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Detection of Drugs of Abuse in Biological Fluids

  • Chapter
Drug Addiction I

Abstract

Detection of drugs of abuse and their metabolites in body fluids plays a role in various aspects of drug dependence. Qualitative screening usually of urine specimens is an integral part of most treatment and prevention programs for drug abusers; and, it was estimated in 1972 that 8 million urine samples were being analyzed a year for methadone programs alone in the United States (Catlin, 1973a). To assist in the diagnosis of medical emergencies involving possible drug overdose and to aid in the determination of cause of death, toxicology laboratories frequently perform qualitative and sometimes quantitative analyses of body fluids and tissues for drugs. Research in metabolism and pharmacokinetics of drugs of abuse usually requires quantitative determination of drugs and known metabolites and simple and sometimes very complex qualitative methods for detection and identification of new metabolites. In a related area, using many similar methods, law enforcement and forensic laboratories and investigators are also often faced with the problem of the chemical identification of unknown drugs and poisons. The major emphasis in this review is on qualitative screening methods for the detection of drugs of abuse. It considers the general principles and concepts of their use and interpretation, provides a comprehensive review of most commonly used methods, and evaluates the validity of these methods to detect drugs or their metabolites following ingestion by humans.

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  1. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Addiction Research Center, Lexington, KY, 40511, USA

    William R. Martin M.D.

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Gorodetzky, C.W. (1977). Detection of Drugs of Abuse in Biological Fluids. In: Martin, W.R. (eds) Drug Addiction I. Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie / Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 45 / 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66612-4_7

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