Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

NM23/Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase as a Transcriptional Activator of c-myc

  • Chapter
Attempts to Understand Metastasis Formation II

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 213/2))

Abstract

Expression of the nm23 gene has been correlated with a variety of cellular mechanisms including tumor metastasis (Steeg et al. 1988; Nakayama et al. 1992, 1993), neoplastic development (Zynick et al. 1993), normal development and differentiation (Dearolf et al. 1988; Biggs et al. 1988, Wallet et al. 1990; Yamashiro et al. 1994), proliferation (Keim et al. 1992; Ohneda et al. 1994), and cell motility (Kantor et al. 1993). All nm 23 genes encode the metabolic enzyme nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK), whose principal known function is to provide nucleoside triphosphate precursors for DNA and RNA synthesis. It has been proposed that NM23/NDPK proteins contain additional biochemical activities, for neither the developmental function of the Drosophila NM23/Awd protein (Biggs et al. 1988; Lascu et al. 1992), or the metastasis suppression effect of human NM23 (Sastre Garau et al. 1992; Steeg et al. 1993) correlates directly with NDPK levels or its activity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams CC, Workman JL (1993) Nucleosome displacement in transcription. Cell 72: 305–308

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal RP, Robinson B, Parks RE (1978) Nucleoside diphosphokinase from erythrocytes. Method Enzymology 51: 376–386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amorosa VK (1993) The role of the matrix metalloproteinases and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator in tumor invasion. Thesis, Princeton University

    Google Scholar 

  • Arcinas M, Boxer LM (1994) Differential protein binding to the c-myc promoter during differentiation of hematopoietic cell lines. Oncogene 9: 2699–2706

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Backer JK, Mendola CE, Kovesdi I, Fairhurst JL, O’Hara B, Eddy RL Jr, Shows TB, Mathew S, Murty VWS, Chaganti RSK (1993) Chromosomal localization and nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity of human metastasis-suppresssor genes NM23–1 and NM23–2. Oncogene 8: 497–502

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett JC, Anderson M (1993) Molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis in humans and rodents. Mol Carcinogen 7: 1–13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berberich SJ, Postel EH (1995) PuF/NM23-H2 transactivates the human c-myc gene promoter-CAT viaa functional nuclease hypersensitive element. Oncogene 10: 2343–2347

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bevilacqua G, Sobel ME, Liotta LA, Steeg PS (1989) Association of low nm23 RNA levels in human primary infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas with lymph node involvement and other histopathological indicators of high metastatic potential. Cancer Res 49: 5185–5190

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biggs J, Hersperger E, Steeg PS, Liotta LA, Shearn A (1990) A Drosophila gene that is homologous to a mammalian gene associated with tumor metastasis codes for a nucleoside diphosphate kinase. Cell 63: 933–940

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biggs J, Tripoulas N, Hersperger E, Dearolf C, Shearn A (1988) Analysis of the lethal interaction between the prune and killer of prune mutations of Drosophila. Genes Dev 2: 1333–1343

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boles C, Hogan M (1987) DNA structure equilibria in the human c-myc gene. Biochemistry 26: 367–376

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cambers RS, Dahmus ME (1994) Purification and characterization of a phosphatase from HeLa cells which dephosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. J Biol Chem 269: 26243–26248

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang CL, Zhu XX, Thoraval DH, Ungar D, Rawwas J, Hora N, Strahler JR, Hanash SM, Radany E (1994) nm23-H1 mutation in neuroblastoma. Nature 370: 335–336

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang CL, Hora N, Thoraval DH, He L (1996) Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A binds to c-MYC regulatory sequences and activates transcription through the P1 promoter in vitro (submitted)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiadmi M, Morera S, Lascu I, Dumas C, Le Bras G, Veron M, Janin J (1993) Crystal structure of theAwd nucleotide diphosphate kinase from Drosophila. Structure 1: 283–293

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cole MD (1986) The myc oncongene: its role in transformation and differentiation. Annu Rev Genet 20: 361–384

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooney M, Czernuszewicz G, Postel E, Flint SJ, Hogan ME (1988) Site-specific oligonucleotide binding represses transcription of the human c-myc gene in vitro. Science 241: 456–459

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dearolf CR, Tripoulas N, Biggs J, Shearn A (1988) Molecular consequences of awdb3, a cell-autonomous lethal mutation of Drosophila induced by hybrid dysgenesis. Dev Biol 129: 169–178

    Google Scholar 

  • deBoer E, Antoniou M, Mignotte V, Grosveld F (1988) The human p-globin promoter: nuclear protein factors and erythroid specific induction of transcription. EMBO J 7: 4203–4212

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De-Medina T, Shaul Y (1994) Functional and structural similarity between the X protein of hepatitis Bvirus and nucleoside diphosphate kinases. FEBS Lett 351: 423–426

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Descheemaeker KA, Wyns S, Nells L, Auwerx J, Ny T, Collen D (1992) Interaction of AP-1-, AP-2-, and Sp1 -like proteins with two distinct sites in the upstream regulatory region of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene mediates the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. J Cell Biol 267: 15086–15091

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubick D, Shiu RPC (1992) Mechanism of estrogen activation of c-myc oncogene expression. Oncogene 7: 1587–1594

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumas C, Lascu I, Morera S, Glaser P, Fourme R, Wallet V, Lacombe M-L, Veron M, Janin J (1992) X-ray structure of nucleoside disphosphate kinase. EMBO J 11: 3203–3208

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engel M, Theisinger B, Seib T, Seitz G, Huwer H, Zang KD, Welter C, Dooley S (1993) High levels of nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 messenger RNA in human squamous-cell lung carcinoma are associated with poor differentiation and advanced tumor stages. Int J Cancer 55: 375–379

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farely DR, Eberhardt NL, Grant CS, Schaid DJ, van Heerden JA, Hay ID, Khosla S (1993) Expression of a potential metastasis suppressor gene (nm23) in thyroid neoplasms. World J Surg 17: 615–621

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fishman JR, Gumerlock PH, Meyers FJ, Devere White RW (1994) Quantitation of nm23 expression in human prostate tissues. J Urol 152: 202–207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuchi T, Nikawa J, Kimura N, Watanabe K (1993) Isolation, overexpression and disruption of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae YNK gene encoding nucleoside diphosphate kinase. Gene 129: 141–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilles A-M, Presecan E, Vonica A, Lascu I (1991) Nucleoside diphosphate kinase from human erythrocytes. J Biol Chem 266: 8784–8789

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilman M (1993) Pleiotropy and henchman X. Nature 361: 687–688

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grosso LE, Pitot HC (1985) Chromatin structure of the c-myc gene in HL-60 cells during alterations of transcriptional activity. Cancer Res 45: 5035–5041

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hailat N, Keim DR, Melhem RF, Zhu X, Eckerskorn C, Brodeur GM, Reynolds CP, Seeger RC, Lottspeich F, Strahler JR, Hanash SM (1991) High levels of p19/nm23 protein in neuroblastoma are associated with advanced stage disease and with N-myc gene amplification J Clin Invest 88: 341–345

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hay N, Bishop JM, Levens D (1987) Regulatory elements that modulate expression of the humanc-myc gene. Genes Dev 1: 659–671

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hennessy C, Henry JA, May FEB, Westley BR, Angus B, Lennard TWJ (1991) Expression of the antimetastatic gene nm23 in human breast cancer: an association with good prognosis. J Natl Cancer Inst 83: 281–285

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrandt M, Lacombe M-L, Meshildrey S, Veron M (1995) Human NDP-kinase B specifically binds to single-stranded poly-pyrimidine sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 23: 3858–3864

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iizuka N, Oka M, Noma T, Nakazawa A, Hirose K, Suzuki T (1995) NM23-H1 and NM23-H2 messenger RNA abundance in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res 55: 652–657

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Imagawa M, Chiu R, Karin M (1987) Transcription factor AP-2 mediates induction by two different signal transduction pathways: protein kinase C and cAMP. Cell 51: 251–260

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ji L, Arcinas M, Boxer LM (1995) The transcriptions factor, NM 23-H2, binds to and activates the translocated c-MYC allele in Burkitt lymphoma. J Biol Chem 270: 13392–13398

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson AC, Jinno Y, Merlino GT (1988) Modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor proto-oncogene transcription by a promoter site sensitive to S1 nuclease. Mol Cell Biol 8: 4174–4184

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kantor JD, McCormick B, Steeg PS, Zetter BR (1993) Inhibition of cell motiJity after nm23 transfection of human and murine tumor cells. Cancer Res 53: 1971–1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keim D, Hailat N, Melhem R, Zhu XX, Lascu I, Veron M, Strahler J, Hanash SM (1992) Proliferation-related expression of p19/nm23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase. J Clin Invest 89: 919–924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelsell DP, Black DM, Solomon E, Spurr NK (1993) Localization of a second NM23 gene, NME2, to chromosome 17q21-q22. Genomics 17: 522–524

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimura N, Shimada N, Nomura K, Watanabe K (1990) Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding rat nucleoside diphosphate kinase. J Biol Chem 265: 15744–15749

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinniburgh AJ (1989) A cis-acting transcription element of the c-myc gene can assume an H-DNAconformation. Nucleic Acids Res 17: 7771–7778

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohlhuber F, Strobl LJ, Eick D (1993) Early down-regulation of c-myc in dimethylsulfoxide-induced mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells is mediated at the P1/P2 promoters. Oncogene 8: 1099–1102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolluri R, Torrey TA, Kinniburg AJ (1992) A CT promoter element binding protein: definition of a double-strand and a novel single-strand DNA binding motif. Nucleic Acids Res 20: 111–116

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kozbor D, Croce CM (1984) Amplification of the c-myc oncogene in one of five human breast carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Res 44: 438–441

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreipe H, Feist H, Fisher L, Feigner J, Heidorn K, Mettler L, Parwaresch R (1993) Amplification of c-myc but not of c-erb B-2 is associated with high proliferative capacity in breast cancer. Cancer Res 53: 1956–1961

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lacombe M-L, Wallet V, Troll H, Véron M (1990) Functional cloning of a nucleoside diphosphate kinase from Dictyostelium discoideum. J Biol Chem 265: 10012–10018

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lafyatis R, Denhez F, Williams T, Sporn M, Roberts A (1991) Sequence specific protein binding to and activation of the TGF-p3 promoter through a repeated TCCC motif. Nucleic Acids Res 19: 6419–6425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lakso M, Steeg PS, Westphal H (1992) Embryonic expression of nm23 during mouse organogenesis. Cell Growth Differ 3: 873–879

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landschultz WH, Johnson PT, McKnight SL (1988) The leucine zipper: a hypothetical structure common to a new class of DNA binding proteins. Science 240: 1759–1764

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lascu I (1996) Mammalian nucleoside diphosphate kinases: A, B and Nm23(submitted)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lascu I, Chaffotte A, Limbourg-Bouchon B, Véron M (1992) A Pro/Ser substitution in nucleoside diphosphate kinase of Drosophila melanogaster (mutation killer of prune) affects stability but not catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. J Biol Chem 267: 12775–12781

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lascu I, Deville-Bonne D, Glaser P, Véron M (1993) Equilibrium dissociation and unfolding of nucleoside diphosphate kinase from Dictyostelium discoideum. J Biol Chem 268: 20268–20275

    Google Scholar 

  • Leone A, Seeger RC, Hong CM, Hu YY, Arboleda MJ, Brodeur GM, Stram D, Slamon DJ, Steeg PS (1993) Evidence for nm23 RNA overexpression, DNA amplification and mutation in aggressive childhood neuroblastomas. Oncogene 8: 855–865

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lipp M, Schilling R, Wiest S, Laux G, Bornkamm GW (1987) Target sequences for cis-acting regulation within the dual promoter of the human c-myc gene. Mol Cell Biol 7: 1393–1400

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lupas A, Dyke MV, Stock J (1991) Predicting coiled coils from protein sequences. Science 252: 1162–1164

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandai M, Konishi I, Koshiyama M, Mori T, Arao S, Tashiro H, Okamura H, Nomura H, Hiai H, Fukumoto M (1994) Expression of metastasis-related nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 genes in ovarian carcinomas: correlation with clinicopathology, EGFR, c-erbB-2, and c-erbB-3 genes, and sex steroid receptor expression. Cancer Res 54: 1825–1830

