Abstract
It may now be regarded as certain that the mediobasal hypothalamus controls the hormonopoietic functions ofthe anterior pituitary (at least in mammals and humans). The small neurosecretory cells of the mediobasal hypothalamus produce specific oligopeptide adenohypophysiotropic hormones. However, the reactions associated with an increase or decrease of one or another anteriorpituitary hormone secretion are often accompanied by marked changes in the functional activity of the large “Gomori-positive” cells of the anterior hypothalamus. In particular, intensification of the hypophyseal thyrotropic function, observed after thyroidectomy or cervical sympathectomy, in many cases coincides with an obvious decrease in the secretory activity of the supraoptic nucleus cells. In contrast, after an increase of antidiuretic hormone secretion (elicited, for example, by administration of hypertonic saline solutions) and hence, a rise in the Gomori-positive cell activity, the hypophyseal thyrotropic function decreases, and the thyroid shows signs of depression (ALESHIN, 1971, 1974). On the other hand, intensification of the hypophyseal adrenocorticotropic function (for example in response to stress or superior cervical sympathetic ganglia (GCS) stimulation) occurs simultaneously with a pronounced increase in the secretory activity of the supraoptic nucleus cells. These observations would support the hypothesis of a participation of this magnocellular nucleus in the regulation of adenohypophyseal hormonopoiesis by suppression of the pituitary thyrotropic function and stimulation of the adrenocorticotropic function. However, the Gomori-positive neurosecretory cells, the main function of which is control of the water metabolism and maintenance of the organism’s osmotic balance, do not participate directly in regulation of the anterior pituitary. Hence, involvement of Gomori-positive cells in the reactions controlled by the mediobasal hypothalamus suggests that both neurosecretory hypothalamic formations (the adenohypophysiotropic area of the mediobasal hypothalamus and the magnocellular nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus) are influenced by the same regulatory mechanisms.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abrahams, V. C., Koelle, G.B., Smart, F.: Histochemical demonstration of cholinesterases in the hypothalamus of the dog. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 139, 137–144 (1957)
Aleshin, B.V.: Histophysiology of the Hypothalamo-Hypophysial System (in Russian). Moscow: Medicina 1971
Aleshin, B.V.: The mechanisms of hypothalamic regulations of the adenohypophysial functions (in Russian). Adv. Physiol. Sci. 5(1), 48–81 (1974)
Aleshin, B.V., Demidenko, N.S., Mamina, V.V.: Reactions of neurosecretory nuclei of the hypothalamus to destruction of some of them (in Russian). Histol. Embryol. 66(10), 29–33 (1974)
Björklund, A., Falck, B., Hromek, F., Owman, C, West, K.A.: Identification and terminal distribution of the tubero-hypophyseal monoamine fibre systems in the rat by means of stereotaxic and microspectrofluorimetric techniques. Brain Res. 17, 1–23 (1970)
Brownstein, M.J., Palkovits, M., Saavedra, J.M., Bassini, R.M., Utiger, R.D.: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in specific nuclei of rat brain. Science 185(4147), 267–269 (1974)
Ganong, W.F.: Evidence for a central noradrenergic system that inhibits ACTH secretion. In: Brain-Endocrine Interactions. Knigge, K.M., Scott, D.E., Weindl, A. (eds.). Basle: Karger 1972, pp. 254–266
Grimm, Y., Reichlin, S.: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH): neurotransmitter regulation of secretion by mouse hypothalamic tissue in vitro. Endocrinology 93, 626–631 (1973)
Hedge, G.A., Smelik, P.G.: The action of dexamethasone and vasopressin on hypothalamic CRF production and release. Neuroendocrinology 4, 242–253 (1969)
Hokfelt, T., Fuxe, K.: On the morphology and the neuroendocrine role of the hypothalamic catecholamine neurons. In: Brain-Endocrine Interactions. Knigge, K.M., Scott, D.E., Weindl, A. (eds.). Basle: Karger 1972, pp. 181–223
Koelle, G.B.: A proposal dual neurohumoral role of acetylcholine: its functions at the pre-and postsynaptic sites. Nature 190 (4772), 208–211 (1961)
Pearse, A.G.E.: Common cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of cells producing polypeptide hormones (the APUD series) and their relevance to thyroid and ultimobranchial C cells and calcitonin. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (Biol.) 170, 71–80 (1968)
Polenov, A.L., Senchik, J.I.: Synapses on neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic nucleus in white mice. Nature 211 (5056), 1423–1424 (1966)
Prijmak, E.Ch., Hajos, F.: Ultrastructure of neurosecretory cells and synapses in the supraoptic nucleus of the rat in early postnatal development (in Russian). Ontogenes 2(3), 246–251 (1971)
Smith, A.D.: Summing up: Some implications of the neuron as a secreting cell. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. (Biol.) 261, 423–437 (1971)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1978 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Aleshin, B.V. (1978). Adrenergic Regulation of Hypothalamic Neurosecretory Functions. In: Bargmann, W., Oksche, A., Polenov, A.L., Scharrer, B. (eds) Neurosecretion and Neuroendocrine Activity. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66885-2_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66885-2_27
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-66887-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-66885-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive