Abstract
Owing to its noninvasive, nontraumatic nature, ultrasonic Doppler flowmetry (DF) is well established in clinical medicine [1]. A large medical-industrial complex exists for the development, marketing, and distribution of these diagnostic instruments. Recently, image-guided DF has been applied to the deep-lying blood vessels of the human abdomen [2, 3]. Specifically, early attempts were made to examine native human renal arteries [4, 5] and renal grafts [6, 7]. Many subsequent reports have followed. We will review the basic principles of noninvasive DF and its present applications to the human renal vasculature. As with all diagnostic tests, interpretation of the reported results in renal vessels should be made with careful consideration of the study design and the control of bias [8, 9].
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Avasthi, P.S., Tawney, K.W., Greene, E.R. (1992). Noninvasive Assessment of Human Renal Blood Flow by Ultrasonic Doppler Flowmetry. In: Lüscher, T.F., Kaplan, N.M. (eds) Renovascular and Renal Parenchymatous Hypertension. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61239-8_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61239-8_10
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