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marcu KB, Bossone SA, Patel AJ (1992) myc function and regulation. Annu Rev Biochem 61: 809–860

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mirkin SM, Lyamichev VI, Drushlyak KN, Dobrynin VN, Filippov SA, Frank-Kamenetskii MD (1987) DNA H form requires a homopurine-homopyrimidine mirror repeat. Nature 330: 495–497

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moréra S, LeBras G, Lascu I, Lacombe ML, Véron M, Janin J (1994) Refined X-ray structure of Dictyostelium discoideum nucleoside diphosphate kinase at 1.8 A resolution. J Mol Biol 243: 873–890

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz-Dorado J, Inouye M, Inouye S (1990) Nucleoside diphosphate kinase from Myxococcus xanthus, I. Cloning and sequencing of the gene. J Biol Chem 265: 2702–2706

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Myeroff LL, Markowitz SD (1993) Increased nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 messenger RNA expression and absence of mutations in colon carcinomas of low and high metastatic potential. J Natl Cancer Inst 85: 147–152

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakayama T, Ohtsuru A, Nakao K, Shima M, Nakata K, Watanabe K, Ishii N, Kimura N, Nagataki S (1992) Expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma of nucleoside diphosphate kinase, a homologue of the nm23 gene product. J Natl Cancer Inst 84: 1349–1354

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakayama H, Yasui W, Yokozaki H, Tahara E (1993) Reduced expression of nm23 is associated with metastasis of human gastric carcinomas. Jpn J Cancer Res 84: 184–190

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohneda K, Fukuda M, Shimada N, Ishikawa N, Ichou T, Kaji K, Toyota T, Kimura N (1994) Increased expression of nucleoside diphosphate kinases/nm23 in human diploid fibroblasts transformed by SV40 large T antigen or60 Co irradiation. FEBS Lett 348: 273–277

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okabe-Kado J, Kasukabe T, Honma Y, Hayashi M, Henzel WJ, Hozumi M (1992) Identity of a differentiation inhibiting factor for mouse myeloid leukemia cells with NM23/nucleoside diphosphate kinase. Biochem and Biophys Res Comm 182: 987–994

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Postel EH (1992) Modulation of c-myc transcription by triple helix formation. Ann N.Y Acad Sci 660: 57–63

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Postel EH, Berberich SJ, Flint SJ, Ferrone CA (1993) Human c-myc transcription factor PuF identified as nm23-H2/nucleoside diphosphate kinase, a candidate suppressor of tumor metastasis. Science 261: 478–480

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Postel EH, Flint SJ, Kessler DJ, Hogan ME (1991) Evidence that a triplex-forming oligodeoxyribonucleotide binds to the c-myc promoter in HeLa cells, thereby reducing c-myc mRNA levels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 8227–8231

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Postel EH, Ferrone CA (1994) Nucleoside diphosphate kinase enzyme acitivity of NM23-H2/PuF is not required for its DNA binding and in vitro transcriptional functions. J Biol Chem 269: 8627–8630

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Postel EH, Mango SE, Flint SJ (1989) A nuclease-hypersensitive element of the human c-myc promoter interacts with a transcription initiation factor. Mol Cell Biol 9: 5123–5133

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prem veer Reddy G, Pardee AB (1980) Multienzyme complex for metabolic channeling in mammalian DNA replication. Proc Natl Acad Scid USA 77: 3312–3316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prendergast GC, Ziff EB (1992) A new bind for Myc. TIG 8: 91–97

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prendergast GC, Diamond LE, Dahl D, Cole MD (1990) The c-myc-regulated gene mrl encodes plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Mol Cell Biol 10: 1265–1269

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosengard AM, Krutzsch HC, Shearn A, Biggs JR, Barker E, Margulies IMK, King CR, Liotta LA, Steeg PS (1989) Reduced Nm23/Awd protein in tumour metastasis and aberrant Drosophila development. Nature 342: 177–180

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roux-Desseto M, Martin PM (1989) A paradigm for oncogene complementation in human breast cancer. Res Virol 140: 571–591

