Skip to main content

Immunogenetics of Reproduction:An Overview

  • Chapter
Reproductive Immunology

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 222))

Abstract

The survival of allografts in mammals is influenced by genes of the major histocompatibility complex(MHC); in humans incompatibility with respect to HLA genes is associated with rapid rejection of foreign tissues(VAN ROOD and CLAAS 1990; RATNER et al. 1991). A notable exception is pregnancy, during which allogeneic(fetal) tissues escape rejection. The immunologically privileged nature of the fetal allograft was first noted by MEDAWAR in 1953, and maternal tolerance of an allogeneic fetus is a paradox that remains a central theme in reproductive immunological research today.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amos DB(1974) HL-A, fertility, and natural selection. In:Diczfalusy E(ed) Karolinska symposium on research methods in reproductive endocrinology, 7th edn. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, pp 318–327

    Google Scholar 

  • Balasch J, Inmaculada J, Martorell J, Gayá A, Vanrell JA(1993) Histocompatibility in in vitro fertilization couples. Fertil Steril 59:456–458

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beer AE, Billingham RE(1976). The immunobiology of reproduction. Prentice-Hall, Englewood cliffs

    Google Scholar 

  • Beer AE, Quebbeman JF, Ayers JWT, Haines RF(1981) Major histocompatibility complex antigens, maternal and paternal immune responses, and chronic habitual abortions in humans. Am J Obstet Gynecol 141:987–997

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beer AE, Semprini AE, Xiaoyu Z, Quebbeman JF(1985) Pregnancy outcome in human couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions:HLA antigen profiles, female serum MLR block factors, and paternal leukocyte immunization. Exp Clin Immunogenet 2:137–153

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bolis PF, Bianchi MM, Soro V, Belvedere M(1984) HLA typing in couples with repetitive abortion. Biol Res Pregnancy 5:135–137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bolis PF, Martinetti Bianchi M, Fianza A, Franchi M, Cuccia Belvedere M(1987) Immunogenetic aspects of pre-eclampsia. Biol Res Pregnancy Perinatol 8:42–45

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell RD. Trowsdale J(1993) Map of the human MHC. Immunol Today 14:349–352

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cauchi MN, Tait B, Wilshire MI, Koh SH, Mraz G, Kloss M, Pepperell R(1988) Histocompatibility antigens and habitual abortion. Am J Reprod Immunol 18:28–31

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caudle MR, Rote NS, Scott JR, DeWitt C, Barney MD(1983) Histocompatibility in couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion and normal fertility. Fertil Steril 39:793–797

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang M-Y, Soong Y-K, Huang C-C(1991) Comparison of histocompatibility between couples with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion and normal multipara. Formosan Med Assoc 90:153–159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman DL, Wolgemuth DJ(1993) Isolation of the murine cyclin B2 cDNA and characterization of the lineage and temporal specificity of expression of the B1 and B2 eyclins during oogenesis, spermatogenesis, and early embryogenesis. Development 118:229–240

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiang MH, Main EK(1993) Identification of HLA-G polymorphism using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) followed by DNA sequence analysis. Serono Symposia on the Im-munobiology of Reproduction, 29A

    Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen OB, Riisom K, Lauritsen JG, Grunnet N(1989) No increased histocompatibility antigen-sharing in couples with idiopathic habitual abortion. Hum Reprod 4:160–162

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen OB, Mathiesen O, Grunnet N, Jersild C, Lauritsen JG(1990a) Is there a common genetic background for pre-eclampsia and recurrent spontaneous abortion? Lancet 335:361–362

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen OB, Mathiesen O, Riisom K, Lauritsen JG, Grunnet N(1990b) HLA or HLA-linked genes reducebirthweight in families affected by idiopathic recurrent abortion. Tissue Antigens 36:156 - 163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen OB, Mathiesen O, Husth M, Lauritsen JG, Grunnet N(1994) Placebo-controlled trial of active immunization with third party leukocytes in recurrent miscarriage. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 73:261–268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chumbley G, King A, Gardner L, Lowlett S, Holmes N, Loke YW(1994) Generation of an antibody to HLA-G in transgenic mice and demonstration of the tissue reactivity of this antibody. J Reprod Immunol 27:173–186

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colbern GT, Main EK(1991) Immunology of the maternal-placental interface in normal pregnancy. Semin Perinatol 15:196–205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colonna M, Bresnahan M, Bahram S, Strominger JL, Spies T(1992) Allelic variants of the human putative peptide transporter involved in antigen processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:3932–3936

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coulam CB, Moore SB, O’Fallon WM(1987) Association between major histocompatibility antigen and reproductive performance. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol 14:54–58

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cowchock FS, Smith JB(1992) Predictors for livebirth after unexplained spontaneous abortion:correlations between immunologic test results, obstetric histories, and outcome of next pregnancy without treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 167:1208–1212

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cowchock FS, Smith JB, David S, Scher J, Batzer F, Corson S(1990) Paternal mononuclear cell immunization therapy for repeated miscarriage:predictive variables for success. Am J Reprod Immunol 22:12–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis SA, Sargent IL, Redman CWG, McMichael AJ(1986) Evidence for a novel HLA antigen found on human extravillous trophoblast and a choriocarcinoma cell line. J Immunol 59:595–601

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis SA, Palmer MS, McMichael AJ(1990) Human trophoblast and the choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo express a truncated HLA class I molecule. J Immunol 144:731–735

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eroglu G, Betz G, Torregano C(1992) Impact of histocompatibility antigens on pregnancy outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 166:1364–1369

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faulk WP, Hsi BL, Mclntyre J A, Yeh CJG, Muechielli A(1982) Antigens of the human extra-embryonic membranes. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 31:181–189

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flaherty L, Elliott E, Tine J A, Walsh AC, Waters JB(1990) Immunogenetics of the Q and T1 regions of the mouse. CRC Crit Rev Immunol 10:131–175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujii T, Ishitani A, Geraghty DE(1994) A soluble form of HLA-G antigen is encoded by a messenger ribonucleic acid contraining intron 4. J Immunol 153:5516–5524

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujisawa S(1985) HLA antigens-antibodies system and its association with severe toxemia of pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Jpn 37:124–130

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galbraith RM, Werner P, Kantor RR, Galbraith GM(1981) Studies of the interaction between human transferrin and specific receptors on the trophoblast membrane. Placenta Suppl 3:49–59

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geraghty DE(1993) Structure of the HLA class I region and expression of its resident genes. Curr Opin Immunol 5:3–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geraghty DE, Koller BH, Orr HT(1987) A human major histocompatibility complex class I gene that encodes a protein with a shortened cytoplasmic segment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:9145–9149

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geraghty DE, Koller BH, Hansen JA, Orr HT(1992a) The HLA class I gene family includes at least six genes and twelve speudogenes and gene fragments. J Immunol 149:1934–1946

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geraghty DE, Pei J, Lipsky B, Hansen J A, Taillon-Miller P, Bronson SK, Chaplin DD(1992b) Cloning and physical mapping of the HLA class I region spanning the HLA-E-to-HLA-F interval by using yeast artificial chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:2669–2673

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerencer M, Kastelan A(1983) The role of HLA-D region in feto-maternal interactions. Transplant Proc 15:893–895

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerencer M, Drazancic A, Kuvacic I, Tomaskovic Z, Kastelan A(1979) HLA antigen studies in women with recurrent gestational disorders. Fertil Steril 31:401–404

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glynne R, Powis SH, Beck S, Kelly A, Kerr L-A, Trowsdale J(1991) A proteasome-related gene between the two ABC transporter loci in the class II region of the human MHC. Nature 353:357–360

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hauck WW, Ober C(1991) Statistical analysis of outcomes from repeated pregnancies:effects of HLA sharing on fetal loss. Genet Epidemiol 8:187–197

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho H-N, Gill TJ, Nsieh R-P, Hsieh H-J, Lee T-Y(1990) Sharing of human leukocyte antigens in primary and secondary recurrent spontaneous abortions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 163:178–188

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho H–N, Yang Y-S, Hsieh R-P, Lin H-R, Chen S-U, Chen H0F, Huang S0C, Lee T-Y, Gill TJ III(1994) Sharing of human leukocyte antigens in couples with unexplained infertility affects the success of in vitro fertilization and tubal embryo transfer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170:63–71

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Houlihan JM, Biro PA, Fergar-Payne A, Simpson KL, Holmes CH(1992) Evidence for the expression of non HLA-A,-B,-C class I genes in the human fetal liver. J Immunol 149:6–68675

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt J, Orr HT(1992) HLA and maternal-fetal recognition. FASEB J 6:2344–2348

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishitani A, Geraghty DE(1992) Alternative splicing of HLA-G transcripts yields proteins with primary structures resembling both class I and class II antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:3947–3951

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ito K, Obata F, Tanaka T, Tsutsumi N, Kashiwagi N(1992) Analysis of HLA-DR types of unexplained recurrent spontaneous aborters in the Japanese population by oligonucleotide-DNA typing. Tissue Antigens 40:204–209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeannet M, Bischof P, Bourrit B, Vuagnat P(1985) Sharing of HLA antigens in fertile, subfertile, and infertile couples. Transplant Proc 17:903–904

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins DM, Need JA, Scott JS, Morris H„ Pepper M(1978) Human leukocyte antigens and mixed lymphocyte reaction in severe pre-eclampsia. Br Med J 1:542–544

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin K, Ho H-N, Speed TP, Gill TJ III(1995) Reproductive failure and the major histocompatibility complex. Am J Hum Genet 56:1456–1467

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson PM, Stern PL(1986) Antigen expression at human materno-fetal interfaces. Prog Immunol 6:1056–1069

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson PM, Chia KV, Risk JM, Barnes RMR, Woodrow JC(1988) Immunological and immunogenetic investigation of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Dis Markers 6:163–171

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly AP, Powis SH, Glynne R, Radley E, Beck S, Trowsdale J(1991a) Second proteasome-related gene in the human MHC class II region. Nature 353:667–668

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly AP, Monaco J J, Cho S, Trowsdale J(1991b) A new human class II-related locus, DM. Nature 353:571–573

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick DC, Liston WA(1994) Influence of histocompatibility antigens in recurrent spontaneous abortion and its relevance to leukocyte immunotherapy. Hum Reprod 8:1645–1649

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick DC, Gibson F, Livingston J, Liston WA(1990) Pre-eclampsia is associated with HLA-DR4 sharing between mother and fetus. Tissue Antigens 35:178–181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King A, Boocock C, Sharkey AM, Gardner L, Beretta A, Siccardi AG, Loke YW(1996) Evidence for the expression of HLA-C class I mRNA and protein by human first trimester trophoblast. J Immunol 156:2068–2076

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirby DR(1970) The egg and immunology. Proc R Soc Med 63:59–61

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirisits MJ, Kunz HW, Gill TJ III(1991) Analysis of the sequ0ence similarities of classical and non- classical class I genes. In:Tsuji M, Aizawa M, Sasuzuki T(eds) HLA 1991, vol 1. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 1021–1030

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirisits MJ, Sawai H, Kunz HW, Gill TJ III(1994) Multiple TL-like loci in the grc-G/C region of the rat. Immunogenetics 39:301–315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirszenbaum M, Moreau P, Gluckman E, Dausset J, Carosella E(1994) An alternatively spliced form of HLA-G mRNA in human trophoblasts and evidence for the presence of HLA-G transcript in adult lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:4209–4213

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Komlos L, Zamir R, Joshua H, Halbrecht I(1977) Common HLA antigens in couples with repeated abortions. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 7:330–335

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kostyu DD(1994) HLA:Fertile territory for developmental genes? Crit Rev Immunol 14:29–59

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koyoma M, Saji F, Takahashi S, Takemura M, Samejima Y, Kameda T, Kimura T, Tanizawa O(1992) Probabilistic assessment of the HLA sharing of recurrent spontaneous abortion couples in the Japanese population. Tissue Antigens 37:211–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovats S, Main EK, Librach C, Stubblebine M, Fisher SJ, Demars R(1990) A class I antigen, HLA-G, expressed in human trophoblasts. Science 248:220–223

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kunz HW, Gill TJ III, Dixon BD, Taylor FH, Greiner DL(1980) The growth and reproduction complex in the rat:genes linked to the major histocompatibility complex which affect development. J Exp Med 152:1506–1508

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laitinen T, Koskimies S, Westman P(1993) Foeto-maternal compatibility in HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP loci in Finnish couples suffering from recurrent spontaneous abortions. Eur J Immunogenet 20:249–258

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Le Bouteiller P(1994) HLA class I chromosomal region, genes, and products:facts and questions. Crit Rev Immunol 14:89–129

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loke YW, King A(1991) Recent developments in the human maternal-fetal immune interaction. Curr Opin Immunol 3:762–766

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lyon MF(1981) The t-complex and the genetical control of development. Symp Zool Soc London 47:455

    Google Scholar 

  • Mclntyre JA, Faulk WP, Nichols-Johnson VR, Taylor CG(1986) Immunologic testing and immunotherapy in recurrent spontaneous abortion. Obstet Gynecol 67:169–174

    Google Scholar 

  • McMaster MT, Librach CL, Zhon Y, Lim KH, Janatpour MJ, De Mars R, Kovats S, Damsky C, Fisher SJ(1995) Human placental HLA-G expression is restricted to differentiated cytotrophoblasts, J Immunol 154:3771–3778

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Medwar PB(1953) Some immunological and endocrinological problems raised by the evolution of viviparity in vertebrates. Symp Soc Exp Biol 7:320–338

    Google Scholar 

  • Messer G, Zemmour J, Orr HT, Parham P, Weiss EH, Girdlestone J(1992) HLA-J, a second inactivated class I HLA gene related to HLA-G and HLA-A. Implications for the evolution of the HLA-A- related genes. J Immunol 148:4043–4053

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morales PSJ, Corell A, Martinez-Laso J, Martin-Villa M, Varela M, Paz-Artal E, Allende L, Arnaiz- Villena A(1993) Three new HLA-G alleles and their linkage disequilibria with HLA-A. Immunogenetics 38:323–331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mowbray JF, Gibbings CR, Sidgwick AS, Ruszkiewicz M, Beard RW(1983) Effects of transfusion in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Transplant Proc 15:896–899

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson JL, Hughes KA, Smith AG, Nisperos BB, Branchaud AM, Hansen J A(1993) Maternal-fetal disparity in HLA class II alloantigens and the pregnancy-induced amerlioration of rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 329:466–471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nordlander C, Fuchs T, Hammarstrom L, Smith CIE(1983) Human leukocyte anigens group A in couples with unexplained infertility. Fertil Steril 40:60–65

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ober C(1992) The maternal-fetal relationship in human pregnancy:an immunogenetic perspective. Exp Clin Immunogenet 9:1–14

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ober C(1995) HLA and reproduction:lessons from studies in Hutterites. Placenta 16:569–577

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ober C, Martin AO, Simpson JL, Hauck WW, Amos DB, Kostyu DD, Fotino M, Allen FH(1983) Shared HLA antigens and reproductive performance in the Hutterites. Am J Hum Genet 35:990–1004

    Google Scholar 

  • Ober C, Hauck WW, Kostyu DD, O’Brien E, Elias S, Simpson JL, Martin AO(1985) Adverse effects of HLA-DR sharing on fertility:a cohort study in a human isolate. Fertil Steril 44:227–232

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ober C, Elias S, O’Brien E, Kostyu DD, Hauck WW, Bombard A(1988) HLA sharing and fertility in Hutterite couples:evidence for prenatal selection against compatible fetuses. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol 18:1111–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Ober C, Elias S, Kostyu DD, Hauck WW(1992) Decreased fecundability in Hutterite couples sharing HLA-DR. Am J Hum Genet 50:61–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Ober C, Steck T, van der Ven K, Billstrand C, Messer L, Kwak J, Beaman K, Beer AE(1993) MHC class II compatibility in aborted fetuses and term infants of couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion. J Reprod Immunol 25:195–207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ober C, Steck T, van der Ven K, Billstrand C, Messer L, Kwak J, Beaman K, Beer AE(1993) MHC class II compatibility in aborted fetuses and term infants of couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion. J Reprod Immunol 25:195–207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oksenberg JR, Persitz E, Amar A, Brautbar C(1984) Maternal-paternal histocompatibility:lack of association with habitual abortions. Fertil Steril 42:389–395

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orr HT(1989) Characterization of genes encoding non-HLA-A,B,C proteins. In:Dupont B(ed) Im-munobiology of HLA. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg New York, pp 33–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Payne R, Rolfs MR(1958) Fetomateraal leucocyte incompatibility. J Clin Invest 37:1756–1763

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Persitz E, Oksenber JR, Margalioth EH, Hacohen S, Schenker J, Brautbar C(1985) Histocompatibility in couples with unexplained infertility. Fertil Steril 43:733–738

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson RDA, Tuck-Miller CM, Spinnato JA, Peevy K, Giattina K, Hoff C(1994) An HLA haplotype associated with preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation. Am J Reprod Immunol 31:177–179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potts WK, Manning CJ, Wakeland EK(1991) Mating patterns in seminatural populations of mice influenced by MHC genotype. Nature 352:619–621

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purandare AS, Smith DS, Wilson PJ(1993) HLA frequency, HLA sharing, and the management of recurrent miscarriage. Int J Fertil 38:219–224

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ratner LE, Hadley GA, Hanto DW, Mohanakumar T(1991) Immunology of renal allograft rejection. Arch Pathol Lab Med 115:283–287

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reznikoff-Etievant MF, Durieux I, Huchet J, Salmon C, Netter A(1988) Human MHC antigens and paternal leucocyte injections in recurrent spontaneous abortions. In:Beard RW, Sharp F(eds) Early pregnancy loss:mechanisms and treatments. Peacock, Ashton-under-Lyne, pp 375–384

    Google Scholar 

  • Roby KF, Fei K, Yang Y, Hunt JS(1994) Expression of HLA class II-associated peptide transporter and proteasome genes in human placentas and trophoblast cell lines. Immunology 83:444–448

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sargent IL, Wilkins T, Redman CWG(1988) Maternal immune responses to the fetus in early pregnancy and recurrent miscarriage. Lancet 2:109–1104

    Google Scholar 

  • Schacter B, Weitkamp LR, Johnson WE(1984) Parental HLA compatibility in parents of offspring with neural-tube defects:evidence for a T/t-like locus in humans. Am J Hum Genet 36:1082–1091

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt CM, Orr Ht(1993) Maternal/fetal interactions:the role of the MHC class I molecule HLA-G. Crit Rev. Immunol 13:207–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider K, Knutson, Tamsen L, Sjoberg O(1994) HLA antigen sharing in preeclampsia. Gynecol Obstet Invest 37:87–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shukla H, Swaroop A, Srivastava R, Weissman SM(1990) The mRNA of a human class I gene HLA G/ HLA 6.0 exhibits a restricted pattern of expression. Nucleic Acids Res 18:2189

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith JB, Cowchock FS(1988) Immunological studies in recurrent spontaneous abortion:effects of immunization of women with paternal mononuclear cells on lymphocytotoxic and mixed lymphocyte reaction blocking antibodies and correlation with sharing of HLA and pregnancy outcome. J Reprod Immunol 14:99–113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith JB, Cowchock FS, Hankinson B, Iftekhar A(1989) Association of HLA-DR5 with recurrent spontaneous abortion in women treated with paternal leukocytes. Arthritis Rheum 32:1572–1576

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sollinger Hw, Burlingham WJ, Sparks EM, Glass NR, Belzer FO(1984) Donor-specific transfusions in unrelated and related HLA-mismatched donor-recipient combinations. Transplantation 38:612–615

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spies T, Bresnaham M, Bahram S, Arnold D, Blanck G, Mellins E, Pious D, DeMars R(1990) A gene in the human major histocompatibility complex class II region controlling the class I antigen presentation pathway. Nature 348:744–747

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steck T, van der Ven K, Kwak J, Beer AE, Ober C(1995) HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 haplotypes in aborted fetuses and couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion. J Reprod Immunol 29:95–104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sunderland CA, Naiem M, Mason DY, Redman CWG, Stirrat GM(1981a) The expression of major histocompatibility antigens by human chorionic villi. J Reprod Immunol 3:323–331

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sunderland CA, Redman VWG, Stirrat GM(1981b) HLA-A, -B, -C antigens are expressed on nonvillous trophoblasts of the early human placenta. J Immunol 127:2614–2615

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tabaczewski P, Shirwan H, Lewis K, Stroynowski I(1994) Alternative splicing of class lb major histo compatibility complex transcripts in vivo leads to the expression of soluble Qa-2 molecules in murine blood. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:1883–1887

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takakuwa K, Kanazawa K, Takeuchi S(1986) Production of blocking antibodies by vaccination with husband’s lymphocytes in unexplained recurrent aborters:the role of successful pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol 10:1–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takamizawa M, Juji T, Tsuneyoshi H, Neida M, Fujii T, Kawana T, Mizuno M(1987) Recurrent spontaneous abortion and human leucocyte antigen DRw8. Am J Obstet Gynecol 157:514–515

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor CG, Faulk WP(1981) Prevention of recurrent abortions with leucocyte transfusions. Lancet 2:68–69

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor CG, Faulk WP, Mclntyre JA(1985) Prevention of recurrent spontaneous abortions by leukocyte tranfusions. J R Soc Med 78:623–627

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas ML, Harger JH, Wagener DK, Rabin BS, Gill TJ III(1985) HLA sharing and spontaneous abortion in humans. Am J Obstet Gynecol 151:1053–1058

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trowsdale J, Hanson I, Mockridge I, Beck S, Townsend A, Kelly A(1990) Sequences encoded in the MHC related to the ‘ABC’ superfamily of transporters. Nature 348:741–743

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uehara H(1991) Mouse Oct-3 maps between the tcl12 embryonic lethal gene and the Qa gene in the H-2 complex. Immunogenetics 34:266–269

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Unander AM, Olding LB(1983) Parental sharing of HLA antigens, absence of maternal blocking antibody, and suppression of maternal lymphocytes. Am J Reprod Immunol 4:171–178

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Ven K, Ober C(1994) HLA-G polymorphisms in African Americans. J Immunol 153:5628–5633

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Rood JJ, Claas FHJ(1990) The influence of allogeneic cells on the human T and B cell repertoire. Science 248:1388–1393

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Rood JJ, van Leeuwen A, Eernisse JG(1958) Leucocyte antibodies in sera from pregnant women. Nature 181:1735–1736

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanoli M, Fabio G, Bonara P, Eisera N, Pardi G, Acaia B, Scorza Smeraldi R(1985) Histocompatibility in Italian couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions of unknown origin and with normal fertility. Tissue Antigens 26:227–233

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward K, Edwin SS, Nelson L, Byrne JLB, Branch DW(1993) Analysis of parental human leukocyte antigen -G(HLA-G) in recurrent pregnancy loss. Soc Gynec Invest 129A

    Google Scholar 

  • Warner CM, Gollnick SO, Flaherty L, Goldbard SB(1987) Analysis of Qa-2 antigen expression by preimplantation mouse embryos:possible relationship to the preimplantation-embryo-development(PED) gene product. Biol Reprod 36:611–616

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weckstein LN, Patrizio P, Balmaceda JP, Asch RH, Branch DW(1991) Human leukocyte antigen compatibility and failure to achieve a viable pregnancy with assisted reproductive technology. Acta Eur Fertil 22:103–107

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yelavarthi K, Fishback JI, Hunt JA(1991) Analysis of HLA-G mRNA in human placental and extra-placental membrane cells by in situ hybridization. J Immunol 146:2847–2854

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeom YI, Abe K, Bennett D, Artzt K(1992) Testis-/embryo-expressed genes are clustered in the mouse H-2K region. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:773–777

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ober, C., van der Ven, K. (1997). Immunogenetics of Reproduction:An Overview. In: Olding, L.B. (eds) Reproductive Immunology. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 222. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60614-4_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60614-4_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64475-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60614-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics