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Genetics of Coxsackievirus Virulence

  • Chapter
The Coxsackie B Viruses

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 223))

Abstract

The first reported isolate of the coxsackieviruses occurred in the upstate New York town of Coxsackie (Dalldorf and Sickles 1948). By the mid-late 1950s (Dalldorf 1955), the coxsackie B viruses (CVBs) had been shown to be agents of severe human inflammatory heart muscle disease (myocarditis) (Montgomery et al. 1955; Gear et al. 1956; Javett et al. 1956; van Creveld and de Jager 1956; Verlinde et al. 1956; Fletcher and Brennan 1957; Kibrick and Benirschke 1958; Simenhoff and Ulys 1958). In the intervening years, the CVBs have been confirmed as etiologic agents of, or etiologically linked to, a host of human diseases ranging from flu-like illness through severe inflammatory diseases of the heart and central nervous system (Melnick 1990; Chaps. 2–4 ). Based on molecular detection data, it is estimated that enteroviruses (likely in most cases to be CVBs) are etiologic agents in perhaps 20%–25% of the cases of inflammatory heart disease (or myocarditis) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), although individual reports range from 0%–53% (Bowles et al. 1986; Easton and Eglin 1988; Tracy et al. 1990; Kandolf and Hofschneider 1991; Grasso et al. 1992; reviewed in Martino et al. 1995). DCM alone afflicts approximately five to eight per 100 000 per year worldwide (Williams and Olsen 1985; Manolio et al. 1992). In the aggregate, these data indicate that there are at least 5000 or more occurrences of enterovirus-induced DCM alone per year in the United States.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 600 S 42 Street, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA

    N. M. Chapman & S. Tracy

  2. Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, David Axelrod Institute, 120 New Scotland, Avenue, Albany, NY, 12201-2002, USA

    A. I. Ramsingh

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  1. Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 600 South 42nd Street, Omaha, NE, 69198-6495, USA

    Steven Tracy Ph.D. (Professor) & Nora M. Chapman Ph.D. (Assistant Professor) (Professor) &  (Assistant Professor)

  2. National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA

    Brian W. J. Mahy Ph.D., Sc.D. (Director of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases) (Director of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases)

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Chapman, N.M., Ramsingh, A.I., Tracy, S. (1997). Genetics of Coxsackievirus Virulence. In: Tracy, S., Chapman, N.M., Mahy, B.W.J. (eds) The Coxsackie B Viruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 223. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60687-8_11

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