Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Elements of Knowledge Based Systems Representation and Inference

  • Conference paper
Batch Processing Systems Engineering

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NATO ASI F,volume 143))

  • 522 Accesses

Abstract

Over the last decade, the use of Knowledge Based techniques have become popular in Process Systems Engineering. This paper will give an overview of some of the main issues involved in the application of such techniques. It does not emphasize batch systems in particular, but does rather present a collection of useful general concepts in search, representation, inference and systems architectures, applicable as well in batch process systems as in e.g. synthesis of process flowsheet. After all, there is quite a number of similarities between batch process systems engineering and process synthesis, since both may be viewed as configuration problems: In batch processing, a major task is to configure a processing plan configuration of a set of actions in time. Search, representation formalisms, inference mechanisms and problem solving systems architectures are the main ingredients of this paper, where the latter of these three is particularly focused towards blackboard systems. The last part of the paper describes the development of a particular blackboard system - AKORN D, its successor AKORN DT and an application system for synthesis of separation systems built on top of AKORN DT.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Andrecowich, M.: Synthesis of Heat Integrated Distillation Sequences, Ph.D. Dissertation Thesis, Chem. Eng. Dept, Carnegie-Mellon Univ., PA, (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Andrecowich, M. and Westerberg, A. W.: A Simple Synthesis Method based on Utility Bounding for Heat-Integrated Distillation Sequences, AIChE J. 31, p.363, (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Barr, F. and Feigenbaum, E.: The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, W. Kaufmann, Los Altos, CA, (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Brachman, R. and Levesque, EI.: Readings in Knowledge Representation, Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, CA (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Brooke, A., D. Kendrick and A. Meeraus: “GAMS - A User’s Guide”, The Scientific Press, Redwood City, CA (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Brownston, L. et al.: Programming Expert Systems in OPS5, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Carnegie Group: Knowledge Craft 3.1 Reference Manual, Carnegie Group Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chamiak, E., Riesbeck, C. K. and McDermott, D. W.: Artificial Intelligence Programming, Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., Hillsdale, NJ, (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Clocksin, W. F. and Mellish, C. S.: Programming in Prolog, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, (1981).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Dahl, O. J. and Nygaard, K.: Simul-an Algol-Based Simulation Language, ACM Comm. 9, p.671, (1966).

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Davis, R. and Lenat, D.: Knowledge-Based Systems in Artificial Intelligence, McGraw-Hill, NY, (1982).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Douglas, J.: A Hierarchical Decomposition Procedure for Process Synthesis AIChE J. 31, p353, (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Douglas, J. M.: “Conceptual Design of Chemical Processes”, McGraw-Hill, NY (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Duda, R. O. et al.: Final Report, SRI Projects 5821 and 6415, SRI International Inc., Menlo Park, CA, (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Erman, L. D. and Lesser, V. R.: A Multi-Level Organization for Problem Solving using many, diverse, cooperating Sources of Knowledge, Proc. 4th UCAI, Tsibili, USSR (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Erman, L. D. and Lesser, V. R.: System Engineering Techniques for Artificial Intelligence Systems, in Hanson, A. and Riseman E.: Computer Vision Systems, Academic Press, NY, (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Erman, L. D. and Lesser, V. R.: The Hearsay-II System: A Tutorial, in Lea, W. A. (ed): Trends in Speech Recognition, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Forgy, C. L. and McDermott, J.-: OPS, a domain independent production system language, Proc. 5th 1.1CM, MIT AI Lab., Cambridge, MA (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Forgy, C. L.: OPS5 User’s Manual, Tech. Rep., Dept of Comp. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., PA, (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Genesereth, M.: An overviews of meta-level architecture, Proc. 3rd Ann. Conf. on M, Los Altos, CA (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Goldberg, A. and Robson, D.: Smalltalk-80: The Language and its Implementation, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Goodall, A.: The Guide to Expert Systems, Learned Information Ltd., Oxford, England, (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hannon, P. and King, D.: Artificial Intelligence in Business. Expert Systems., John Wiley, NY, (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Harris, L. R.: The heuristic search under conditions of error, Artificial Intelligence, 5, No. 3, p.217, (1974).

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Hayes, P. J.: The Logic of Frames, in Metzing, D. (ed): Frame Conceptions and Text Understanding, Walter de Gnryter & Co., Berlin (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hayes-Roth, F. and Lesser, V. R.: Focus of Attention in a Distributed-Logic Speech Understanding System, Tech. Rep., Comp. Sci. Dept, Carnegie-Mellon Univ., PA (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hayes-Roth, B.: Modeling Planning as an Incremental, Opportunistic Process, Proc. 6th UCAI, Los Altos CA, (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Hayes-Roth, F. (ed): Building Expert Systems, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Hayes-Roth, B.: A Blackboard Architecture for Control, Artificial Intelligence, 26, p.251, (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Hayes-Roth, B. el. al.: A Modular and Layered Environment for Reasoning about Action, Tech. Rep. KSL-86–38, Stanford Univ., CA (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Hewett, J. and Sasson, R.: Expert Systems 1986, Vol 1: the USA and Canada, Ovum, (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Hewett, J. and Sasson, R.: Commercial Expert Systems in Europe, Ovum, (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Kraft, A.: XCON: An Expert Configuration System at Digital Equipment Corporation, in Winston, P. and Prendergast, K. A. (Eds): The AI Bwiness: The Commercial Uses of Artificial Intelligence, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Lien, K. Suzuki, G. and Westerberg, A. W.: The Role of Expert Systems Technology in Design, Chem. Eng. Sci., 42, No. 5, p.1049, (1987).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Lien, K. M.: “Expert Systems Technology in Synthesis of Distillation Sequences”, Dr. Ing. Thesis, The Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Lien, K. M.: “A Framework for Opportunistic Problem Solving, Computers and Chemical Engineering, vol. 13, no. 4/5 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Minsky, M.: A Framework for Representing Knowledge, in Winston, P. (ed): The Psychology of Computer Vision, McGraw-Hill, NY, (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Minsky, M., in Haugeland, J. (ed): Mind Design, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Newell, A.: Some Problems of Basic Organization of Problem Solving Programs, in Yovits, M. C. (ed): Proc. Conf. on Self-Organizing Systems, Wash. D.C., (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Newell, A., Shaw, J. C. and Simon, H.: Empirical Explorations of the Logic Theory Machine: A case study in heuristics, in Feigenbaum, E. and Feldman, J. (Eds): Computers and Thought, McGraw-Hill, NY (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Newell, A., et. al.: Information Processing Language V Manual, Prentice-Hall, NY, (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Newell, A, and Simon, H.: Human Problem Solving, Prentice-Hall, NY, (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Newell, A.: Production Systems: Models of Control Structures, in Chase, W. C. (Ed): Visual Information Processing, Academic Press, NY, (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Newell, A.: The Knowledge Level, Artificial Intelligence, 18 No. 1, p.87 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Nii, H. P.: HASP/SIAP Case Study, The AI Mag., Spring, p.23 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Nii, H. P.: Blackboard Systems: The Blackboard Model of Problem Solving and the Evolution of Blackboard Architectures, The AI Mag., Summer, p.38, (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Nii, E. P.: Blackboard Application Systems, Blackboard Systems from a Knowledge Engineering Perslive, The AI Mag., August p.82, (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Nilsson, N.: Principles of Artificial Intelligence, Tioga Publ. Co., Palo Alto, CA, (1980).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  49. Pearl, J.: Heuristics, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Reid, R. C., J. M. Prausnitz and B. E. Poling: “The Properties of Gases and Liquids”, McGraw-Hill, NY (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Robinson, J. A.: A Machine Oriented Logic Based on the Resolution Principle, JACM, 12, No. 1, p.23, (1965).

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  52. SanGiovanni, J. P. and Romans, H. C.: Expert Systems in Industry: A Survey, Chem. Eng. Progr., Sept-87, p.52 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Shortcliffe, E. H.: Computer Based Medical Consultations, Elsevier, NY, (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  54. Simulation Sciences Inc.: PROCESS Reference Manual, Simulation Sciences Inc., Fullerton, CA, (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  55. Simon, E.: The Sciences of the Artificial, MIT Press, MA, (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Stefik, M: Planning with Constraints, Ph.D. dissertation Thesis, Comp. Sci. Dept., Stanford Univ., CA, (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  57. Teny, A.: The Chrysalis Project-Hierarchical Control of Production Systems, Tech. Rep. HPP-83–19, Stanford Univ., CA, (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Wahl, P. E. “Synthesis of Heat Integrated Distillation Systems - Approaches Combining Artificial Intelligence and Operations Research Methods”, Dr. Ing. Thesis, The Norwegian Institute of Technology, The University of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Wahl P. E. and K. M. Lien: “S6 - A Computer Program for Automated Synthesis of Heat Integrated Distillation Systems”, Sintef Tech. Report, The Sintef Group, Trondheim, Norway (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Waterman, D. A.: A Guide to Expert Systems, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Wehe, R, Lien, K. and Westerberg, A. W.: Control Architecture Considerations for a Separations Systems Design Expert, Proc. NFS-AAAI Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Process Engineering, Columbia Univ., NY, March-87 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Winston, P. and Eorn, B. K. P.: LISP, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Winston, P.H.: “Artificial Intelligence”, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  64. Zadeh, L.: A Theory of Approximate Reasoning, in Michie, D. (Ed): Machine Intelligence Vol. 9, Ellis Norwood, Chichester, (1979).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Trondheim, Norway

    Kristian M. Lien

Authors
  1. Kristian M. Lien
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Ginraras V. Reklaitis

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, ENG 118, Tampa, FL, 33620-5350, USA

    Aydin K. Sunol

  3. Laboratory for Technical Chemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Switzerland

    David W. T. Rippin

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, TR-80815, Bebek-Istanbul, Turkey

    Öner Hortaçsu

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Lien, K.M. (1996). Elements of Knowledge Based Systems Representation and Inference. In: Reklaitis, G.V., Sunol, A.K., Rippin, D.W.T., Hortaçsu, Ö. (eds) Batch Processing Systems Engineering. NATO ASI Series, vol 143. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60972-5_24

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60972-5_24

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64635-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60972-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation