Abstract
It is common to encounter misunderstanding with regard to the role of forests as a means of mitigating the postulated enhanced greenhouse effect (Houghton et al. 1990, 1992). Some of the confusion appears to lie in loose terminology. In particular, the words carbon sink, and carbon reservoir need to be clearly distinguished (see Glossary). Only if a reservoir increases in capacity does it constitute a net sink, and then only for the period during which it is expanding in size. The word store, used as a noun, may be synonymous with reservoir, but as a verb it means to create a reservoir or to act as a sink; hence use of store should be avoided. Confusion also surrounds the word forest, which is frequently used synonymously with stand. Forestry terms used throughout this chapter will be as defined by the Society of American Foresters (1917) and by Ford-Robertson (1971); more important terms are italicized upon first use and definitions provided in the Glossary. Whereas a stand comprises trees of similar composition, age-structure and management regime, a forest is a larger unit that may consist of hundreds or thousands of stands. The dynamics of a forest are considerably more complex than those of a stand, as shall be explained later.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
REFERENCES
Bekkering TD (1992) Using tropical forests to fix atmospheric carbon: the potential in theory and practice. Ambio 21(6) 414–419.
Beets PN, Brownlie RK (1987) Puruki experimental catchment: site, climate, forest management, and research. NZJ. Forestry Sci. 17: 137–60.
Burdon RD, Miller JT (1992) Introduced forest trees in New Zealand: recognition, role, and seed source. 12. Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). NZ Forest Research Institute Ltd, FRI Bulletin No. 124, 59 pp.
Cown DJ, McConchie DL, Young GD (1991) Radiata pine wood properties survey. NZ Ministry of Forestry, FRI Bulletin No. 50, 50 pp.
Ford-Robertson FC (ed) (1971) Terminology of forest science, technology practice and products. The multilingual forestry terminology series, No. 1. Society of American Foresters, Washington DC.
Ford-Robertson JB (1994) Carbon balance of the plantation forest industry in New Zealand. (Unpublished manuscript)
Goulding CJ (1986) Measurement of tree crops. In: Levack H, Forestry Handbook. NZ Institute of Foresters, Wellington, New Zealand, pp 80–81.
García O (1984) FOLPI, a forestry-oriented linear programming interpreter. In: Ngumo H et al. (eds) Proceedings IUFRO Symposium on Forest Management, Planning and Managerial Economics, University of Tokyo, pp 293-305.
Harmon MF, Ferrel WK, and Franklin JF (1990) Effects on carbon storage of conversion of oldgrowth forests to young forests. Science 247: 699–702.
Hendrickson OQ (1990) How does forestry influence atmospheric carbon? For. Chron. 66:469–472.
Honey BG, Buchanan AH (1992) Environmental impacts of the New Zealand building industry. Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, NZ.
Houghton JT, Jenkins GJ, Ephraums JJ (eds) (1990) Climate Change. The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 364 pp.
Houghton JT, Callander BA, Varney SK (eds) (1992) Climate Change 1992. The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 200 pp.
Isaksen ISA, Ramaswamy V, Rodhe H, Wigley TML (1992) Radiative forcing of climate, In: Houghton JT, Callander BA, Varney SK (eds) Climate Change 1992. The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment, pp 47-67.
Kinerson RS, Ralston CW, Wells CG (1977) Carbon cycling in a loblolly pine plantation. Oecologia (Bed.) 29: 1–10.
Maclaren JP (1994) Radiata pine growers’ manual. NZ Forest Research Institute, FRI Bulletin No. 184,140 pp.
Maclaren JP (1990) Optimisation of final crop stockings for clearwood production in radiata pine. In: James RN, Tarlton GL (eds) New Approaches to Spacing and Thinning in Plantation Forestry. Proc. IUFRO Symp, Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, NZ, 10-14 April 1989. pp 171–183.
Maclaren JP, Wakelin SJ (1991) Forestry and forest products as carbon sink in New Zealand. Ministry of Forestry, Forest Research Institute Bulletin No. 162, FRI, Rotorua, New Zealand, 360 pp.
Maclaren JP, Wakelin SJ (1992). Contract report for the Ministry for the Environment. June 1992, 40 pp. (Unpublished manuscript.)
Maclaren JP, Hollinger DY, Beets PN, Turland J (1993) Carbon sequestration by New Zealand’s plantation forests. In: Kanninen M (ed) Carbon balance of the World’s Forested Ecosystems. Proc. of the IPCC AFOS Workshop held in Joensuu, Finland, 11-15 May 1992, pp 201–214.
Maclaren JP, Wakelin SJ and Beets PN (1993). Contract report for the Ministry of Forestry. June 1993. (Unpublished manuscript.)
Maclaren JP, Te Morenga L and Beets PN (1994). Contract report for the Ministries of Forestry, the Environment, Foreign Affairs and Trade and Commerce. April 1994 (Unpublished manuscript.)
Matthews RW (1994) Towards a methodology for the evaluation of the carbon budget of forests. In: Kanninen M (ed) Carbon balance of the world’s forested ecosystems: towards a global assessment. Proc. Workshop Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AFOS, Joensuu, Finland, 11-15 May 1992, Painatuskeskus, Helsinki, pp 105–114.
Ministry of Forestry (1993) New Zealand Forestry Statistics 1993. Ministry of Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand, 126 pp.
Newmann A, Perley C (1992) A national exotic forest description yield tables as at 1 April 1991. Ministry of Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand, 270 pp.
Pilaar CH, Dunlop JD (1990) The permanent sample plot system of the New Zealand Ministry of Forestry. In: Adlard P and Rondeux J (eds) Forest Growth Data: Retrieval and Dissemination. Proc. joint IUFRO workshop S4.02.03 and S4.02.04, April 1989, Bulletin des Recherches Agronomiques de Gembloux, Gembloux, Belgium.
Phillips OL, Gentry AH (1994) Increasing turnover through time in tropical forests. Science 263: 954–958.
Read P (1994) Responding to Global Warming—the Technology, Economics and Politics of Sustainable Energy. Zed Books Ltd, London, New Jersey, 304 pp.
Royds Consulting Ltd (1994) Estimate of methane production from New Zealand landfills. Ministry for the Environment contract report. (Unpublished manuscript).
Rowell R (1984) The chemistry of solid wood. Advances in Chemistry, p 207.
Schroeder P (1992) Carbon storage potential of short rotation tropical tree plantations. Forest Ecol Manage. 50: 31–41.
Sedjo RA (1989) Forests—a tool to moderate global warming? Environment 31(1) 14–20.
Sedjo RA (1989) Forests to offset the Greenhouse Effect. J. Forestry (July 1989): 12-15.
Society of American Foresters (1917) Forest terminology. J. Forestry (Jan 1917): 71-101.
Statistics NZ (1994) The New Zealand Official Yearbook ’94. 97th edn, Statistics NZ.
Strain BR, Cure JD (1985) Direct effects of atmospheric C02 enrichment on plants and ecosystems: a bibliography with abstracts ORNL/CDIC-13. Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Oak Ridge, TN.
Turland J, Neumann A (1992) A national exotic forest description as at 1 April 1990, 7th edn. Ministry of Forestry, February 1992, Wellington, New Zealand.
United Nations Conference of Environment and Development (1992) Earth Summit—convention on climate change. Rio de Janeiro, June 1992.
West GG (1993) A review of the development and use of the New Zealand modelling system: STANDPAK. Intl. Symp. System Analysis and Management Decisions in Forestry. Valdivia, Chile, 299 pp.
West GG, Dean, MG (ed) Maclaren JP (1988) Use of existing tree growth models on farm sites. In: 1988. Proceedings of the agroforestry symposium, Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand, 24-27 November 1986. FRI Bulletin No. 139, pp 121-129.
Wittwer SH (1986) Worldwide status and history of CO2 enrichment—an overview. In: Enoch HZ, Kimball BA (eds) Carbon dioxide enrichment of greenhouse crops. Vol. 1: Status and CO2 sources. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 3–15.
Wratt DS, Mullan AB, Clarkson TS, Salinger MJ, von Dadelszen J, Plume H (1991) Climate change—the consensus and the debate. NZ Climate Change Programme, Ministry for the Environment and NZ Meteorological Service. May 1991,48 pp.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Maclaren, J.P. (1996). Plantation forestry-its role as a carbon sink: conclusions from calculations based on New Zealand’s planted forest estate. In: Apps, M.J., Price, D.T. (eds) Forest Ecosystems, Forest Management and the Global Carbon Cycle. NATO ASI Series, vol 40. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61111-7_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61111-7_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64699-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-61111-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive