Abstract
Xenotransplantation of pig tissues and organs into humans, or monkeys, is subjected to immunological incompatibilities greater than those encountered with rodent recipients. This is because of the ubiquitous presence of the natural anti-agalactosyl (anti-Gal) antibody in Old World monkeys, apes and humans versus the abundant production of the α-galactosyl epitope (i.e., Galα1–3Galß1–4GlcNAc-R) in nonprimate mammals. This carbohydrate epitope is the natural ligand for anti-Gal, and the binding of this natural antibody to the α-galactosyl epitope on the porcine cells results in the immune rejection of the xenograft [1]. Binding of anti-Gal IgM to porcine cells induces, in general, complement-mediated lysis of the cells [2–4]. Furthermore, in vivo neutralization of anti-Gal by melibiose (Galα1–6Glc) [5], or removal of serum anti-Gal by adsorption on an α-galactosyl epitope column [6], results in the elimination of hyperacute rejection.
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Galili, U. (1997). Anti-αgalactosyl (Anti-Gal) Antibody Damage Beyond Hyperacute Rejection. In: Cooper, D.K.C., Kemp, E., Platt, J.L., White, D.J.G. (eds) Xenotransplantation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60572-7_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60572-7_9
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