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The Bulk Composition of First-Formed Petroleum in Source Rocks

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Petroleum and Basin Evolution

Abstract

Petroleum consists of an exceedingly complex mixture of hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons, extending from methane to macromolecular aggregates. The relative proportions of these components are quite variable and depend initially on the nature of the kerogen in the parent source rock and its level of maturity at the time of expulsion, and subsequently upon the pressure and temperature conditions of the source-carrier-reservoir system during expulsion, migration and accumulation. Under subsurface reservoir conditions the petroleum may be in a single vapour phase, in which case it is termed a gas accumulation, a single liquid phase, as exemplified by crude oils which are undersaturated with respect to gas, or a two-phase system comprised of a gas cap in equilibrium with an underlying crude oil accumulation. When produced at the surface, the petroleum changes from its sub-surface state as gaseous and liquid components segregate. For instance, the C1-C4 components that are dissolved in undersaturated petroleums under sub-surface conditions exsolve to give gas, while the major remaining liquid portion shrinks in volume and is termed crude oil. Similarly, as natural gases are produced dissolved C5+ components condense out as liquids or solids, giving rise to “condensate”.

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  1. Institut für Erdöl und Organische Geochemie (ICG-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany

    B. Horsfield

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    Dietrich H. Welte  & Brian Horsfield  & 

  2. Department of Geology and Geophysics, The Wiess School of Natural Sciences, Rice University, 77251, Houston, TX, USA

    Donald R. Baker

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Horsfield, B. (1997). The Bulk Composition of First-Formed Petroleum in Source Rocks. In: Welte, D.H., Horsfield, B., Baker, D.R. (eds) Petroleum and Basin Evolution. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60423-2_7

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