Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Coupling of Glutamate Uptake and Degradation in Transmitter Clearance: Anatomical Evidence

  • Conference paper
Neutrotransmitter Release and Uptake

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIH,volume 100))

Abstract

One reason for investigating glutamate uptake in the CNS has been the requirement for rather low extracellular glutamate levels (ca. 1μM) and their tight homeostatic control. Without it, raised extracellular glutamate would lead to uncontrolled neuronal excitation and, ultimately, to neuronal death. The inactivation of glutamate seems to rely both on its uptake and its subsequent enzymatic degradation because — as hypothesized below- uptake is dependent on efficient intracellular removal of glutamate. Regarding the proteins mediating these processes, four high affinity glutamate transporters have been described (Danbolt, 1994; Fairman et al., 1995) and three of them localized in the rat CNS (Rothstein et al., 1994).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Attwell D, Barbour B and Szatkowski, M, Nonvesicular release of neurotransmitter. Neuron 11: 401–407 (1993)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balazs R, Patel AJ and Richter D, Metabolic compartments in the brain: their properties and relation to morphological structures. In: Balazs R and Cremer (eds.) Metabolic Compartmentation in the Brain, Macmillan, NY, 1972, pp 167–184

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbour B, Keller BU, Llano I and Marty A, Prolonged presence of glutamate during excitatory synaptic transmission to cerebellar Purkinje cells. Neuron 12:1331–1343(1994)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbour B, Magnus C, Szatkowski M, Gray PTA, Attwell D, Changes in NAD(P)H fluorescence and membrane current produced by glutamate uptake into salamander Müller cells. J Physiol 466:573–597 (1993)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berl S and Clarke DD, Metabolic Compartmentation of the Glutamate-Glutamine System: Glial Contribution. In: Fonnum F (ed), Amino Acids as Chemical Transmitters. Plenum NY 691–708 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chee PY, Dahl JL and Fahien LA, The purification and properties of rat brain glutamate dehydrogenase. J Neurochem 33:53–60 (1979)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conti F, Rustioni A, Petrusz P and Towle AC, Glutamate-positive neurons in the somatic sensory cortex of rats and monkeys. J Neurosci 7:1887–1901

    Google Scholar 

  • (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Danbolt NC, The high affinity uptake system for excitatory amino acids in the brain. Prog Neurobiol 44:377–396 (1994)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Derouiche A, Härtig, W, Brauer K and Brückner G, Spatial relationship of lectin-labelled extracellular matrix and glutamine synthetase-immuno- reactive astrocytes in rat cortical forebrain regions. J Anat (1996in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Derouiche A and Frotscher M, Astroglial processes around identified glutamateric synapses contain glutamine synthetase: evidence for transmitter degradation. Brain Res 552:346–350 (1991)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Derouiche A and Rauen T, Coincidence of Glutamate-Aspartate-Transporter-(GLAST) and Glutamine Synthetase- (GS) Immunoreactions in Retinal Glia: Evidence for Coupling of GLAST and GS in Transmitter Clearance. J Neurosci Res 42:131–143 (1995)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ehinger B and Falck B, Autoradiography of some suspected neurotransmitter sbstances: GABA, glycine, glutamic acid, histamine, dopamine, and L-DOPA. Brain Res 33:157–172 (1971)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fairman WA, Vandenberg RJ, Arriza JL, Kavanaugh, MP and Amara SG, An excitatory amino-acid transporter with properties of a ligand-gated chloride channel. Nature 375:599–603 (1995)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia Y, Ibarra C and Jaffe EH, NMDA- and non-NMDA receptor mediated release of [3H]glutamate from granule cell dendrites of rat olfactory bulb. J Neurochem 64:662–669 (1995)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gebhard R, Histochemical demonstration of glutamate dehydrogenase and phosphate-activated glutaminase activities in semithin sections of the rat retina. Histochem 97:101–103 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halász N and Shepherd GM, Neurochemistry of the vertebrate olfactory bulb. Neurosci 10 3:579–619 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hallermayer K and Hamprecht B, Cellular heterogeneity in primary cultures of brain cells revealed by immunocytochemical localisation of glutamine synthetase. Brain Res 295:1–11 (1984)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klöckner U, Storck T, Conradt M and Stoffel W, Electrogenic L-glutamate uptake in xenopus leavis oocytes expressing a cloned rat brain L- glutamate/L-aspartate transporter (GLAST-1). J Biol Chem 268:14594–14596(1993)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kollegger H, McBean GJ and Tipton KF, The inhibition of glutamine synthetase in rat corpus striatum in vitro by methionine sulfoximine increases the neurotoxic effects of kainate and N-methyl-D-aspartate. Neurosci Lett 130:95–98 (1991)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • König JFR and Klippel RA, The rat brain. A stereotaxic atlas of the forebrain and lower parts of the brain-stem. The Williams and Wilkins Comp., Baltimore, 1963

    Google Scholar 

  • Kugler P, Enzymes involved in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Int Rev Cytol 147:285–336 (1993)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laming PR, Cosby SL and O’Neill JK, Seizures in the mongolian gerbil are related to a deficiency in cerebral glutamine synthetase. Comp Biochem Physiol 94C, 2:399–404 (1989)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Logan WJ and Snyder SH, High affinity uptake systems for glycine, glutamic and aspartic acids in synaptosomes of rat central nervous tissues. Brain Res 42:413–431 (1972)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maragos WF, Penny JB and Young AB, Anatomic correlation of NMDA and 3H-TCP-labelled receptors in rat brain. J Neurosci 8:493–501 (1988)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez-Hernandez A, Bell KP and Norenberg MD, Glutamine Synthetase: Glial Localization in Brain. Science 195:1356–1358 (1977)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massey SC, Cell types using glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the vertebrate retina. In: Osborne N and Chader G (eds): Prog Retin Res, Vol 9, Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp 399–425 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • Massey SC, Redburn DA, Transmitter circuits in the vertebrate retina. Prog Neurobiol 28:55–96 (1987)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meister A, Glutamine Synthetase of Mammals. The Enzymes 10:699–754 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monaghan DT, Holets VR, Toy TW and Cotman CW, Anatomical distributions of four pharmacologically distinct 3H-L-glutamate binding sites. Nature 306:176–179 (1983)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norenberg MD, The distribution of glutamine sythetase in the rat central nervous system. J Histochem Cytochem 27:756–762 (1979)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norenberg MD and Martinez-Hernandez A, Fine structural localization of glutamine synthetase in astrocytes of rat brain. Brain Res 161:303–310 (1979)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver C, Starke-Reed P, Stadtman E, Liu G, Carney JFR, Oxidative damage to brain proteins, loss of glutamine synthetase activity, and production of free radicals during ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury to gerbil brain. Proc Natl Sci USA 87:5144–5147 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ottersen OP and Storm-Mathisen J, Glutamate- and GABA- containing neurons in the mouse and rat brain, as demonstrated with a new immunocytochemical technique. J Comp Neurol 229:374–392 (1984)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palay S and Chan-Palay V, Cerebellar cortex: Cytology and organisation. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Petito CK, Chung MC, Verkhovsky LM and Cooper AJL, Brain glutamine synthetase increases following cerebral ischemia in the rat. Brain Res 569:275–280(1992)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pin J-P, Bockaert J, Recasens M, The Ca2+/CI- dependent L-[3H]glutamate binding: a new receptor or a particular transport process? FEBS Lett 175:31–36(1984)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pow DV and Robinson SR, Glutamate in some retinal neurons is derived solely from glia. Neurosci 60:355–36 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Price JL, An autoradiographic study of complementary laminar patterns of termination of afferent fibres to the olfactory cortex. J Comp Neurol 150:87– 108(1973)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rauen T and Kanner Bl, Localization of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 in rat and macaque monkey retina. Neurosci Lett 169:137–140 (1994)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reichelt W, Stabel J, Pannicke T, Heinemann U, Glutathione synthesis is limited by the velocity of the Na+/ glutamate transporter in Müller glial cells. Society for Neuroscience Meeting, Miami, Abstract No 267.11. (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • Riepe RE and Norenberg MD, Müller cell localization of glutamine synthetase in rat retina. Nature 286: 654–655 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothstein JD, Martin L, Levey Al, Dykes-Hoberg M, Jin L, Wu D, Nash N and Kuncl RW, Localization of neuronal and glial glutamate transporters. Neuron 13:713–725 (1994)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schor NF, Inactivation of mammalian brain glutamine synthetase by oxygen radicals. Brain Res 456:17–21 (1988)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz K, Stell W, Immunocytochemical localization of the high-affinity glutamate transporter, EAAC1, in the retina of representative vertebrate species. Neurosci Lett 211:191–194 (1996)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shao Y, Enkvist MOK, McCarthy KD, Glutamate blocks astroglial stellation: effect of glutamate uptake and volume changes. Glia 11:1–10 (1994)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sher PK and Hu S, Increased glutamate uptake and glutamine synthetase activity in neuronal cell cultures surviving chronic hypoxia. Glia 3:350–357 (1990)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steward O, Topographic organization of the projections from the entorhinal area to the hippocampal formation of the rat. J Comp Neurol 167:285:314 (1976)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Storck T, Schulte S, Hofmann K and Stoffel W, Structure, expression and functional analysis of a Na+-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter from rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 89:10955–10959 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Storm-Mathisen J, Leknes AK, Bore AT, Vaaland JL, Edminson P, Haug F-M S and Ottersen OP, First visualization of glutamate and GABA in neurons by immunocytochemistry. Nature 301:517–520 (1983)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka H, Araki M and Masuzawa T, Reaction of astrocytes in the gerbil hippocampus following transient ischemia: immunohistochemical observations with antibodies against Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, glutamine synthetase, and S-100 protein. Exp Neurol 116:264–274 (1992)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tiffany-Castiglioni EC, Peterson SL and Castiglioni AJ, Alterations in glutamine synthetase activity by FeC-induced focal and kindled amygdaloid seizures. J Neurosci Res 25:223–228 (1990)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torp R, Danbolt NC, Babaie E, Bjoras M, Seeberg E, Storm-Mathisen J and Ottersen OP, Differential expression of two glial glutamate transporters in the rat brain: an in situ hybridization study. Eur J Neurosci 6:936–942 (1994)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wässle H and Boycott B, Functional architecture of the mammalian retina. Physiol Rev 71:447–480 (1991)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Westrum LE and Bakay RAE, Plasticity in the rat olfactory cortex. J Comp Neurol 243:195–206 (1986)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witter MP, Griffioen AW, Jorritsma-Byham B and Krijnen JLM, Entorhinal projections to the hippocampal CA1 region in the rat: an underestimated pathway. Neurosci Lett 85:193–198 (1988)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff JR, Quantitative aspects of astroglia. Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of Neuropathology, Masson&Cie., Paris, pp 327–352 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-lnstitute for Brain Research, Deutschordenstr. 46, D-60528, Frankfurt/M, Germany

    Amin Derouiche

Authors
  1. Amin Derouiche
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Brain Research, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey

    Şakire Pöğün

  2. Department of Physiology, Ege University School of Medicine, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey

    Şakire Pöğün

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Derouiche, A. (1997). Coupling of Glutamate Uptake and Degradation in Transmitter Clearance: Anatomical Evidence. In: Pöğün, Ş. (eds) Neutrotransmitter Release and Uptake. NATO ASI Series, vol 100. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60704-2_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60704-2_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64517-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60704-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation