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Exposure Facilities and Aerosol Generation and Characterization for Inhalation Experiments

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Book cover Inhalation Toxicology

Part of the book series: ILSI Monographs ((ILSI MONOGRAPHS))

Abstract

The increasingly stringent requirements of the animal welfare acts (3,57) necessitate a reduction in animal experiments. However, if one is interested in the toxic effects of air pollutants, the in vitro test systems available to date are only of limited value. These studies mostly use undifferentiated (animal) cells which give a poor simulation of the target tissue and its reaction to inhaled materials. On the other hand, the rationale behind animal experiments is to protect human beings from potentially dangerous exposure to pollutants. This means that animal experiments are necessary, because only in well justified cases can experiments occasionally be performed on human volunteers, thus introducing the uncertainties caused by interspecies variability. Since even among rodents the response to the same toxicant may be markedly different (29), the interpretation of animal experiments is a difficult task per se. In addition to the different general sensitivity, changed nose and lung morphology and—in consequence—different inhalability and deposition of the particles may have to be taken into account. If, for instance, the carcinogenicity of nasally deposited wood dust is to be studied, one has to make sure that even the largest wood particles of importance to man will be inspired by the test animals. Hence, before starting the design of exposure facilities and aerosol generators, one has to clearly state the task in hand (acute, subchronic, or chronic exposure) and numerically fix the level of significance to which an effect is to be measured.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fraunhofer Institut für Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung, D-3000, Hannover, Germany

    W. Holländer

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  1. W. Holländer
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Donald L. Dungworth Ph.D. M.R.C.V.S

  2. Bayer AG, Institute for Toxicology, 5600, Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Germany

    Georg Kimmerle Dr.med.

  3. Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, 60064, USA

    James Lewkowski M.D.

  4. Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 5890, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA

    Roger O. McClellan D.V.M.

  5. Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Aerosol Research, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 3000, Hannover 61, Germany

    Werner Stöber Dr.rer.nat.

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© 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

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Holländer, W. (1988). Exposure Facilities and Aerosol Generation and Characterization for Inhalation Experiments. In: Dungworth, D.L., Kimmerle, G., Lewkowski, J., McClellan, R.O., Stöber, W. (eds) Inhalation Toxicology. ILSI Monographs. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61355-5_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61355-5_5

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