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The Coxsackie B Viruses pp 259–282Cite as

Roles of the Humoral Response in Coxsackievirus B-Induced Disease

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 223))

Abstract

Antibodies to a coxsackie virus group B (CVB) may be regarded as a footprint record of trespass in an animal by one of these viruses that resulted in subsequent induction of a humoral immune response toward numerous immunogenic viral protein epitopes. These epitopes will be found in virion polypeptides, virion polypeptides in various stages of completion, nonstructural viral proteins required for replication and the latter proteins in stages of synthesis. Linear, conformational and combinatorial viral epitopes will stimulate production of anti-viral protein antibodies of several immunoglobulin classes and IgG subclasses. Natural challenges to humans by the CVB occur most frequently by ingestion from liquids or foods, contact with fingers or fomites, transplacental passage to the fetus and probably by aerosols during replication in the respiratory tract. The major outcomes of most CVB infections of humans are asymptomatic, but there are numerous transient infections that result in illnesses in the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and skin. Less frequently, CVB cause serious illnesses involving inflammatory responses in the heart, meninges, brain and pancreas that lead to chronic diseases, some of which terminate in death. To delineate parameters of infection involved in protection or in pathology, murine models of CVB-induced human diseases have been studied for nearly four decades. Reviews of studies on basic mechanisms involved in CVB-induced diabetes mellitus (Barrett-Conner 1985; Toniolo et al. 1988; D’alessio 1992) and in CVB3- and CVB2-induced myocarditis (Lerner and Wilson 1973; Woodruff 1980; Lerner 1985, Gauntt 1987; Gauntt et al. 1993a) show the value of these models in increasing our understanding of the contributions of innate resistance mechanisms and both humoral and cell-mediated immune systems to the resolution or continuation of disease.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78284-7758, USA

    C. J. Gauntt

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  1. Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 600 South 42nd Street, Omaha, NE, 69198-6495, USA

    Steven Tracy Ph.D. (Professor) & Nora M. Chapman Ph.D. (Assistant Professor) (Professor) &  (Assistant Professor)

  2. National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA

    Brian W. J. Mahy Ph.D., Sc.D. (Director of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases) (Director of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases)

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Gauntt, C.J. (1997). Roles of the Humoral Response in Coxsackievirus B-Induced Disease. In: Tracy, S., Chapman, N.M., Mahy, B.W.J. (eds) The Coxsackie B Viruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 223. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60687-8_12

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