occurs in nature in two well-defined, three-dimensional crystalline forms, graphite and diamond. Graphite has a hexagonal structure with the individual carbon atoms bound together with strong covalent bonds to form planar hexagonal arrays. The layers are stacked in an ordered sequence to form a well-defined, three-dimensional structure. In the diamond form, each atom has four neighbors arranged around it tetrahedrally.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Al-Nssman, Y. D.: Bypass procedure for aortic stenoses simplified. Med. Trib. 4, 27 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Baier, R. E., Gott, V. L., Furuse, A.: Surface chemical evaluation of thromboresistant materials before and after venous implantation. Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 16, 50 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Beall, A. C., Morris, G. C., Jr., Howell, J. F., Jr., Guinn, G. A., Noon, G. P., Reul, G. J., Jr., Greenberg, J. J., Ankeney, J. L.: Clinical experience with an improved mitral valve prosthesis. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 15, 601 (1973)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Bernhard, W. F., Poirier, V., LaFarge, C. G.: Relief of cogenital obstruction to left ventricular outflow with a ventricular-aortic prosthesis. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 19, 312 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bernstein, E. F., Cosentino, L. C., Reich, S., Stasz, P., Levine, I. D., Scott, D. R., Dorman, F. D., Blackshear, P. L., Jr.: A compact, low hemolysis, non-thrombogenic system for non-thoracotomy prolonged left ventricular bypass. Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 20, 543 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Björk, V. O.: The pyrolytic carbon occluder for Björk-Shiley tilting disc valve prosthesis. Scand. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 6, 109 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Björk, V. O.: The history of the Björk-Shiley tilting disc valve. Med. Instrum. 11, 80 (1977)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Bokros, J. C.: The preparation, structure, and properties of pyrolytic carbon. In: Chemistry and physics of carbon, Ch. 1. Walker, P. L., Jr. (ed.), Vol. 5, p. 7. New York: Dekker 1969

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bokros, J. C., LaGrange, L. D., Schoen, F. J.: Control of the structure of carbon for use in bioengineering. In: Chemistry and physics of carbon. Walker, P. L., Jr. (ed.), Vol. 9, p. 103. New York: Dekker 1972

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bokros, J. C., Akins, R. J., Shim, H. S., Haubold, A. D., Agarwal, N. K.: Carbon in prosthetic devices. In: Petroleum derived carbons. ACS Symp. Ser. No. 21. Deviney, M. L., O’Grady, T. M. (eds.), p. 237. Washington D.C.: American Chemical Society 1975

    Google Scholar 

  11. Brown, J. W., Meyerowitz, P. D., Cann, M. S., Mcintosh, C. L., Morrow, A. G.: Apical-aortic anastomosis: experimental evaluation of a method for relief of diffuse left ventricular outflow obstruction. Surg. Forum 25, 147 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bruck, S. D.: Blood compatible synthetic polymers. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas 1974

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bruck, S. D., Rabin, S., Ferguson, R. J.: Evaluation of biocompatible materials. Biomater. Med. Dev. Artif. Organs 1, 191 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Burkel, W. E., Kahn, R. H.: Cell-lined, nonwoven microfiber scaffolds as a blood interface. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 283, 419–437 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Carol and Carol: (1977) (patent pending)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Carrel, A.: On the experimental surgery of the thoracic aorta and the heart. Ann. Surg. 52, 83 (1910)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chiu, T. H., Nyilas, E.: Thermodynamics of native protein/foreign surface interactions: human fibrinogen sorption on low temperature isotropic carbon. Presented at Natl. Colloid Symp. 1977, Grand Island, New York (to be published in J. Colloid Interface Sci.)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Chiu, T. H., Nyilas, E., Lederman, D. M.: Thermodynamics of native protein/foreign surface interactions: calorimetric and microelectrophoretic study of human fibrinogen sorption onto glass and LTI carbon. Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 22, 498 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Cooley, D. A.: The quest for the perfect prosthetic heart valve. Med. Instrum. 11, 82 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cooley, D. A., Norman, J. C.: Severe intravascular hemolysis after aortic valve replacement. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 74, 332 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Cooley, D. A., Leachman, R. D., Wukasch, D. C.: Diffuse muscular subaortic stenosis: surgical treatment. Am. J. Cardiol. 31, 1 (1973)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Cowlard, F. C., Lewis, J. C.: Vitreous carbon — a new form of carbon. J. Mater. Sci. 2, 507–512 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Daniels, A. U., Mortensen, J. D.: Vena cava ring tests of biomaterials in dogs. Natl. Inst. Health Rep. Contract NIH-NO1-HB-4-2979, Utah Biomed. Test Lab. (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  24. DeBakey, M., Crawford, S., Cooley, D. A., Morris, G.: Surgical considerations of occlusive disease of the abdominal aorta and iliac and femoral arteries. Ann. Surg. 148, 306 (1958)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. DePalma, V. A., Baier, R. E., Ford, J. W., Gott, V. L., Furuse, A.: Investigations of three-surface properties of several metals and their relationship to blood compatibility. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Symp. 6, 37 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Detmer, D. E., Johnson, E. J., Braunwald, N. S.: Left ventricular apex-to-thoracic aortic shunts using aortic valve allografts in calves. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 11, 417 (1971)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Dillard, D. H., Mohri, H., Merendino, A.: Prefabricated dacron baffle for use in correction of transposition of the great arteries. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 23, 204 (1977)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dobelle, W. H., Mladejovsky, M. G., Roberts, T. S.: Feasibility comparison of reading and mobility aids for the blind based on visual cortex stimulation. Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 5, 20 (1976 a)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Dobelle, W. H., Mladejovsky, M. G., Evans, J. R.: Braille reading by a blind volunteer by visual cortex stimulation. Nature (London) 259, 55–56 (1976 b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Dorman, F., Bernstein, E. F., Blackshear, P. L., Sovilj, R., Scott, D. R.: Progress in the design of a centrifugal cardiac assist pump with transcutaneous energy transmission of magnet coupling. Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 15, 441 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Fernandez, J., Maranhao, V., Gooch, A. S., Morse, D., Nichols, H. T.: The Björk-Shiley prosthesis: a significant advance in aortic valve replacement. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 14, 527 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Gott, V. L., Furuse, A.: Current status of in-vivo screening of synthetic implant materials for blood compatibility. Med. Instrum. 7, 121 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Guidoin, R., Gosselin, C., Domurado, D., Marois, M., Levaillant, P. A., Awad, J., Rouleau, C., Levasseur, L.: Dacron as arterial prosthetic material: nature, properties, brands, fate, and perspectives. Biomater. Med. Dev. Artif. Organs 5, 177 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Halbert, S. P., Anken, M., Ushakoff, A. E.: Compatibility of blood with materials useful in the fabrication of artificial organs. Natl. Inst. Health Rep. Contract PH-43-66-980, Cordis Lab. (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Hegyell, R. J., Gallagher, R., Peterson, L. K.: Further studies of the interaction of blood and tissue cells with artificial heart implant candidate materials, p. 203. In: Artificial heart program conference. Bethesda, Maryland, Natl. Inst. Health (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Jeger: Chirurgische Operationslehre, 5th ed., Vol. 2, Leipzig: Barth 1923, cited by H. Kuttner.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Kaae, J. L.: Relationship between the structure and properties of fluidized bed pyrolytic carbons. Carbon 9, 291 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kaae, J. L.: Mechanical properties of glassy and isotropic pyrolytic carbon. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 6, 279 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kadefors, R., Reswick, J. B., Martin, R.: A percutaneous electrode for long term monitoring of bioelectrical signals in humans. Med. Biol. Eng. 8, 129 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Kaster, R. L., Lillehei, C. W., Starek, P. J. K.: The Lillehei-Kaster pivoting disc aortic prosthesis and a comparative study of its pulsatile flow characteristics with four other prostheses. Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 16, 233 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Kusserow, B. K., Larrow, R. W., Nichols, J. E.: Analysis and measurement of the effects of materials on blood leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets. Natl. Inst. Health Rep. Contract PH-43-68-1427, Univ. Vermont (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Kusserow, B. K., Larrow, R. W., Nichols, J. E.: Analysis and measurement of the effects of materials on blood leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets. Natl. Inst. Health Rep. Contract PH-43-68-1427, Univ. Vermont (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Leonard, E. F., Kochwa, S., Lauren, M., Litwak, R., Rosenfield, R.: Coordinated studies of platelet and protein reactions on artificial materials. Natl. Inst. Health Rep. Contract NO 1-HB-3-2910, Columbia Univ. (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Lepley, D., Reuben, C. F., Flemma, R. J., Houston, J. H., Manley, J. C., Hoffman, J. F., Tector, A. J.: Experience with the Bjørk-Shiley prosthetic valve. Circulation Suppl. III 48, 49, 111–51 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Lewis, J. C., Redfern, B., Cowlard, F. C.: Vitreous carbon as crucible materials for semiconductors. Solid-State Electron. 6, 251 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Lillehei, C. W.: Heart valve replacement with the pivoting disc prosthesis: appraisal of results and description of a new all-carbon model. Med. Instrum. 11, 85 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. MacLeod, N., Turima, M., Wheatley, D. J.: The principles and in vivo performance of the Edinburgh pivoted aerofoil-disc prosthetic heart valves. Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 6, 53 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Marinkovic, Z., Roy, R.: Preparation and properties of sputtered glassy carbon films. Carbon 14, 329 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Miller, B. G., Dyer, K. A., Taylor, B. C., Wright, J. I., Sharp, W. V.: Electrical conductivity: effect on intravascular performance of foams, velour, flock, and fabric. Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 20, 91 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Mladejovsky, M. G., Eddington, D. K., Dobelle, W. H., Brackman, D. E.: Artificial hearing for the deaf by cochlear stimulation. Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 21, 1 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Mooney, V., Hartmann, D.: Percutaneous passage. In: Biomedical electrode technology. Miller, H. A., Harrison, D. C. (eds.), pp. 329–339. New York: Academic Press 1974

    Google Scholar 

  52. Mooney, V., Roth, A. M.: Advances in permanent percutaneous electrode systems. Biomater. Med. Dev. Artif. Organs 4, 171 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Mooney, V., Hartmann, D., McNeal, D., Benson, J.: Clinical experience in the use of high purity carbon for percutaneous passage. Arch. Surg. 108, 148 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Norman, J. C., Nihill, M. R., Cooley, D. A.: Creation of double-outlet left ventricles for left ventricular outflow obstructions: Initial clinical results in six patients. Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 22, 332 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Norman, J. C., Cooley, D. A., Hallman, G. L., Nihill, M. R.: Left ventricular outflow tract obstructions: clinical results in eleven patients with a special composite prosthesis. Circulation Suppl. II 56, II-62 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Nyilas, E., Chiu, T. H.: Adsorption properties of human γ-globulin on pure and silicon-alloyed LTI carbons, p. 85. Extended abstracts, 13th Biennial Conf. Carbon, Irvine, California (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Offeman, R. D., Williams, M. C.: Shear induced hemolysis: effects of blood chemistry and shear surfaces. Biomater. Med. Dev. Artif. Organs 4, 49 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Pae, W., Jr., O’Bannon, W., Prophet, G. A., Donachy, J. H., Abt, A., Pierce, W. S.: Design and evaluation of a percutaneous transthoracic cannula. Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 22, 135 (1976)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Pupello, D. F., Blank, R. H., Connnar, R. A., Bessone, L. N., Sbari, S., Stevenson, A.: Fifty-two consecutive aortic valve replacements employing local deep hypothermia. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 19, 487 (1975)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Rafferty, E. H., Kletschka, H. D., Olsen, D. A.: Non-pulsatile artificial heart. J. Extra-Corp. Tech. 5, 2–3 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Sarnoff, S. J., Donovan, T. J., Case, R. B.: The surgical relief of aortic stenoses by means of apical-aortic valvular anastomoses. Circulation 11, 564 (1953)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Schoen, F. J.: Surface studies of carbons for prosthetic applications. In: Proc. 4th Annu. Scan. Electron Microsc. Symp., p. 385. Part. I. Chicago, IIT Res. Inst. 1971

    Google Scholar 

  63. Schoen, F. J.: On the fatigue behavior of pyrolytic carbon. Carbon 11, 413 (1973)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Schultz, J. S., Ciarkowski, A. A., Lindenauer, S. M., Penner, J. S.: Evaluation of the compatibility of materials in contact with blood. Nat. Inst. Health Rep. Contract NO 1-HB-4-2962, Univ. Michigan (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Schultz, J. S., Ciarkowski, A. A., Lindenauer, S. M., Penner, J. S.: Evaluation of the compatibility of materials in contact with blood. In: Proc. AAMI 12th Annu. Meet., p. 148. Arlington, Virginia, Assoc. Adv. Med. Instrum. (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  66. Shim, H. S.: Behavior of isotropic pyrolytic carbon under cyclic loading. Biomater. Med. Dev. Artif. Organs 2, 55 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Shim, H. S.: The wear of titanium, titanium alloy, UHMW polyethylene caused by LTI carbon and satellite 21. J. Bioeng. 1, 223 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Shim, H. S., Schoen, F. J.: The wear resistance of pure and silicon-alloyed isotropic carbons. Biomater. Med. Dev. Artif. Organs 2, 103 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Whalen, R. L., Jeffery, D. L., Norman, J. C.: A new method of in vivo screening of thromboresist-ant biomaterials utilizing flow measurement. Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 19, 19 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. A. D. Haubold
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. H. S. Shim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. C. Bokros
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Surgical Clinic, University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Felix Unger M.D. (Ass. Prof. of Surgery) (Ass. Prof. of Surgery)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1979 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Haubold, A.D., Shim, H.S., Bokros, J.C. (1979). Carbon Cardiovascular Devices. In: Unger, F. (eds) Assisted Circulation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67268-2_50

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67268-2_50

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-67270-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-67268-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation