Skip to main content

Adsorption Phenomena

  • Chapter

Abstract

In surface physics, the term adsorption usually means accumulation at the solid-vapour interface of atoms or molecules coming from the vapour. The most important quantity for the description of this phenomenon is the binding or adsorption energy of the adsorbate i.e., the energy released when an atom of the vapour, at rest, sticks onto the surface. Adsorption phenomena are commonly classified according to the value of this binding energy:

  • the domain of physisorption corresponds to small binding energies. In this domain, the substrate-adsorbate interactions are mainly due to Van der Waals forces and involve almost no mixing between the orbitals of the adsorbate and the substrate.

  • the domain of chemisorption corresponds to large binding or adsorption energies. In this case, a bond, very similar to a chemical bond, is formed between the adsorbate and the substrate. This bond can be either covalent (sharing of electrons) or ionic (electronic transfer).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. J.M. Blakely, J.C. Shelton: In Surface Physics of Materials, Vol. I, ed. by J.M. Blakely (Academic, New York 1975)

    Google Scholar 

  2. M.J. Sparnaay: Surf. Sci. Rep. 4, 101 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. A. Clark: The Theory of Adsorption and Catalysis, Chap. I ( Academic, New York 1970 )

    Google Scholar 

  4. I. Langmuir: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 38, 2221 (1916); 40, 1361 (1918)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. S. Brunauer, P.W. Emmett, E.J. Teller: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 309 (1938)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. R. Kubo: Statistical Mechanics ( North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1965 ) p. 153

    Google Scholar 

  7. M. Toda, R. Kubo, N. Saito: Statistical Physics I, 2nd edn., Springer Ser. Solid-State Sci., Vol. 30 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1992)

    Google Scholar 

  8. R. Kubo, M. Toda, N. Hashitsume: Statistical Physics II, 2nd edn., Springer Ser. Solid-State Sci., Vol 31 (Springer, Berlin Heidelberg 1992)

    Google Scholar 

  9. S. Brunauer, L.E. Copeland, D.L. Cantro: In The Solid Gas Interface, ed. by E.A. Flood (Dekker, New York 1967)

    Google Scholar 

  10. R.H. Fowler, E.A. Guggenheim: Statistical Thermodynamics ( Cambridge University Press, London 1939 )

    Google Scholar 

  11. W.A. Steele: The Interaction of Gases with Solid Surfaces, Int’l Encyclopedia of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Vol. 3 ( Pergamon, Oxford 1974 )

    Google Scholar 

  12. A.V. Bogdanov, G.V. Dubrovskiy, M.P. Krutikov, D.V. Kulginov, V.M. Strelchenya: Interaction of Gases with Surfaces (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1995)

    Google Scholar 

  13. A. Thorny, X. Duval: Surf. Sci. 299/300, 415 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  14. a) F. Millot, Y. Lahrer, C. Tessier: J. Chem. Phys. 76, 3327 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. b) F. Sehr, Y. Lahrer, B. Gilquin: Mol. Phys. 67, 1077 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  16. K. Binder, D.P. Landau: Phys. Rev. B 21, 1941 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M.A. Krivoglaz, A.A. Smirnov: The Theory of Order-Disorder in Alloys ( McDonald, London 1964 )

    Google Scholar 

  18. G. Doyen, G. Erti, M. Plancher: J. Chem. Phys. 62, 2957 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. K. Binder, D.W. Heermann: Monte Carlo Simulation in Statistical Physics, 2nd edn., Springer Ser. Solid-State Sci., Vol. 80 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1992)

    Google Scholar 

  20. T.M. Lu: In Ordering in Two-Dimensions, ed. by S.K. Sinha (Elsevier, Amsterdam 1981)

    Google Scholar 

  21. G.C. Wang, T.M. Lu: Phys. Rev. B 31, 5918 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. I.F. Lyuksyutov, A.G. Fedorus: Soviet Phys. JETP 53, 1317 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  23. H. Margenau: Rev. Mod. Phys. 11, 1 (1939)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. J. Mahanty, B.W. Ninham: Dispersion Forces ( Academic, New York 1976 )

    Google Scholar 

  25. Yu. S. Barash, V.L. Ginzburg, Sov. Phys. Usp 27, 467 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  26. W. Kohn: Theory of Metal Surfaces, Lecture notes, Santa Barbara (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  27. E. Zaremba, W. Kohn: Phys. Rev. B 13, 2270 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. A. Liebsch: Physica Script. 35, 354 (1987)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. P.J. Feibelman: Prog. Surf. Sci. 12, 287 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. A. Liebsch: J. Phys. C 19, 5025 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  31. A. Liebsch: Phys. Rev. B 33, 7249 (1986)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. N. Esbjerg, J.K. Norskov: Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 807 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. M.J. Puska, R.M. Nieminen, M. Manninen: Phys. Rev. B 24, 3037 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. M. Manninen, J.K. Norskov, M.J. Puska, C. Umrigar: Phys. Rev. B 29, 2314 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. E. Zaremba, W. Kohn: Phys. Rev. B 15, 1769 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. J. Harris, A. Liebsch: J. Phys. C 15, 2275 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. H. Hoinkes: Rev. Mod. Phys. 52, 933 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. G. Parschau, E. Kirstein, A. Bischof, K.H. Rieder: Phys. Rev. B 40, 6012 (1989)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. J.E. Demuth, D.W. Jepsen, P.M. Marcus: Phys. Rev. Lett. 31,540 (1973); 32, 1182 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. M.A. Van Hove, S.Y. Tong: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 12, 230 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  41. P.M. Marcus, J.E. Demuth, D.W. Jepsen: Surf. Sci. 53, 501 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. D.H. Rosenblatt, S.D. Kevan, J.G. Tobin, R.F. Davis, M.G. Mason, D.R. Denley, D.A. Shirley, Y. Huang, S.Y. Tong: Phys. Rev. B 26, 1812 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. K.A.R. Mitchell: Surf. Sci. 149, 93 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. M.R. Barnes, R.F. Willis: Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 1729 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. I. Toyoshima, G.A. Somorjai: Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng. 19, 105 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. A. Menand, J. Gallot: Rev. Phys. Appi. 9, 323 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. G. Bolbach: Contribution à l’étude de la chimisorption des halogènes à bas taux de recouvrement sur différentes surfaces de métaux de transition 4d (Nb, Mo) et 5d ( Ta et W), Dissertation, Paris (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  48. D.W. Bassett: Surf. Sci. 53,74 (1975); J. Phys. C 9, 2491 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. G. Brodén, T.N. Rhodin, C. Brucker, R. Benbow, Z. Hurych: Surf. Sci 59, 593 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  50. J.R. Schrieffer: Proc. Int’l School of Physics Enrico Fermi, Course LVIII Dynamical Aspects of Surface Physics, ed. by F.O. Goodman ( Compositori, Bologna 1974 )

    Google Scholar 

  51. P.W. Anderson: Phys. Rev. 124, 41 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. T.B. Grimley: Proc. Phys. Soc. 90, 751; 92, 776 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  53. D.M. Newns: Phys. Rev. 178, 1123 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. J. Friedel: Phil. Mag. Supp. 3, 446 (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  55. W. Brenig, K. Schönhammer: Z. Physik 267, 201 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. B. Bell, A. Madhukar: Phys. Rev. B 14, 4281 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. K. Schönhammer: Solid State Commun. 32, 51 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  58. M. Baldo, F. Flores, A. Martin-Rodero, G. Piccitto, R. Pucci: Surf. Sci. 128, 237 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. M. Baldo, R. Pucci, F. Flores, G. Piccitto, A. Martin-Rodero: Phys. Rev. B 28, 6640 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. O. Gunnarsson, K. Schönhammer: Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 1608 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. B. Kjöllerström, D.J. Scalapino, J.R. Schrieffer: Phys. Rev. 148, 665 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  62. K. Schönhammer, V. Härtung, W. Brenig: Z. Physik B 22, 143 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  63. G. Piccitto, F. Siringo, M. Baldo, R. Pucci: Surf. Sci. 167, 437 (1986)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. G. Tréglia, F. Ducastelle, D. Spanjaard: J. Physique 41, 281 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  65. A. Martin-Rodero, F. Flores, M. Baldo, R. Pucci: Solid State Commun. 44, 911 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. P. Schuck: Phys. Rev. B 13, 5225 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. N.D. Lang, A.R. Williams: Phys. Rev. B 18, 616 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. H. Hjelmberg, O. Gunnarsson, B.I. Lundqvist: Surf. Sci. 68, 158 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. H. Hjelmberg: Phys. Scripta 18, 481 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. J.P. Muscat, D.M. Newns: Phys. Rev. B 19, 1270 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. J.K. Norskov, N.D. Lang: Phys. Rev. B 21, 2131 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  72. M.J. Stott, E. Zaremba: Phys. Rev. B 22, 1564 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. J.K. Norskov: Phys. Rev. B 26, 2875 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  74. M.J. Puska, R.M. Nieminen, M. Manninen: Phys. Rev. B 24, 3037 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. C.O. Almbladh, U. von Barth, Z.D. Popovic, M.J. Stott: Phys. Rev. B 14, 2250 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. J. Friedel: Phil. Mag. 43, 153 (1952)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. P. Nordlander, S. Holloway, J.K. Norskov: Surf. Sci. 136, 59 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. B. Chakraborty, S. Holloway, J.K. Norskov: Surf. Sci. 152/153, 660 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  79. J.P. Muscat, D.M. Newns: Surf. Sci. 99, 609 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. K.W. Jacobsen, J.K. Norskov, M.J. Puska: Phys. Rev. B 35, 7423 (1987)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. J.D. Kress, A.E. de Pristo: J. Chem. Phys. 87,4700 (1987); 88, 2596 (1988)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. J.K. Norskov : Surf. Sci. 299/300, 690 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  83. D. Spanjaard, C. Guillot, M.C. Desjonquères, G. Tréglia, J. Lecante: Surf. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. M.C. Desjonquères, D. Spanjaard: J. Phys. C 15, 4007 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  85. M.C. Desjonquères, D. Spanjaard: J. Phys. C 16, 3389 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  86. C. Thuault-Cytermann, M.C. Desjonquères, D. Spanjaard: J. Phys. C 16, 5689 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. H. Ehrenreich, L. Hodges: Methods Comput. Phys. 8, 149 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Y. Boudeville, J. Rousseau-Violet, F. Cyrot-Lackmann, S.N. Khanna: J. Physique 44, 433 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. J. Friedel, C.M. Sayers: J. de Physique 38, 697 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. G. Tréglia, M.C. Desjonquères, F. Ducastelle, D. Spanjaard: J. Phys. C 14, 4347 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  91. G. Tréglia, F. Ducastelle, D. Spanjaard: J. Physique 43, 341 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  92. G. Tréglia: Influence des corrélations coulombiennes sur la structure électronique de volume et de surface des métaux de transition, Dissertation, Orsay (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  93. C. Guillot, C. Thuault, Y. Jugnet, D. Chauveau, R. Hoogewijs, J. Lecante, Tran Minh Duc, G. Tréglia, M.C. Desjonquères, D. Spanjaard: J. Phys. C 15, 423 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  94. G. Guillot, P. Roubin, J. Lecante, M.C. Desjonquères, G. Tréglia, D. Spanjaard, Y Jugnet: Phys. Rev B 30, 5487 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. M. Bowker, D.A. King: Surf. Sci. 94, 564 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. R. Di Foggio, R. Gomer: Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 1258 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  97. C.M. Sayers: J. Phys. C 12, 4333 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. C.M. Sayers: J. Phys. C 16, 2381 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. C.J. Wright, C.M. Sayers: Rep. Prog. Phys. 46, 773 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  100. H. Ibach, D. Bruchmann: Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 36 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. S. Andersson: Chem. Phys. Lett. 55, 185 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. K. Christmann, R.J. Behm, G. Ertl, M. Van Hove, W. Weinberg: J. Chem. Phys. 70, 4168 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. A.J. Renouprez, P. Fouilloux, G. Coudurier, D. Tocchetti, R. Stockmeyer: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans 173, 1 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  104. R. Stockmeyer, H.M. Stortnik, I. Natkaniec, J. Mayer: Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 84, 79 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. R.D. Kelley, J.J. Rush, T.E. Madey: Chem. Phys. Lett. 66, 159 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. J.P. Jardin, M.C. Desjonquères, D. Spanjaard: J. Phys. C 18, 1767, 18, 5769 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. J.P. Bourdin, J.P. Ganachaud, J.P. Jardin, M.C. Desjonquères, D. Spanjaard: J. Phys. F 18, 1801 (1988)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. P.J. Feibelman: Phys. Rev. B 35, 2626 (1987)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. P.J. Feibelman: Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 2627 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. P.J. Feibelman: Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 2488 (1989)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. S.P. McGlynn, L.G. Vanquickenborne, M. Kinoshita, D.G. Carroll: Introduction to Applied Quantum Chemistry (Holt, Rinehart, Winston, New York 1972 )

    Google Scholar 

  112. P.D. Offenhartz: Atomic and Molecular Orbital Theory ( McGraw Hill, New York 1970 )

    Google Scholar 

  113. R. Hoffmann: Rev. Mod. Phys. 60, 601 (1988)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. J.A. Pople, D.L. Beveridge: Approximate Molecular Orbital Theory ( McGraw Hill, New York 1970 )

    Google Scholar 

  115. J.L. Whitten, H. Yang: Surf. Sci. Rep. 24, 55 (1996)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. a) D.W. Bassett, D.R. Tice: Surf. Sci. 40, 499 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. D.W. Bassett: Surf. Sci. 53, 74 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. b) T.T. Tsong: Surf. Sci. Rep. 8, 127 (1988)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. D.W. Bassett, M.J. Parsley: Nature 221, 1046 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. D.A. Reed. G. Ehrlich: Surf. Sci. 151, 143 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  121. T.L. Einstein: In Physical Structure, ed. by W.N. Unertl, Handbook of Surface Science (Elsevier, Amsterdam 1996)

    Google Scholar 

  122. S.L. Cunningham, L. Dobrzynski, A. Maradudin: Phys. Rev. B 7, 4643 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. T.B. Grimley, S.M. Walker: Surf. Sci. 14, 395 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. J.C. Lebossé, J. Lopez, J. Rousseau-Violet: Surf. Sci. 81, L 329 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  125. K.H. Lau, W. Kohn: Surf. Sci. 75, 69 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. T.L. Einstein: Surf. Sci. 75, L 161 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  127. T.L. Einstein. J.R. Schrieffer: Phys. Rev. B 7, 3629 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. N.R. Burke: Surf. Sci. 58, 349 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. M.C. Desjonquères, J.P. Jardin, D. Spanjaard: Surf. Sci. 204, 247 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  130. P.J. Feibelman: Phys. Rev. B 38, 12133 (1988)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. J.P. Bourdin, M.C. Desjonquères, D. Spanjaard, J. Friedel: Surf. Sci. 157, L 345 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  132. A.M. Olès, M.C. Desjonquères, D. Spanjaard, G. Tréglia: J. Physique 49, C 8, 1637 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  133. J.P. Bourdin, M.C. Desjonquères, J.P. Ganachaud, D. Spanjaard: Surf. Sci. Lett. 179, L 77(1987)

    Google Scholar 

  134. W. Kohn, K.H. Lau: Sol. State Commun. 18, 553 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. K.H. Lau, W. Kohn: Surf. Sci. 65, 607 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. A.M. Stoneham: Sol. State Commun. 24, 425 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. W. Kappus: Z. Phys. B 29, 239 (1978); 45, 113 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  138. T.L. Einstein: CRC Crit. Rev. Solid State Mat. Sci. 7, 261 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. G.A. Somorjai, M.A. Van Hove: Adsorbed Monolayers on Solid Surfaces, Structure and Bonding Vol. 38 ( Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1979 )

    Google Scholar 

  140. M. Kaburagi, J. Kanamori: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Suppl. 2, P2, 145 (1974); J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 44, 718 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. M. Kaburagi: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 44, 54; 44, 394 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. T.L. Einstein: Surf. Sci. 83, 141 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. P.R. Schwoebel, P.J. Feibelman: Surf. Sci. 216, 263 (1989)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. P.R. Schwoebel, P.J. Feibelman: Surf. Sci. 216, 263 (1989)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Z. Zhang, M.G. Lagally: Science 276, 377 (1997)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. T.L. Einstein: Phys. Rev. B 16, 3411 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. J.E. Demuth, T.N. Rhodin: Surf. Sci. 45, 249 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. J.E. Demuth, N.J. Di Nardo, G.S. Cargill III: Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1373 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. M.C. Desjonquères, F. Cyrot-Lackmann: Surf. Sci. 80, 208 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  150. A. Liebsch: Phys. Rev. B 17, 1653 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. C.S. Wang, A.J. Freeman: Phys. Rev. B 19, 4930 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. D. Jepsen, C. Noguera, D. Spanjaard, C. Guillot, Y. Ballu, P. Thiry: Sol. State Commun. 28, 741 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. The Chemical Physics of Solid Surface and Heterogeneous Catalysis, Vols. 2, 3 A and B, ed. by D.A. King, D.P. Woodruff (Elsevier, Amsterdam 1983, 1990 and 1984)

    Google Scholar 

  154. V.P. Zhdanov: Surf. Sci. 164, L 807 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  155. S. Holloway, J.K. Norskov: Bonding at Surfaces (Liverpool Univ. Press, Liverpool 1991 )

    Google Scholar 

  156. K.W. Jacobsen: Comm. Cond. Mat. Phys. 14, 129 (1988)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Desjonquères, MC., Spanjaard, D. (1996). Adsorption Phenomena. In: Concepts in Surface Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61400-2_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61400-2_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-58622-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-61400-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics