Zusammenfassung
Biofilme und Flocken gelten neben Sedimenten als Zentren des mikrobiellen Stoffumsatzes in aquatischen Biotopen. Für ihre Entstehung sind extrazelluläre polymere Substanzen (EPS), die von zahlreichen Mikroorganismen in erheblichen Mengen ausgeschieden werden, von großer Bedeutung. Sie dienen als Kittsubstanzen und führen zur Bildung schleimiger Aggregate, die sich leicht an Oberfächen anheften. Durch Sekundärbesiedlung dieser Matrix kommt es schnell zur Ausbildung vielfältiger, mikrobieller Lebensgemeinschaften, die in der Lage sind, eine breite Palette von Substraten in komplexen Metabiosen sehr effizient umzusetzen. Ein klassisches Beispiel dafür, wie die Leistungsfähigkeit solcher Lebensgemeinschaften praktisch genutzt werden kann, ist der Einsatz natürlicher oder künstlicher Biofilme bzw. Flocken in der Abwasseraufbereitungtechnik. Nitrifizierende Bakterien spielen dabei schon seit langer Zeit eine wichtige Rolle. Die an diesem Prozeß beteiligten Organismen sind in der Lage, das teilweise in großen Mengen anfallende Ammonium zu beseitigen, und sie leisten durch die Umwandlung des toxischen Ammoniaks in Nitrat auch einen wichtigen Beitrag zur möglichen Stickstoffeliminierung durch Denitrifikation. In den folgenden Kapiteln werden einige Aspekte der Nitrifikation in Biofilmen und Flocken näher betrachtet. Dabei wird in erster Linie auf die zur Zeit vorliegenden Erkenntnisse über natürliche Systeme eingegangen.
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Koops, HP., Böttcher, B., Dittberner, P., Rath, G., Stehr, G., Zörner, S. (1996). Die Bedeutung von Biofilmen und Flocken für die Nitrifikation in aquatischen Biotopen. In: Ökologie der Abwasserorganismen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61423-1_12
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