Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Functional Organization of the Somatosensory Cortex

  • Chapter
Somatosensory System

Part of the book series: Handbook of Sensory Physiology ((SENSORY,volume 2))

Abstract

The large segment of the attempts to gain an appreciation for the functional organization of the somatosensory cortex is based on the study of responses expressed as electrical activity, and engendered under specific, operationally defined stimulus conditions. The expectation that motivates these efforts is that it will be possible to analyze the pattern of flow and distribution of activity elicited by stimuli of known properties; to characterize the qualitative and quantitative relations between the stimuli used and the electrical responses obtained; and to fractionate the complex neural system into functionally and operationally distinct, though interacting, subunits. This latter objective is closely allied with the neuroanatomist’s goal to describe and identify different morphological constituents and their geometric and possible synaptic relations to one another. Accordingly, the point of view that underlies the study of functional organization of neural systems is correlative in the sense of seeking to identify the role played by different structural components in the generation of the dynamic performance (i. e.: information flow) under controlled or natural perturbation by stimulus input.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abeles, M., Goldstein, M.H.: Functional architecture in cat primary auditory cortex: columnar organization and organization according to depth. J. Neurophysiol. 33, 172 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adam, G., Adey, W.R., Porter, R.W.: Interoceptive conditional response in cortical neurons. Nature (Lond.) 209, 920 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adrian, E.D.: Afferent discharges to the cerebral cortex from peripheral sense organs. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 100, 159 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adrian, E.D.: Afferent areas in the brain of ungulates. Brain 66, 89 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  • Adey, W.R., Kerr, D.I.B.: The cerebral representation of deep somatic sensibility in the marsupial phalanger and the rabbit; an evoked potential and histological study. J. comp. Neurol. 100, 597 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albe-Fessard, D.: Organization of Somatic Sensory Projections. In: Contributions to Sensory Physiology, 2, 101. Ed. by W.D. Nefe. New York: Academic Press 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albe-Fessard, D., Liebeskind, J.: Origine des messages somatosensitifs activant les cellules du cortex moteur chez le singe. Exp. Brain Res. 1, 127 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allison, T.: Recovery functions of somatosensory evoked responses in man. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol. 14, 331 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amassian, V.E.: Cortical representation of visceral afferents. J. Neurophysiol. 14, 433 (1951 a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amassian, V.E.: Fibre groups and spinal pathways of cortically represented visceral afferents. J. Neurophysiol. 14, 445 (1951b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amassian, V.E.: Interaction in the somatovisceral projection system. Res. Publ. Ass. nerv. ment. Dis. 30, 371 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amassian, V.E.: Evoked single cortical unit activity in the somatic sensory areas. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol. 5, 415 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amassian, V.E.: Studies on organization of a somesthetic association area, including a single unit analysis. J. Neurophysiol. 17, 39 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amassian, V.E.: Microelectrode studies of the cerebral cortex. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 3, 67 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Amassian, V.E., DeVito, J. L.: La transmission dans le noyau de Burdach (Nucleus cuneatus). Étude analytique par unites isolées d’un rélais somatosensoriel primaire. Colloq. intern. centre natl. Rech. Sci. (Paris) 67, 353 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Amassian, V.E., Berlin, L.: Early projection of large muscle afferents from forelimb of cat to somatosensory cortex. Fed. Proc. 17, 3 (1958a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Amassian, V.E., Berlin, L.: Early cortical projection of group I afferents in the forelimb muscle nerves of cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 143, 61P (1958b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Amassian, V.E., Patton, H. D., Woodbury, J. W., Towe, A. L., Schlag, J.E.: An interpretation of the surface response in somatosensory cortex to peripheral and interareal afferent stimulation. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol. 7, 480 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, P., Andersson, S.A., Landgren, S.: Some properties of the thalamic relay cells in the spino-cervico-lemniscal path. Acta physiol. scand. 68, 72 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, P., Brooks, C. McC, Ecoles, J.C., Sears, T.A.: The ventrobasal nucleus of the thalamus: potential fields, synaptic transmission and excitability of both presynaptic and postsynaptic components. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 174, 348 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, S.A.: Projection of different spinal pathways to the second somatic sensory area in the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 56, Suppl. 194 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, S.A.: Intracellular postsynaptic potentials in the somatosensory cortex of the cat. Nature (Lond.) 205, 297 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, S.A.: Suppression of cortical spontaneous barbiturate spindles via specific and unspecific projection spinal pathways. Acta physiol. scand. 69, 191 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angel, A.: Evidence for cortical inhibtion of transmission at the thalamic sensory relay nucleus in the rat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 169, 108P (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Angel, A.: Cortical responses to paired stimuli applied peripherally and at sites along the somatosensory pathway. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 191, 427 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Auber, P.: Rôle de la voie lemniscale dans l’élaboration de résponses motrices extrapyramidales a des stimulations somethéiques. J. Physiol. (Paris) 56, 278 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Aubert, M., Legros, J.: Topographie des projections de la sensibilité viscerale sur l’écorce cerebrale du chat. Arch. ital. Biol. 108, 447 (1970a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aubert, M., Legros, J.: Topographie des projections de la sensibilité viscerale sur l’écorce cerebrale du chat. Arch. ital. Biol. 108, 423 (1970b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bard, P.: Studies on the cerebral cortex. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.) 30, 40 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bard, P.: Studies on the cortical representation of somatic sensibility. The Harvey Lectures Series 33, p. 143. New York: Academic Press 1938.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, R.M.: Some Thalamic and Cortical Mechanisms of Taste. In: Olfaction and Taste, 1, 309. Oxford: Pergamon Press 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, U.M., Burton, H.: Projection of taste nerve afferents to anterior opecular-insular cortex in squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Brain Res. 7, 221 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, R.M., Emmers, R., Blomquist, A.J.: Projection of tongue nerve afferents to somatic sensory area I in squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Brain Res. 7, 208 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, R.M., Pfaffmann, C: Cortical localization of taste in albino rat. J. Neurophysiol. 18, 56 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, R.M., Welker, W.I.: Somatic receiving areas of cerebral cortex of squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). J. Neurophysiol. 20, 286 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berlucchi, G.: Callosal activity in unrestrained, unanaesthetized cats. Arch. ital. Biol. 103, 623 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berman, A.L.: Overlap of somatic and auditory cortical response fields in anterior ectosylvian gyrus of cat. J. Neurophysiol. 24, 595 (1961a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berman, A.L.: Interaction of cortical responses to somatic and auditory stimuli in anterior ectosylvian gyrus of cat. J. Neurophysiol. 24, 608 (1961b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bessou, P., Perl, E.R.: A movement receptor of the small intestine. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 182, 404 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bignall, K.E., Imbert, M.: Polysensory and cortico-cortical connections to frontal lobe of squirrel and Rhesus monkey. E.E.G. clin. Neurophysiol. 26, 206 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bindman, L.J., Lippold, O.C.J., Redfearn, J.W.T.: Relation between the size and form of potentials evoked by sensory stimulation and the background electrical activity in the cerebral cortex of the rat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 171, 1 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, G.H.: The relation between nerve fibre size and sensory modality: Phylogenese implications of the afferent innervation of the cortex. J. nerv. ment. Dis. 128, 89 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, G.H.: The organization of cortex with respect to its afferent supply. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 94, 559 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, G.H., Smith, J.M.: The sizes of nerve fibres supplying cerebral cortex. Exp. Neurol. 9, 483 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blakemore, C.: The representation of three-dimensional visual space in the cat’s striate cortex. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 209, 155 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blomquist, A. J., Lorenzini, C.A.: Projection of dorsal roots and sensory nerves to cortical sensory-motor regions of squirrel monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 28, 1195 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bodeme R.C.W., Towe, A.L.: Cortical localization patterns in the somatic sensory cortex of the opossum. Exp. Neurol. 8, 380 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonin, G. von: The cerebral cortex of the Cebus monkey. J. comp. Neurol. 69, 181 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonin, G. von, Bailey, P.: The Neocortex of Macaca mulatta. Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press 1947.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonin, G. von, Mehler, W.R.: On columnar arrangements of nerve cells in cerebral cortex. Brain Res. 27, 1 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowshepv, D.: Termination of the central pain pathway in man: the conscious appreciation of pain. Brain 80, 606 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowsher, D.: Projection of the gracile and cuneate nuclei in Macaca mulatta: an experimental degeneration study. J. comp. Neurol. 110, 135 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowsher, D.: The termination of secondary somatosensory neurons within the thalamus of Macaca mulatta: An experimental degeneration study. J. comp. Neurol. 117, 213 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowsher, D.: The anatomophysiological basis of somatosensory discrimination. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 8, 35 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, E.H., Pandya, D.N., Bignall, K.E.: Homotopic and non-homotopic interhemispheric cortical projections in squirrel monkey. Exp. Neurol. 32, 256 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, J.A., Roberts, T.D.U.: Proprioceptive discharges from stretch receptors in the knee joint of cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 122, 38 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bremer, F.: Physiology of the corpus callosum. Res. Publ. Ass. nerv. ment. Dis. 36, 424 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodal, A., Pompeiano, O.: The vestibular nuclei in the cat. J. Anatomy 91, 438 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brookhart, J.M., Zanchetti, A.: The relation between electrocortical waves and responsiveness of the cortico-spinal system. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol. 8, 427 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, V.B.: Information Processing in the Motorsensory Cortex. In: Information Processing in the Nervous System, p. 231. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, V.B., Rudomin, P., Slayman, C.L.: Sensory activation of neurons in the cat’s cerebral cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 24, 286 (1961a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, V.B., Rudomin, P., Slayman, C.L.: Peripheral receptive fields of neurons in the cat’s cerebral cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 24, 302 (1961b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A.G.: Cutaneous afferent fibre collaterals in the dorsal columns of the cat. Exp. Brain Res. 5, 293 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A.G., Franz, D.N.: Responses of spinocervical tract neurons to natural stimulation of identified cutaneous receptors. Exp. Brain Res. 7, 231 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burgess, P.R., Clark, F.J.: Dorsal column projection of fibres from the cat knee joint. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 203, 301 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buser, P., Heinze, G.: Effects d’une association de stimuli périphériques hétérogènes sur l’activité de certaines aires corticales chez le chat. J. Physiol. Path. gén. 46, 284 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buser, P., Imbert, M.: Sensory Projections to the Motor Cortex in Cats: a Microelectrode Study. In: Sensory Communication, p. 607. New York: M.I.T. Press and J. Wiley and Sons 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, A. W.: Histological Studies on the Localization of Cerebral Function. Cambridge: Cambridge 1905.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carli, G., Diete-Spiff, K., Pompeiano, O.: Presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition on transmission of cutaneous afferent volleys through the cuneate nucleus during slepp. Experientia (Basel) 22, 239 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carli, G., Diete-Spiff, K., Pompeiano, O.: Vestibular influence during sleep. V. Vestibular control of somatic afferent transmission in the cuneate nucleus during desynchronized sleep. Arch. ital. Biol. 105, 83 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carreras, M., Andersson, S.A.: Functional properties of neurons of the anterior ectosylvian gyrus of the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 26, 100 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Celesia, G.G.: Segmental organization of cortical afferent areas in the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 26, 193 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, H.T., Woolsey, C.N., Jarcho, L.W., Henneman, E.: Representation of cutaneous tactile sensibility in the cerebral cortex of the spider monkey. Fed. Proc. 6, 89 (1947).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chow, K.L., Leiman, A. L.: The structural and functional organization of neocortex. Neurcsci. Res. Prog. Bulletin 8, No. 2, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, W.E. Le Gros, Boggon, R.H.: The thalamic connections of the parietal and frontal lobes of the brain in the monkey. Phil. Trans. B. 224, 313 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, W.E., Le Gros, Powell, T.P.S.: On the thalamo-cortical connexions of the general sensory cortex of Macaca. Proc. roy. Soc. B. 141, 467 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, M.J., Landgren, S., Strom, L., Zotterman, Y.: Cortical reception of touch and taste in the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 135, 40 Suppl. (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cragg, B.G.: The topography of the afferent projections in the circumstriate visual cortex of the monkey, studied by the Nauta method. Vision Res. 9, 733 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cragg, B.G., Dovner, J. de C.: Behavioral evidence for cortical involvement in manual temperature discrimination in the monkey. Exp. Neurol. 19, 433 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Creutzfeldt, O.D., Baumgartner, G., Schoen, L.: Reaktionen einzelner Neurone des senso-motorischen Cortex nach elektrischen Reizen. I. Hemmung und Erregung nach direkten und kontralateralen Einzelreizen. Arch. Psych. Zeit. Neurol. 194, 597 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Creutzfeldt, O.D., Lux, H.D., Watanabe, S.: Electrophysiology of Cortical Nerve Cells. In: The Thalamus, p. 209. New York: Columbia Univ. Press 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curry, M.J.: An electrophysiological Study of the Somatic posterior group. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 214, 8P (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cushing, H.: A note upon the faradic stimulation of the postcentral gyrus in conscious patients. Brain 32, 44 (1909).

