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Xenotransplantation pp 38–60Cite as

Role of Complement in Xenograft Rejection

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Abstract

The immediate fate of a xenograft is largely dependent on the species relationship of the donor-host combination, which can be concordant or discordant. In a concordant combination donor and host belong to closely related species and there is no hyperacute rejection (HAR) of the transplant [1]. The recipient does not have preformed antibodies against the endothelium of the donor organ; in addition, the vascular endothelium of the donor does not directly activate recipient complement. In contrast, in a discordant combination complement activation by preexisting antibodies in the recipient or by the vascular endothelium of the donor organ causes HAR of the xenograft [2]. Biologically active fragments and protein complexes derived from complement activate and damage the endothelial cells of the graft, and recruit and activate recipient blood cells, resulting in interstitial edema, hemorrhage, and thrombosis, which ultimately destroy the graft within minutes or a few hours of revascularization.

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  1. A. P. Dalmasso
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Immunologist (Surgery), Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02129, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    David K. C. Cooper M.A., M.D., Ph.D., M.S., F.R.C.S. (Associate Member, Scientific Staff) (Associate Member, Scientific Staff)

  2. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA

    David K. C. Cooper M.A., M.D., Ph.D., M.S., F.R.C.S. (Associate Member, Scientific Staff) (Associate Member, Scientific Staff)

  3. Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense, Denmark

    Ejvind Kemp M.D. (Professor and Head) (Professor and Head)

  4. Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA

    Jeffrey L. Platt M.D. (Joseph W. and Dorothy W. Beard Professor) (Joseph W. and Dorothy W. Beard Professor)

  5. Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB22QQ, UK

    David J. G. White M.A., Ph.D., M.R.C.Path (Immunologist and Lecturer, Director of Research and Development) (Immunologist and Lecturer, Director of Research and Development)

  6. Imutran Laboratories, Cambridge, UK

    David J. G. White M.A., Ph.D., M.R.C.Path (Immunologist and Lecturer, Director of Research and Development) (Immunologist and Lecturer, Director of Research and Development)

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Dalmasso, A.P. (1997). Role of Complement in Xenograft Rejection. In: Cooper, D.K.C., Kemp, E., Platt, J.L., White, D.J.G. (eds) Xenotransplantation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60572-7_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60572-7_6

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