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A History of Uranium Poisoning (1824–1942)

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Book cover Uranium · Plutonium Transplutonic Elements

Abstract

CHRISTIAN GOTTLOB GMELIN, professor of chemistry at the University of Tubingen, at the age of 32 published a treatise1 (1824) describing his studies of the effects of salts of 18 metals, including uranium, on animals. These are the first known observations of the biological effects of uranium. A brief summary (GMELIN, 1825) in the Journal für Chemie and Physik (Halle) the following year presents his conclusions, and a more detailed critical condensation by an unknown editor appeared in the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal in 1826. Gmelin’s treatise “intented to supply the deficiencies existing in our knowledge of the poisonous properties of the metals, and so to inform the physician what are deleterious and what are not, and to enable the toxicologist to complete the classification of the metallic poisonings”. Gmelin characterized uranyl salts given by mouth as “a feeble poison” with “keine sehr bedeutende Einwirkung”, whereas injected intravenously “bewirken sie schnell den Tod” by destroying the irritability of the heart and coagulating the blood (Fig. 1.1–1.3).

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  1. Harold C. Hodge
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  1. Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 94122, San Francisco, California, USA

    Harold C. Hodge

  2. Department of Radiation Biology and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 14642, Rochester, New York, USA

    John B. Hursh  & J. Newell Stannard  & 

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Hodge, H.C. (1973). A History of Uranium Poisoning (1824–1942). In: Hodge, H.C., Hursh, J.B., Stannard, J.N. (eds) Uranium · Plutonium Transplutonic Elements. Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie / Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 36. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65551-7_1

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