    Google Scholar 

  • Darian-Smith, I., Isbister, J., Mok, H., Yokota, T.: Somatic sensory cortical projection areas excited by tactile stimulation of the cat: a triple representation. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 182, 671 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, G.D.: A summation technique for the detection of small evoked potentials. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol. 6, 65 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Denny-Brown, D., Chambers, R.A.: The parietal lobe and behavior. Res. Publ. Ass. nerv. ment. Dis. 36, 35 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeVito, J. L.: Thalamic projection of the anterior ectosylvian gyrus (somatic area II) in the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 131, 67 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeVito, J.L., Ruch, T.C., Patton, H.D.: Analysis of residual weight discriminatory ability and evoked potentials following section of dorsal column in monkeys. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 8, 117 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, I.I.: The sensory neocartex. In: Contributions to sensory physiology, 2, 51. New York: Academic Press 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downman, C.B.B.: Cerebral destination of splanchnic afferent impulses. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 113, 434 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dreyer, D.A., Schneider, R.J., Metz, C.B., Whitsel, B.L.: Differential contributions of spinal pathways to the hindlimb representation in the postcentral gyrus. J. Neurophysiol. (in print) (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubrovskk, B., Davelaar, E., Garcia-Rill, E.: The role of dorsal columns in serial order acts. Exp. Neurol. 33, 93 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Duffy, F.H., Burchfiel, J.L.: Somatosensory system-organizational hierarchy from single units in monkey area 5. Science 172, 273 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dusser de Barenne, J. G.: Experimental researches on sensory localization in the cerebral cortex of the monkey (Macacus). Proc. roy. Soc. B. 96, 272 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebner, F.F.: Afferent Connections to Neocortex in the Opossum (Didelphis virginiana). J. comp. Neurol. 129, 241 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebner, F.F.: A Comparison of Primitive Forebrain Organization in Metatherian and Euthe-rian Mammals. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 167, 241 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebner, F.F., Myers, R.E.: Commissural connections in the neocortex of monkey. Anat. Rec. 142, 229 (1962a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebner, F.F., Myers, R.E.: Corpus callosum and the interhemispheric transmission of tactual learning. J. Neurophysiol. 25, 380 (1962b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebner, F.F., Myers, R.E.: Distribution of corpus callosum and interior commissure in cat and raccoon. J. comp. Neurol. 124, 353 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, E.F.: Upper and Lower Levels of the Auditory System: A Contrast of Structure and Function. In: Neural Networks, p. 24. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Favale, E., Loeb, C., Manfredi, M., Sacco, G.: Somatic afferent transmission and cortical responsiveness during natural sleep and arousal in the cat. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol. 18, 354 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finger, S., Frommer, G.P.: Effects of cortical and thalamic lesions on temperature discrimination and responsiveness to foot shock in the rat. Brain Res. 24, 69 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzhugh, R.: The statistical detection of threshold signals in the retina. J. gen. Physiol. 40, 925 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foerster, O.: The cerebral cortex in man. Lancet 221, 309 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbes, A., Morison, B.R.: Cortical response to sensory stimulation under deep barbiturate narcosis. J. Neurophysiol. 2, 112 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, S.S., O’Brien, J.H.: Duplication of evoked potential waveform by curve of probability of firing of a single cell. Science 147, 888 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, S.S., Norman, R. J.: Functional congruence — an index of neural homogeneity and a new measure of brain activity. Science 159, 1257 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franzen, O.: On spatial summation in the tactual sense. Scand. J. Psychol. 10, 193 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franzen, O.: Neural activity in the somatic primary receiving area of the human brain and its relation to perceptual estimates. IEEE Transactions, Vol. MMS-11, p. 115, 1970

    Google Scholar 

  • Franzen, O., Offenloch, K.: Evoked response correlates of psychophysical magnitude estimates for tactile stimulation in man. Exp. Brain Res. 8, 1 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, J.M., Figge, U., Scheid, P., Kornhuber, H.H.: Vestibular nerve projection to the cerebral cortex of Rhesus monkey. Exp. Brain Res. 2, 318 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gardiner, E.: Conductic rates and dorsal root inflow of sensory fibres from the knee joint of the cat. Amer. J. Physiol. 152, 436 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, E., Thomas, L.M., Morin, F.: Cortical projection of fast visceral afferents in the cat and monkey. Amer. J. Physiol. 183, 438 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geisler, C.D., Gerstein, G.L.: The surface EEG in relation to its sources. E.E.G. clin. Neurophysiol. 13, 927 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelfan, S., Carter, S.: Muscle sense in man. Exp. Neurol. 18, 469 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerard, R.W., Marshall, W.H., Saul, L.J.: Cerebral action potentials. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 30, 1123 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerard, R.W., Marshall, W.H., Saul, L.J.: Electrical activity of the cat’s brain. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.) 36, 675 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gernandt, B., Zotterman, Y.: Intestinal pain: an electrophysiological investigation on mesenteric nerves. Acta physiol. scand. 12, 56 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Geschwind, N.: Disconnexion syndromes in animals and man. Brain 88, 237 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilman, S., Denny-Brown, D.: Disorders of movement and behavior following dorsal column lesions. Brain 89, 397 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glassman, R.: Cutaneous discrimination and motor control following somatosensory cortical ablation. Physiol. Behav. 5, 1009 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Globus, A., Scheibel, A.B.: Pattern and field in cortical structure: the rabbit. J. comp. Neurol. 131, 155 (1967a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goff, W.R., Rosner, B.S., Allison, T.: Distribution of cerebral somatosensory evoked responses in normal man. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol. 14, 697 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldring, S., Aras, E., Weber, P.C.: Comparative Study of Sensory Input to Motor Cortex in Animals and Man. E.E.G. clin. Neurophysiol. 29, 537 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, G.M., McCloskey, D.I., Matthews, P.B.C.: The persistence of appreciable kinesthesis after paralyzing joint afferents but preserving muscle afferents. Brain Res. 37, 326 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guillery, R.W., Adrian, H.O., Woolsey, C.N., Rose, J.E.: Activation of Somatosensory Areas I and II of Cat’s Cerebral Cortex by Focal Stimulation of the Ventrobasal Complex. In: The Thalamus, p. 197. New York: Columbia 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hand, P. J., Morrison, A.R.: Thalamocortical projections in the cat. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 167, 258 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hand, P.J., Morrison, A.R.: Thalamocortical projections from the ventrobasal complex to somatic sensory areas I and II. Exp. Neurol. 26, 291 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hassler, R., Muhs-Clement, K.: Architektonischer Aufbau des sensomotorischen und parietalen Cortex der Katze. J. Hirnforsch. 6, 377 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Herre, W.: Einige Bemerkungen zur Modifikabilitaet, Vererbung und Evolution von Merkmalen des Vorderhirns von Säugetieren, p. 162–174. In: Evolution of the forebrain, R. Hassler and H. Stephan, edits. New York: Plenum Press 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrick, C. J.: The Brain of the Tiger Salamander. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, J.F., Coxe, W.S.: Representation of cutaneous tactile sensibility in cerebral cortex of cebus. J. Neurophysiol. 21, 481 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hind, J.E.: Unit Activity in the Auditory Cortex. In: Neural Mechanisms of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems, p. 201. Springfield: Thomas 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubel, D.H., Wiesel, T.N.: Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat’s visual cortex. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 160, 106 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hubel, D. H., Wiesel, T.N.: Shape and arrangement of columns in the cat’s striate cortex. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 165, 559 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hubel, D.H., Wiesel, T.N.: Anatomical demonstration of columns in the monkey striate cortex. Nature (Lond.) 221, 747 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, W.E., Goldring, S.: Maturation of evoked response of the visual cortex of postnatal rabbit. E.E.G. clin. Neurophysiol. 3, 465 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jasper, H. H.: Studies of non-specific afferents upon electrical responses in sensory system. Progr. Brain Res. 1, 273 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.G.: Interrelationships of parieto-temporal and frontal cortex in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res. 13, 412 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.G., Powell, T.P.S.: The ipsilateral cortical connexions of the somatic sensory areas in cat. Brain Res. 9, 71 (1968a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E. G., Powell, T.P. S.: The projection of the somatic sensory cortex upon the thalamus in the cat. Brain Res. 10, 369 (1968b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.G., Powell, T.P.S.: The commissural connections of the somatic sensory cortex of cat. J. Anat. (Lond.) 103, 433 (1968c).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E. G., Powell, T.P. S.: Connexions of the somatic sensory cortex of the rhesus monkey. II. Contralateral cortical connexions. Brain 92, 717 (1969a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.G., Powell, T.P.S.: The cortical projection of the ventroposterior nucleus of the thalamus in the cat. Brain Res. 13, 298 (1969b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.G., Powell, T.P.S.: Connexions of the somatic sensory cortex of the rhesus monkey. I. Ipsilateral cortical connexions. Brain 92, 477 (1969c).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E. G., Powell, T. P. S.: An electron microscopic study of the laminar pattern and mode of termination of afferent fibre pathways in the somatic sensory cortex of the cat. Phil. Trans. B. 257, 45 (1970a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E. G., Powell, T.P. S.: An anatomical study of converging sensory pathways with the cerebral cortex of monkey. Brain 93, 793 (1970b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.G., Powell, T.P.S.: Connexions of the somatic sensory cortex of Rhesus monkey. III. Thalamic Connexions. Brain 93, 37 (1970c).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karol, E.A., Pandya, D.N.: The distribution of the corpus callosum in the Rhesus monkey. Brain 94, 471 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, D.: Der Aufbau der Tastwelt. Leipzig: Barth 1925.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keidel, W.D.: Electrophysiology of Vibratory Perception. In: Contributions to Sensory Physiology, Vol. 3, p. 1. New York Academic Press 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, T.T., Towe, A.L.: Response of somatosensory cortical units to variations in stimulus intensity. Fed. Proc. 17, 85 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, T.T., Towe, A.L.: Identification of a fast lemniscocortical system in the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 160, 535 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King, E. E., Naquet, R., Magoun, H. W.: Alterations in somatic afferent transmission through the thalamus by central mechanisms and barbiturates. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 119, 48 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitai, S.T., Weinberg, J.: Tactile discrimination study of the dorsal column — medial lemniscal system and spino-cervico-thalamic tract in cat. Exp. Brain Res. 6, 234 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreisman, N.R., Zimmerman, I.D.: Cortical unit responses to temperature stimulation of skin. Brain Res. 25, 184 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuypers, H.G.J.M., Szwarcbart, M.K., Mishkin, M., Resvold, H.E.: Occipito temporal cortico-cortical connections in the Rhesus monkey. Exp. Neurol. 11, 245 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landau, W.M.: Evoked Potentials. In: The Neurosciences — A Study Program, p. 469. New York: Rockefeller University Press 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landgren, S.: Convergence of tactile, thermal and gustatory impulses on single cortical cells. Acta physiol. scand. 40, 210 (1957a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landgren, S.: Cortical reception of cold impulses from the tongue of the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 40, 202 (1957b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landgren, S., Nordwall, A., Wengström, C: The location of the thalamic relay in the spino-cervico-lemniscal path. Acta physiol. scand. 65, 164 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Landgren, S., Silfvenius, H.: Projection to cerebral cortex of Group I muscle afferents from the cat’s hindlimb. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 200, 353 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landgren, S., Silfvenius, H.: Nucleus Z, the medullary relay in the projection path to the cerebral cortex of group I muscle afferents from the cat’s hindlimb. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 218, 551(1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landgren, S., Silfvenius, H., Wolsh, D.: Somatosensory paths to the second cortical projection area of the group I muscle afferents. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 191, 543 (1967a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landgren, S., Silfvenius, H., Wolsh, D.: Vestibular, cochlear and trigeminal projections to the cortex in the anterior suprasylvian sulcus of the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 191, 561 (1967b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langhof, H., Rubia, F. J.: Splanchnic afferents on the cerebral cortex of the cat. Pflügers Arch. 312, 18 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lende, R.: Cerebral cortex: a sensorimotor amalgam in the marsupialia. Science 141, 730 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lende, R.R.: A comparative approach to the neocortex: localization in monotremes, marsupials and insectivores. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 167, 262 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lende, R.R., Woolsey, C.N.: Sensory and motor localization in cerebral cortex of porcupine (Erethizon Dorsatum). J. Neurophysiol. 19, 544 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leriche, R.: Des douleures provoquées per l’excitation du bent central des grands splanchni-ques ou cours des splanchnicotomies. Presse méd. 45, 971 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Levitt, M., Levitt, J.: Sensory hind-limb representation in SMI cortex of the cat. A unit analysis. Exp. Neurol. 22, 259 (1968a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levitt, M., Levitt, J.: Sensory hind-limb representation in the SMI cortex of the cat after spinal tractotomies. Exp. Neurol. 22, 276 (1968b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, C. L., Cullen, C., Jasper, H. H.: Laminar microelectrode studies of specific somatosensory cortical potentials. J. Neurophysiol. 19, 111 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Libet, B.: Brain stimulation and the threshold of conscious experience. In: Brain and conscious experience, edit. J. C. Ecoles, Springer 1965 a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Libet, B.: Cortical activation in conscious and unconscious experience. Perspect. Biol. Med. 9, 77 (1965b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Libet, B., Alberts, W.W., Wright, E.W., Feinstein, B.: Responses of human somatosensory cortex to stimuli below threshold for conscious sensation. Science 158, 1597 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locke, S.: Thalamic connections to insular and opercular cortex of monkey. J. comp. Neurol. 129, 219 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg, A.: Supraspinal control of transmission in reflex paths to motoneurons and primary afferents. Progr. Brain Res. 12, 197 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lux, H.D., Nacimiento, A.C., Creutzfeldt, O.D.: Gegenseitige Beeinflussung von postsynaptischen Potentialen corticaler Nervenzellen nach Reizen in unspezifischen und spezifischen Kernen des Thalamus. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 281, 170 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macchi, G., Angeleri, F., Guazzi, G.: Thalamo-cortical connections of the first and second somatic sensory areas in the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 111, 387 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malcolm, J.L., Darian-Smith, I.: Convergence within the pathways to cat’s somatic sensory cortex activated by mechanical stimulation of the skin. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 144, 257 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manson, J.: The somatosensory cortical projection of single nerve cells in the thalamus of the cat. Brain Res. 12, 489 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marin-Padilla, M.: Prenatal and early postnatal ontogenesis of the human motor cortex; a Golgi study. Brain Res. 23, 167 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mark, R.F., Steiner, J.: Cortical projection of impulses in myelinated cutaneous afferent nerve fibres of the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 142, 544 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, W.H., Woolsey, C.N., Bard, P.: Observations on cortical somatic sensory mechanisms of cat and monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 4, 1 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  • McLntyre, A.K.: Symbolic mechanisms in biology. Aust. J. Sci. 19, 171 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre, A. K.: Central Projection of Impulses from Muscle Receptors Activated by Muscle Stretch. In: Symposium on Muscle Receptors, p. 19. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press 1962 a.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre, A. K.: Cortical projection of impulses in the interosseous nerve of the cat’s hind-limb. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 183, 46 (1962b).

    Google Scholar 

  • McLntyre, A.K., Holman, M.E., Veale, J.L.: Cortical responses to impulses from single pacinian corpuscles in the cat’s hindlimb. Exp. Brain Res. 4, 243 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • McLeod, J. G.: The representation of the splanchnic afferent pathways in the thalamus of the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 140, 462 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehler, W.R.: The mammalian “pain tract” in phylogeny. Anat. Rec. 127, 332 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehler, W.R.: Some observations on secondary ascending afferent systems in the central nervous system. In: Pain, p. 11. Ed. by R.S. Knighton and P.R. Dumke. Boston: Little Brown Co. 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehler, W.R., Feferman, M.E., Nauta, W.J.H.: Ascending axon degeneration following anterolateral cordotomy. An experimental study in the monkey. Brain 83, 718 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meller, K., Breipohl, W., Glees, P.: Synaptic organization of the molecular and outer granular layer in the motor cortex in the white mouse during postnatal development. Z. Zellforsch. 92, 217 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melzack, R., Bridges, J.A.: Dorsal column contribution to motor behavior. Exp. Neurol. 33, 53 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mickle, W. A., Ades, H. W.: A composite sensory projection area in the cerebral cortex of the cat. Amer. J. Physiol. 170, 682 (1952).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molliver, M.E.: An ontogenetic study of evoked, somesthetic cortical responses in sheep. Progr. Brain Res. 26, 78 (1967). Ed. by C.G. Bernhard and J.P. Schadé.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molliver, M.E., Van der Loos, H.: The ontogenesis of cortical curcuitry. The spatial distribution of synapses in somesthetic cortex of newborn dog. Ergebn. Anat. Entwickl.-Gesch. 42, 7 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morest, D.K.: The growth of dendrites in the mamalian brain. J. Anat. Entwickl.-Gesch. 128, 290 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morin, F.: A new spinal pathway for cutaneous impulses. Amer. J. Physiol. 183, 245 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morison, R.S., Dempsey, E.W.: A study of thalamo-cortical relations. Amer. J. Physiol, 135, 281 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, A.R., Hand, P.J., O’Donoghue, J.: Contrasting projections from the posterior and ventrobasal thalamic nuclear complexes to the anterior ectosylvian gyrus of the cat. Brain Res. 21, 115(1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mountcastle, V. B.: Modality and topographic properties of single neurons of cat’s somatic sensory cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 20, 408 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mountcastle, V.B.: Some Functional Properties of the Somatic Afferent System. In: Sensory Communication, p. 403. New York: M.I.T. and Wiley 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mountcastle, V.B.: The Problem of Sensing and the Neural Coding of Sensory Events. In: The Neurosciences, p. 393. New York: Rockefeller 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mountcastle, V.B., Covian, M.R., Harrison, C.R.: The central representation of some forms of deep sensibility. Res. Publ. Ass. nerv. ment. Dis. 30, 339 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mountcastle, V.B., Davies, P.W., Berman, A.L.: Response properties of neurons of cat’s somatic sensory cortex to peripheral stimuli. J. Neurophysiol. 20, 374 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mountcastle, V.B., Darian-Smith, I.: Neural Mechanisms in Somesthesis. In: Medical Physiology, 12th edit. p. 1372. St. Louis: Mosby 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mountcastle, V.B., Henneman, E.: The representation of tactile sensibility in the thalamus of the monkey. J. comp. Neurol. 97, 409 (1952).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mountcastle, V.B., Poggro, G.F., Werner,G.: The relation of thalamic cell response to peripheral stimuli varied over the intensive continuum. J. Neurophysiol. 26, 807 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mountcastle, V.B., Powell, T.P.S.: Neural mechanisms subserving cutaneous sensibility, with special reference to the role of afferent inhibition in sensory perception and discrimination. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 105, 201 (1959a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mountcastle, V.B., Powell, T.P.S.: Neural mechanisms subserving cutaneous sensibility with special reference to the role of afferent inhibition on sensory perception and discrimination. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 105, 201 (1959b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mountcastle, V.B., Talbot, W.H., Kornhuber, H.H.: The Neural Transformation of Mechanical Stimuli Delivered to the Monkey’s Hand. In: Touch, Heat and Pain, p. 325. Boston: Little Brown 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mountcastle, V.B., Talbot, W.H., Sakata, H., Hyvarinen, J.: Cortical neuronal mechanisms in flutter-vibration studied in unanaesthetized monkeys. Neuronal periodicity and frequency discrimination. J. Neurophysiol. 32, 452 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myerson, B.A., Persson, H.E.: Evoked unitary and gross electric activity in the cerebral cortex in early prenatal ontogeny. Nature (Lond.) 221, 1248 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nacimiento, A.C., Lux, H.D., Creutzfeldt, O.D.: Postsynaptische Potentiale an Nervenzellen des motorischen Cortex nach elektrischer Reizung specifischer und unspecifischer Thalamuskerne. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 281, 152 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakahama, H.: Contralateral and ipsilateral cortical responses from somatic afferent nerves. J. Neurophysiol. 21, 611 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakahama, H.: Cerebral response in somatic area I of ipsilateral somatic II origin. J. Neurophysiol. 23, 75 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman, P.P.: Single unit activity in the viscerosensory areas of the cerebral cortex. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 160, 284 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noback, C.R., Purpura, D.P.: Postnatal ontogenesis of neurons in cat neocortex. J. comp. Neurol. 117, 291 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noback, C.R., Shriver, J.E.: Phylogenese and ontogenetic Aspects of the Lemniscal Systems and the Pyramidal System. In: Evolution of the Forebrain, p. 316. New York: Plenum 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noback, C.R., Shriver, J.E.: Encephalization and the lemniscal systems during phylogeny. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 167, art. 1, 118 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Norrsell, U.: The spinal afferent pathway of conditioned reflexes to cutaneous stimulation in the dog. Exp. Brain Res. 2, 269 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donoghue, J., Morrison, A.R., Hand, P.J.: Contrasting cortical projections from the ventrobasal (VB) and posterior (PO) thalamic complexes of the cat. Anat. Rec. 166, 356 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Oeconomos, D., Scherrer, J.: Étude des potentiels évoqués corticaux sométhesiques des le chat nouveauné. C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 147, 1229 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olszewski, J.: The Thalamus of Macaca mulatta Basel: Karger 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oonishi, S., Katsuki, Y.: Functional organization and integrative mechanism of the auditory cortex of cat. Jap. J. Physiol. 15, 342 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Oscarsson, O.: Proprioceptive and Exteroceptive Projections to the Pericruciate Cortex of the Cat. In: Studies in Physiology, p. 221. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oscarsson, O., Rosén, I.: Projection to cerebral cortex of large muscle-spindle afferents in forelimb nerves of the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 169, 924 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oscarsson, O., Rosén, I.: Short-latency projections to the cat’s cerebral cortex from skin and muscle afferents in the contralateral forelimb. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 182, 164 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oscarsson, O., Rosén, I., Sulg, L: Organization of neurones in the cat cerebral cortex that are influenced from Group I muscle afferents. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 183, 189 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oscarsson, O., Rosén, I., Uddenberg, N.: A comparative study of ascending spinal tracts activated from hindlimb afferents in monkey and dog. Arch. ital. Biol. 102, 137 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandya, D.N., Vignolo, L.A.: Interhemispheric neocortical projections of somatosensory areas I and II in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res. 7, 300 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandya, D.N., Kuypers, H.G.J.M.: Cortico-cortical connections in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res. 13, 13 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patton, H.D., Amassian, V.E.: Cortical projection zone of chorda tympani nerve in cat. J. Neurophysiol. 15, 245 (1952).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Penfield, W.G., Boldrey, E.: Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation. Brain 60, 389 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Penfield, W., Rasmussen, T.: The Cerebral Cortex in Man. New York: McMillan 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penfield, W., Jasper, H.H.: Epilepsy and the functional anatomy of the human brain. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perkel, D.H., Bullock, T.H.: Neural Coding. Neurosci. Res. Progr. 6, 221 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Perl, E.R., Casby, J.U.: Localization of cerebral electrical activity: the acoustic cortex of cat. J. Neurophysiol. 17, 429 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perl, E.R., Whitlock, D.G.: Potentials evoked in cerebral somatosensory region. J. Neurophysiol. 18, 486 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perl, E.R., Whitlock, D.G.: Somatic stimuli exciting spinothalamic projections to thalamic neurons in cat and monkey. Exp. Neurol. 3, 256 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petit, D., Burgess, P.R.: Dorsal column projection of receptors in cat hairy skin supplied by myelinated fibres. J. Neurophysiol. 31, 849 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, C.G., Powell, T.P.S., Wiesendanger, M.: Projection from low threshold muscle afferentsof hand and forearm to area 3a of baboon’s cortex. J.Physiol. (Lond.) 210, 59P (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinto Hamuy, T., Bromiley, R.B., Woolsey, C.N.: Somatic afferent areas I and II of dog’s cerebral cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 19, 485 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poggio, G.F., Mountcastle, V.B.: A study of the functional contributions of the lemniscal and spinothalamic systems to somatic sensibility. Central nervous mechanisms in pain. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 106, 266 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poggio, G.F., Mountcastle, V.B.: The functional properties of ventrobasal thalamic neurons studied in unanaesthetized monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 26, 775 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poliak, S.: The Main Afferent Fibre Systems of the Cerebral Cortex in Primates. Berkeley: Univ. of Calif. Press 1932.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poliakov, G.I.: Embryonal and postembryonal development of neurons in the human cerebral cortex, p. 249. In: Evolution of the forebrain. Ed. by R. Hassler and H. Stephan. New York: Plenum Press 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O.: Mechanism of sensorimotor integration during sleep. In: Prog. Physiol. Psychol. Vol. 3, p. 3. Ed. by E. Stellar and J.M. Sprague. New York: Academic Press 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O., Brodal, A.: Spino-vestibular fibres in the cat. An experimental study. J. comp. Neurol. 108, 353 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano, O., Carli, G., Kawamura, H.: Transmission of sensory information through ascending spinal hindlimb pathways during sleep and wakefulness. Arch. ital. Biol. 105, 529 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poulos, D.A., Benjamin, R.M.: Response of thalamic neurons to thermal stimulation of the tongue. J. Neurophysiol. 31, 28 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, T.P.S., Mountcastle, V.B.: The cytoarchitecture of the postcentral gyrus of the monkey Macaca mulatta. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 105, 108 (1959a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, T.P.S., Mountcastle, V.B.: Some aspects of the functional organization of the cortex of the postcentral gyrus of the monkey: a correlation of findings obtained in a single unit analysis with cytoarchitecture. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 105, 133 (1959b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pribram, K.H.: The Amnestic Syndromes: Disturbances in Coding? In: The Pathology of Memory, p. 127. New York and London: Academic Press 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Provins, K.A.: The effect of peripheral nerve block on the appreciation and execution of finger movements. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 143, 55 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pubols, B.H., Pubols, L.M.: Forelimb, hindlimb, and tail dermatomes in the spider monkey (Ateles). Brain Behav. Evol. 2, 132 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pubols, B.H., Pubols, L.M.: Somatotopic organization of spider monkey somatic sensory cerebral cortex. J. comp. Neurol. 141, 63 (1971).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pubols, L.M.: Some behavioral, physiological and anatomical aspects of the somatic sensory nervous system of the spider monkey (Ateles). Ph. D. Dissertation, Univ. of Wisconsin 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Purpura, D.P.: Nature of electrocortical potentials and synaptic organization in cerebral and cerebellar cortex. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 1, 47 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purpura, D.P.: Analysis of axodendritic synaptic organizations in immature cerebral cortex. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 94, 604 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purpura, D.P.: Comparative Physiology of Dendrites. In: The Neurosciences — A Study Program, p. 372. New York: Rockefeller Univ. Press 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Purpura, D.P., Grundfest, H.: Nature of dendritic potentials and synaptic mechanisms in cerebral cortex of cat. J. Neurophysiol. 19, 573 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Purpura, D.P., Shofer, R.J.: Cortical intracellular potentials during augmenting and recruiting responses. I. Effects of injected hyperpolarizing currents on evoked membrane potential changes. J. Neurophysiol. 27, 117 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purpura, D.P., Shofer, R.J., Musgrave, F.S.: Cortical intracellular potentials during augmenting and recruiting response. II. Patterns of synaptic activities in pyramidal and nonpyramidal tract neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 27, 113 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramón-Moliner, E.: The histology of the postcruciate gyrus in the cat. II. A statistical analysis of the dendritic distribution. J. comp. Neurol. 117, 63 (1961).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramön-Moliner, E.: In: Structural and functional organization of neocortex. Ed. by K. Chow and A.L.L. Leiman (1970). Neurosci. Res. Bull 8, No. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ray, B.S., Neill, C.L.: Abdominal visceral sensation in man. Ann. Surg. 126, 709 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Renfrew, S., Melville, I.D.: The somatic sense of space (choraesthesia) and its threshold. Brain 83, 93 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ringel, R.L., Ewanowski, S.J.: Oral perception: 1. Two point discrimination. J. Speech Res. 8, 390 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, T.D.U., Akert, K.: Insular and opercular cortex and its thalamic projection in Macaca mulatta. Schweiz. Arch. Neurol. Neurochir. Psychiat. 92, 1 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, J.E.: The cellular structure of the auditory region of cat. J. comp. Neurol. 91, 409 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, J.E., Woolsey, C.N.: Cortical Connections and Functional Organization of the Thalamic Auditory System of the Cat. In: Biological and Biochemical Bases of Behavior. Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, J.E., Mountcastle, V.B.: Touch and Kinesthesis. In: Handbook of Physiology, Neurophysiology I. P. 387. Washington, D.C.: Amer. Physiol. Soc. 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosner, B.S., Goff, W.R., Allison, T.: Cerebral Electrical Responses to External Stimuli. In: EEG and Behavior, p. 109. New York: Basic Books 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosner, B.S., Goff, W.R.: Electrical Responses of the Nervous System and Subjective Scales of Intensity. In: Contributions to Sensory Physiology, Vol. 2, p. 169. New York: Academic Press 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosner, B.S., Schmid, E., Novak, S., Allison, T.: Responses at cerebral somatosensory I and peripheral nerve evoked by graded electrocutaneous stimulation. Amer. J. Physiol. 196, 1083 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, M.J., Sessle, B.J.: Somatic afferent input to posterior thalamic neurones and their axon projection to the cerebral cortex in cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 196, 19 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubel, E.W.: A comparison of somatotopic organization in sensory neocortex of newborn kittens and adult cats. J. comp. Neurol. 143, 447 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruch, T.C., Fulton, J.F., German, W.J.: Sensory discrimination in monkey, chimpanzee and man after lesions of the parietal lobe. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.) 39, 919 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruch, T.C., Patton, H.D., Amassian, V.E.: Topographical and functional determinants of cortical localization patterns. Res. Publ. Ass. nerv. ment. Dis. 30, 403 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakata, H., Miyamoto, J.: Topographic relationship between the receptive fields of neurons in the motor cortex and the movements elicited by focal stimulation in freely moving cats. Jap. J. Physiol. 18, 489 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanides, F.: The architecture of the cortical taste nerve areas in squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) and their relationships to insular, sensorimotor and prefrontal regions. Brain Res. 8, 97 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanides, F.: Comparative architectures of the neocortex of mammals and their evolutionary interpretation. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 167, 404 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanides, F.: Functional architecture of motor and sensory cortices in primates in the light of a new concept of neocortex evolution. In: The Primate Brain, Adv. in Primatology, Vol. 1, p. 137. Ed. by C.R. Noback and W. Montagna. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Santibanez, G., Tarnecki, R., Termichi, B., Konoski, J.: Konowa representacja strung bebendowej u psow. Acta physiol. pol. II, 882 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schade, J.P., Meeter, K., Groeningen, W.B.V.: Maturational aspects of the dendrites in the human cerebral cortex. Acta morph. neerl.-scand. 5, 37 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheibel, M.E., Scheibel, A.B.: Structural Substrates for Integrative Patterns in the Brain Stem Reticular Core. In: Reticular Formation of the Brain, p. 31. Boston: Little, Brown 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheibel, M.E., Scheibel, A.B.: Elementary processes in selected thalamic and cortical subsystems — the structural substrates. In: Neurosciences — Second Study Program. F. O. Sclitt et al. edits. New York: The Rockefeller Press 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherrer, J., Oeconomos, D.: Résponses évoquées corticales somésthesiques des mammifères adult et nouveau-né. In: Les Grandes Activities du Lobe Temporal. Paris: Masson 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, A. S., Eidelberg, E.: Extinction to bilateral simultaneous stimulation in the monkey. Neurology 18, 61 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartzman, R.J., Bogdonoff, M.D.: proprioception and vibration sensibility discrimination in the ansence of posterior columns. Arch. Neurol. (Chic.) 20, 349 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartzman, R. J., Semmes, J.: The sensory cortex and tactile sensitivity. Exp. Neurol. 33, 47 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz, D.W.F., Fredrickson, J.M.: Rhesus monkey vestibular cortex — a bimodal primary projection field. Science 172, 280 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selzer, M., Spencer, W.A.: Convergence of visceral and cutaneous afferent pathways in the lumbar spinal cord. Brain Res. 14, 331 (1969a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selzer, M., Spencer, W.A.: Interactions between visceral and cutaneous afferents in the spinal cord: reciprocal primary afferent fibre depolarization. Brain Res. 14, 349 (1969b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Semmes, J.: Protopathic and epicritic sensation — a reappraisal, p. 142. In: Contributions to Clinical Neuropsychology, A.L. Benton, edit. Chicago: Aldine 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjöqvist, O., Weinstein, E.A.: The effect of section of the medial lemniscus on proprioceptive functions in chimpanzees and monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 5, 69 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shagass, C., Schwartz, M.: Evoked cortical potentials and sensation in man. J. Neuropsy-chiat. 2, 262 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shagass, C., Schwartz, M.: Cerebral responsiveness in psychiatric patients. Intensity-response gradients and recovery cycles of somatosensory evoked potentials. Arch. gen. Psychiat. 8, 177 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheehan, D.: The afferent nerve supply of the mesentery and its significance in the causation of abdominal pain. J. Anat. (Lond.) 67, 233 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Silfvenius, H.: Projections to the cerebral cortex from afferents of the interosseous nerve of cats. Acta physiol. scand. 80, 196 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, W.A., Brookhart, J.M.: Electrical patterns of augmenting and recruiting waves in depths of sensorimotor cortex of cat. J. Neurophysiol. 24, 26 (1961a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, W.A., Brookhart, J.M.: A study of spontaneous spindle waves in sensorimotor cortex of cat. J. Neurophysiol. 24, 50 (1961b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprague, J.M., Levitt, M., Robson, K., Liu, C.N., Stellar, E., Chambers, W.W.: A neu-roanatomical and behavioral analysis of the syndromes resulting from midbrain-lemniscal and reticular lesions in the cat. Arch. ital. Biol. 101, 225 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stamm, J.D., Sperry, R. W.: function of corpus callosum in contralateral transfer of somest-hetic discrimination in cat. J. comp, physiol. Psychol. 50, 138 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, S.S.: On the Psychophysical law. Psychol. Rev. 64, 153 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swett, J.E., Bourassa, C.M.: Comparison of sensory discrimination thresholds with muscle and cutaneous nerve volleys in the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 30, 530 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szentagothai, J.: The anatomy of complex integrative units in the nervous system Rec. Developments in Neurobiology in Hungary 1, 9 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Talbot, W.H., Darian-Smith, I., Kornhuber, H.H., Mountcastle, V.B.: The sense of flutter vibration: comparison of the human capacity with response patterns of mechano-receptive afferents from the monkey hand. J. Neurophysiol. 31, 301 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tapper, D.N.: Behavioral evaluation of the tactile pad receptor system in hairy skin of cat. Exp. Neurol. 26, 447 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teitelbaum, H., Sharpless, S.K., Byck, R.: Role of somatosensory cortex in interhemisphe-ric transfer of tactile habits J. comp, physiol. Psychol. 66, 623 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, W.D., Stokey, S.D., Asanuma, H.: Characteristics of projections from primary sensory cortex to motor sensory cortex in cats. Brain Res. 22, 15 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Towe, A.L.: On the nature of the primary evoked response. Exp. Neurol. 15, 113 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Towe, A.L.: Neuronal Population Behavior in the Somatosensory Systems. In: The Skin Senses, p. 552. Springfield: Thomas 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Towe, A. L., Amassian, V. E.: Patterns of activity in single cortical units following stimulation of the digits in monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 21, 292 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Towe, A.L., Morse, R.W.: Dependence of the response characteristics of somatosensory neurons on the form of their afferent input. Exp. Neurol. 6, 407 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Towe, A.L., Patton, H.D., Kennedy, T.T.: Response properties of neurons in the pericru-ciate cortex of the cat following electrical stimulation of the appendages. Exp. Neurol. 10, 325 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Truex, R.C., Taylor, M. J., Smythe, M.Q., Gildenberg, P.L.: The lateral cervical nucleus of cat, dog and man. J. comp. Neurol. 139, 93 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uttal, W.R.: Evoked Brain Potentials — Signs or Codes. Perspect. Biol. Med. 10, 627 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uttal, W.R., Cook, L.: Systematics of the evoked somatosensory cortical potentials. IBM J. Res. Develop. 6, 179 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vierck, C.J.: Spinal pathways mediating limb position sense. Anat. Rec. 154, 437 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Voeller, K., Pappas, G.D., Purpura, D.P.: Electron microscope study of development of cat superficial neocortex. Exp. Neurol. 7, 107 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Voot, C., Vogt, O.: Allgemeine Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. J. Psychol. Neurol. (Lpz.) 25, 279 (1919).

    Google Scholar 

  • Walberg, F., Bowsher, D., Brodal, A.: The termination of primary vestibular fibres in the vestibular nuclei of the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 110, 391 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, A.E.: The primate thalamus. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press 1938.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wall, P.D.: The sensory and motor role of impulse traveling in the dorsal column towards cerebral cortex. Brain 93, 505 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walzl, E.M., Mountcastle, V.B.: Projection of vestibular nerve to cerebral cortex of the cat. Amer. J. Physiol. 159, 595 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Welker, W.I.: Comparative study of physiology and morphology of somatic cerebral cortex of procyonidae. Physiologist 2, 121 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Welker, W.I., Campos, G.B.: Physiological significance of sulci in somatic sensory cerebral cortex in mammals of the family Procyonidae. J. comp. Neurol. 120, 19 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welker, W.I., Seidenstein, S.: Somatic sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of the raccoon (Procyon lotor). J. comp. Neurol. 111, 469 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welt, C., Aschoff, J.C., Kameda, K., Brooks, V.B.: Intracortical Organization of Cat’s Motorsensory Neurons. In: Neurophysiological Basis of Normal and Abnormal Motor Activity, p. 255. Hewlett: Raven 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, G.: The Topology of the Body Representation in the Somatic Afferent Pathway. In: The Neurosciences, 2nd Study Program New York: Rockefeller University Press, edit. F. O. Schmitt et al. 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, G.: The Study of Sensation in Physiology: Psychophysical and Neurophysiologic Correlations. In: Medical Physiology 13th edit. Ed. by V.B. Mountcastle. St. Louis: Mosby 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, G.: Somatotopic Projections. Neurosciences Res. Progr. Bull. Vol. 10, No. 3. 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, G.: Neural Information Processing with feature extractors. In: The Neurosciences, Third Study Program. Ed. by F.O. Schmitt and F. Worden. Cambridge: MIT Press 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, G., Mountcastle, V.B.: Neural activity in mechanoreceptive cutaneous afferents: stimulus-response relations, Weber functions and information transfer. J. Neurophysiol. 28, 359 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werner, G., Mountcastle, V.B.: Quantitative Relations Between Mechanical Stimuli to the Skin and Neural Responses Evoked by Them. In: The Skin Senses, p. 112. Springfield: Thomas 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, G., Whitsel, B.L.: The topology of dermatomal projection in the medial lemniscal system. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 192, 123 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werner, G., Whitsel, B.L.: Topology of the body representation in somatosensory area I of primates. J. Neurophysiol. 31, 856 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werner, G., Whitsel, B.L.: Stimulus Feature Detection by Neurons in Somatosensory Areas I and II of Primates. IEEE Trans. MMS-11, p. 36, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, G., Whitsel, B.L., Petrucelli, L.M.: Data Structure and Algorithms in the Primate Somatosensory Cortex. In: Brain and Human Behavior. Ed. by A. Karczmer and J.C. Eccles. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, J.C.: Sensory innervation of the viscera. Res. Publ. Ass. nerv. ment. Dis. 23, 373 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehorn, D., Towe, A.L.: Postsynaptic potential patterns evoked upon cells in sensorimotor cortex of cat by stimulation at the periphery. Exp. Neurol. 22, 222 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitlock, D.G., Perl, E.R.: Thalamic projections of spinothalamic pathways in monkey. Exp. Neurol. 3, 240 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitsel, B.L., Dreyer, D. A., Roppolo, J.R.: Determinants of the Body Representation in the Postcentral Gyrus of Macaques. J. Neurophysiol. 34, 1018 (1971b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitsel, B.L., Petrucelli, L.M., Sapiro, G.: Modality representation in the lumbar and cervical fasciculus gracilis of squirrel monkeys. Brain Res. 15, 67 (1969 a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitsel, B.L., Petrucelli, L.M., Werner, G.: Symmetry and connectivity in the map of the body surface in somatosensory area II of primates. J. Neurophysiol. 32, 170 (1969b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitsel, B.L., Petrucelli, L.M., Sapiro, G., Ha, H.: Fibre sorting in the fasciculus gracilis of squirrel monkeys. Exp. Neurol. 29, 227 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitsel, B.L., Petrucelli, L.M., Ha, H., Dreyer, D.A.: The resorting of spinal afferents as antecedent to the body representation in the postcentral gyrus. Brain Behav. Evol. 5, in press (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitsel, B.L., Roppolo, J.R., Werner, G.: Cortical information processing of stimulus motion on primate skin. J. Neurophysiol. 35: 691 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woolsey, C.N.: “Second” somatic receiving areas in the cerebral cortex of cat, dog and monkey. Fed. Proc. 2, 55 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  • Woolsey, C.N.: Patterns of sensory representation in the cerebral cortex. Fed. Proc. 6, 437 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Woolsey, C.N.: Patterns of Localization in Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex. In: The Biology of Mental Health and Disease, p. 193. New York: Hoeber 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woolsey, C.N.: Organization of Somatic Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex. In: Biological and Biochemical Bases of Behavior, p. 63. Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woolsey, C.N.: Some Observations on Brain Fissuration in Relation to Cortical Localization of Function. In: Structure and Function of the Cerebral Cortex, p. 64. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woolsey, C.N.: Cortical localizations as defined by evoked potential and electrical stimulation studies. In: Cerebral localization and organization; G. Schaltenbrand and C.N. Woolsey, edits. University of Wisconsin Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woolsey, C.N., Fairman, D.: Contralateral, ipsilateral and bilateral representation of cutaneous receptors in somatic areas I and II of the cerebral cortex of pig, sheep, and other mammals. Surgery 19, 684 (1946).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woolsey, C.N., Marshall, W.H., Bard, P.: Representation of cutaneous tactile sensibility in the cerebral cortex of the monkey as indicated by evoked potentials. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 70, 399 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Woolsey, C.N., Wang, G.H.: Somatic sensory areas I and II of the cerebral cortex of the rabbit. Fed. Proc. 4, 79 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  • Woolsey, T.A., van der Loos, H.: The structural organization of layer IV in the somatosensory region (S-I) of mouse cerebral cortex. Brain Res. 17, 205 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, I.D.: A triple representation of the body surface in the sensorimotor cortex of the squirrel monkey. Exp. Neurol. 20, 415 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pittsburgh, USA

    Gerhard Werner & Barry L. Whitsel

Authors
  1. Gerhard Werner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Barry L. Whitsel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Ainsley Iggo

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1973 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Werner, G., Whitsel, B.L. (1973). Functional Organization of the Somatosensory Cortex. In: Iggo, A. (eds) Somatosensory System. Handbook of Sensory Physiology, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65438-1_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65438-1_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-65440-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-65438-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation