Abstract
Somatostatin is one of the most widespread neuropeptides in the brain. Receptors are found not only on neurons, but also on astroglia and meningeal cells in vitro and in situ and on microglia cells at least in vitro. Moreover, somatostatin receptors are overexpressed in malignant derivatives of these cells, human gliomas and meningiomas. In human gliomas and glial cell lines the receptors are located mainly on the processes of the cells and only rarely on the somata. Interestingly, the pattern of somatostatin receptor subtypes (sst) differs between normal astrocytes and gliomas or glioma cell lines. Whereas astrocytes express multiple subtypes (sst1, sst2, sst4) the subtype sst2 is predominant in gliomas (often with low levels of other subtypes). Somatostatin inhibits the basal or agonist-stimulated proliferation of microglia cells, but not of astrocytes or gliomas. The reason for this lack of inhibitory action in astrocytes or gliomas might be (in part) a desensitization of the receptor, e.g. by phosphorylation. An increased phosphorylation of the receptor sst2, after stimulation with its agonist, was observed in U343 glioma cells metabolically labeled with radioactive phosphate. These results show that not only neurons but also non-neuronal cells have to be considered as target cells for neuropeptides in the brain.
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Feindt, J., Krisch, B., Mentlein, R. (1997). Receptors and Effects of the Inhibitory Neuropeptide Somatostatin in Glial Derivatives. In: Korf, HW., Usadel, KH. (eds) Neuroendocrinology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60915-2_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60915-2_20
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