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Royds JA, Stephenson TJ, Rees RC, Shorthouse AJ, Silcocks PB (1993) Nm23 protein expression in ductal in situ and invasive human breast carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 85: 727–731

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sastre-Garau X, Lacombe ML, Jouve M, Veron M, Magdelenat H (1992) Nucleoside diphosphate kinase/NM23 expression in breast cancer: lack of correlation with lymph-node metastasis. Int J Cancer 50: 533–538

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt M, Jänicke F, Pache L, Harbeck N, Graeff H (1992) Both the serine protease urokinasse (uPA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) are strong independent phognostic factors in node-negative breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 23: 177

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimada N, Ishikawa N, Munakata Y, Toda T, Watanabe K, Kimura N (1993) A second form (ß isoform) of nucleoside diphosphate kinase from rat. J Biol Chem 268: 2583–2589

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siebenlist U, Henninghausen L, Battey J, Leder P (1984) Chromatin structure and protein binding in theputative regulatory region of the c-myc gene in Burkitt lymphoma. Cell 37: 381–391

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skerka C, Zipfel PF, Siebenlist U (1993) Two regulatory domains are required for down-regulation ofc-myc transcription in differentiating U937 cells. Oncogene 8: 2135–2143

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer CA, Groudine M (1991) Control of c-myc regulation in normal and neoplastic cells. Adv Cancer Res 56: 1–48

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stahl JA, Leone A, Rosengard AM, Proter L, King CR, Steeg PS (1991) Identification of a second humannm23 Gene, nm23-H2. Cancer Res 51: 445–449

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steeg PS, Bevilacqua G, Kopper L, Thorgerisson UR, Talmadge JE, Liotta LA, Sobel ME (1988) Evidence for a novel gene associated with low tumor metastatic potential. J Natl Cancer Inst 80: 200–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steeg PS, De La Rosa A, Flatow U, MacDonald NJ, Benedict M, Leone A (1993) Nm23 and breast cancer matastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 25: 175–187

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Storer RD, Allen HL, Kraynak AR, Bradely MO (1988) Rapid induction of an experimental metastatic phenotype in first passage rat embryo cells by cotransfection of EJ c-Ha-ras and c-myc oncogenes. Oncogene 2: 141–147

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takimoto M, Tomonaga T, Matunis M, Avigan M, Krutzsch H, Dreyfuss G, Levens D (1993) Specific binding of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle protein K to the human c-myc promoter, in vitro. J Biol Chem 268: 18249–18258

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urano T, Takamiya K, Furukawa K, Shiku H (1992) Molecular cloning and functional expression of the second mouse nm23/NDP kinase gene, nm23-M2. FEBS Lett 309: 358–362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe M, Tanaka H, Kamada M, Okano H, Takahashi H, Uchida K, Iwamura A, Zeniya M, Ohno T (1992) Establishment of the human BSMZ breast cancer cell line, which overexpresses the erb-2 and c-myc genes. Cancer Res 52: 5178–5182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wells RD (1988) Unusual DNA structures. J Biol Chem 263: 1095–1098

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaguchi A, Urano T, Goi T, Takeuchi K, Niimoto S, Nakagawara, G, Furukawa K, Shiku H (1993) Expression of human nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 73: 2280–2284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamashiro S, Urano T, Shiku H, Furukawa K (1994) Alteration of nm23 gene expression during the 252induced differentiation of human leukemia cell lines. Oncogene 9: 2461–2468

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zinyk DL, McGonnigal BG, Dearolf CR (1993) Drosophila awdk-pn, a homologue of the metastasis suppressor gene nm23, suppresses the Tum-1 haematopoietic oncogene. Nature Genet 4: 195–201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 08646-1014, Princeton, NJ, USA

    E. H. Postel

Authors
  1. E. H. Postel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Basel Institute for Immunology, Grenzacherstraße 487, CH-4005, Basel, Switzerland

    Ursula Günthert Ph.D., PD

  2. Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, D-13122, Berlin, Germany

    Walter Birchmeier Ph.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Postel, E.H. (1996). NM23/Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase as a Transcriptional Activator of c-myc . In: Günthert, U., Birchmeier, W. (eds) Attempts to Understand Metastasis Formation II. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 213/2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61109-4_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61109-4_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64698-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-61109-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation