Abstract
Epithelia, epidermal or otherwise, that transport significant quantities of ions share a range of common characteristics. They include the presence of polarised surface cells, often with numerous mitochondria, a range of ion pumps and channels and a complex surface architecture. Almost universally research into functional morphology of epithelia concentrates on the cells themselves and rarely delves into the external space that borders the cell’s apical surface. This space is the surface’s micro-environment and the physical and chemical conditions that prevail within it can be described as its micro-climate.
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Shephard, K.L. (1997). Regulating the Micro-environment of Ion Transporting Epithelia: A Comparative Approach. In: Hazon, N., Eddy, F.B., Flik, G. (eds) Ionic Regulation in Animals: A Tribute to Professor W.T.W.Potts. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60415-7_3
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