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Uric Acid pp 485–514Cite as

Allopurinol and Other Inhibitors of Urate Synthesis

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Part of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology book series (HEP,volume 51)

Abstract

The ideal drug for the treatment of hyperuricemia would be one which reduces uric acid synthesis without interfering with important anabolic pathways or normal regulatory functions. In theory, uric acid production may be inhibited at a number of different enzymatic steps, either those involved in the de novo pathway of purine biosynthesis or those concerned with the final stages of purine catabolism. Compounds such as azaserine and diazo-oxo-norleucine which block the early steps of purine biosynthesis reduce uric acid synthesis but also interfere with nucleic acid synthesis and are therefore cytotoxic (Grayzel et al., 1960; Zuckerman et al., 1959). Inhibition of xanthine oxidase, on the other hand, has proven to be a clinically safe and effective method of reducing uric acid formation.

Keywords

  • Uric Acid
  • Xanthine Oxidase
  • Orotic Acid
  • Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase
  • Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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  1. Gertrude B. Elion
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Professor and Chairman, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    William N. Kelley MD

  2. Professor and Chairman, Department of Pathology, Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA

    Irwin M. Weiner MD

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Elion, G.B. (1978). Allopurinol and Other Inhibitors of Urate Synthesis. In: Kelley, W.N., Weiner, I.M. (eds) Uric Acid. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 51. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66867-8_21

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