Skip to main content

Abstract

Even under modern intensive care conditions surgical high-risk patients are endangered mainly by stress ulcer bleeding (SB) and nosocomial pneumonia (NP) [8, 13, 34]. Stress ulcer prophylaxis by elevation of the gastric pH is effective against upper gastrointestinal bleeding [6, 17, 35, 38]; on the other hand, a gastric pH over 3.5 with a potential consecutive contamination of stomach juice seems to play an important role in endogenous infections and NP [2, 14, 18]. Several studies show that in high-risk patients a prophylaxis is important [16, 28].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Abele-Horn M, Dauber A, Bauernfeind A, Russwurm W, Seyfarth-Metzger I, Gleich P, Ruck-deschel G: Decrease in nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients by selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD). Intensive Care Med 1997; 23: 187–195.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. American Thoracic Society: Hospital-aquired pneumonia in adults: diagnosis, assessment of severity, initial antimicrobial therapy and preventative strategies. A consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 153:1711–1725.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ben-Menachem T, McCarthy BD, Fogel R, Schiffman RM, Patel RV, Zarowitz BJ, Nerenz DR, Bresalier RS: Prophylaxis for stress-related gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a cost effectiveness analysis. Crit Care Med 1996; 24:338–353.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bert F, Lambert-Zechovsky N: Sinusitis in mechanically ventilated patients and its role in the pathogenesis of nosocomial pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996; 15:533–544.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bonten MJ, Gaillard CA, van der Geest S, van Tiel FH, Beysens AJ, Smeets HG, Stobberingh EE: The role of intragastric acidity and stress ulcus prophylaxis on colonization and infection in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. A stratified, randomized, double-blind study of sucralfate versus antacids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:1825–1834.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cannon LA, Heiselman D, Gardner W et al.: Prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in mechanical ventilated patients. A randomized study comparing the efficacy of sucralfate, Cimetidine and antacids. Arch Intern Med 1987; 147:2101–2106.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cook DJ: Stress ulcer prophylaxis: gastrointestinal bleeding and nosocomial pneumonia. Best evidence synthesis. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1995; 210:48–52.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cook DJ, Fuller HD, Guyatt GH et al.: Risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:377–381.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Cook DJ, Reeve BK, Guyatt GH, Heyland DK, Griffith LE, Buckingham L, Tryba M: Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients. Resolving discordant meta-analyses. J Am Med Assoc 1996; 275:308–314

    Google Scholar 

  10. Craven DE, Steger KA: Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated adult patients: epidemiology and prevention in 1996. Semin Respir Infect 1996; 11:32–53.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Daschner F, Kappstein I, Engels I: Antibakterielle Aktivität von Sucralfat in künstlichem Magensaft. Intensivmed 1987; 24:163–166.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Daschner F, Reuschenbach K, Pfisterer J, Kappstein I, Vogel W, Krieg N, Just H: The influence of stress ulcer prophylaxis on the incidence of pneumonia in artifically ventilated patients. Anaesthesist 1987; 36:9–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Driks M, Craven DE, Celli BR et al.: Nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients given sucralfate as compared with antacids or histamine type 2 blockers. The role of gastric colonization. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:1376–1382.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Du Moulin GC () Tracheobronchial colonisation. Klin Wochenschr 1991; 69 (Suppl 27):6–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Eddleston JM, Vohra A, Scott P et al.: A comparison of the frequency of stress ulceration and secondary pneumonia in sucralfate- or ranitidine-treated intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 1991; 19:1491–1496.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Eddleston JM, Pearson RC, Holland J, Tooth JA, Vohra A, Doran BH: Prospective endoscopic study of stress erosions and ulcers in critically ill adult patients treated with either sucralfate or placebo. Crit Care Med 1994; 22:1949–1954.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Fabian TC, Boucher BA, Croce MA et al.: Pneumonia and stress ulceration in severely injured patients: a prospective evaluation of the effects of stress ulcer prophylaxis. Arch Surg 1993; 128:185–192.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Guidelines for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1997; 46:1–79.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hauer T, Lacour M, Gastmeier P, Schulgen G, Schumacher M, Rüden H, Daschner F: Nosocomial infections intensive care units. A nation-wide prevalence study. Anaesthesist 1996; 45:1184–1191.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Jourdain B, Joly-GuiUou ML, Dombret MC, Calvat S, Trouillet JL, Gibert C, Chastre J: Usefulness of quantitative cultures of BAL fluid for diagnosing nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients. Chest 1997; 11:411–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Labattut AG, Santolalla PM, Andres AP de et al.: Efficacy of sucralfate in the prevention of upper gastrointestinal stress bleeding in intensive care patients: comparison versus a control group. Clin Intensive Care 1992; 3 (Suppl): 19–25.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Laggner AN, Tryba M, Georgopoulos A, Lenz K, Grimm G, Graninger W, Schneeweiss B, Druml W: Oropharyngeal decontamination with gentamicin for long-term ventilated patients on stress ulcer prophylaxis with sucralfate? Wien Klin Wochenschr 1994; 106:15–19.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Levy MJ, Seelig CB, Robinson NJ, Ranney JE: Comparison of omeprazole and ranitidine for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Dig Dis Sci 1997; 42:1255–1259.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lipchik RJ, Kuzo RS: Nosocomial pneumonia. Radiol Clin North Am 1996; 34:47–58.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Lorenz W, Fischer M, Rohde H et al.: Histamine and stress ulcer: new components in organizing a sequential trial on Cimetidine prophylaxis in seriously ill patients and definition of a special group at risk (severe polytrauma). Klin Wochenschr 1980; 58:653–665.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Mahul P, Auboyer C, Jospe R et al.: Prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients: respective role of mechanical subglottic secretions drainage and stress ulcer prophylaxis. Intensive Care Med 1992; 18:20–25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Maier RV, Mitchell D, Gentilello L: Optimal therapy for stress gastritis. Ann Surg 1994; 220:353–363.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Martin LF, Booth V, Karlstadt RG et al.: Continuous intravenous Cimetidine decreases stress-related upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage without promoting pneumonia. Crit Care Med 1993; 21:19–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Murray JF, Matthay MA, Luce JM et al.: An expanded definition of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 138:720–724.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Pickworth KK, Falcone RE, Hoogeboom JE, Santanello SA: Occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated trauma patients: a comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine [see comments]. Crit Care Med 1993; 2:1856–1862.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Prod’hom G, Leuenberger P, Koerfer J, Blum A, Chiolero R, Schaller MD, Perret C, Spinnler O, Blondel J, Siegrist H et al.: Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients receiving antacid, ranitidine, or sucralfate as prophylaxis for stress ulcer. A randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1994; 120:653–662.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Relio J, Ausina V, Ricart M et al.: Risk factors for infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 1994; 20:193–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Ryan P, Dawson J, Teres D: Nosocomial pneumonia during stress ulcer prophylaxis with Cimetidine and sucralfate. Arch Surg 1993; 128:1353–1357.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Schaberg T, Lode H: Diagnostik der nosokomialen Pneumonie. Dtsch Med Wschr 1997; 122:61–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Sirvent JM, Verdaguer R, Ferrer MJ, Avila FJ, Diaz Prieto A, Carratala J: Mechanical ventilation-associated pneumonia and the prevention of stress ulcer. A randomized clinical trial of antacids and ranitidine versus sucralfate. Med Clin Bare 1994; 102:407–411

    Google Scholar 

  36. Tarnawski A, Hollander D, Gergely H.: The mechanism of protective, therapeutic and prophylactic actions of sucralfate. Scand J Gastroenterol 1987; 22 (Suppl 140):7–13.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Thomason MH, Payseur ES, Hakenewerth AM, Norton HJ, Mehta B, Reeves TR, Moore-Swartz MW, Robbins PI: Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated trauma patients during stress ulcer prophylaxis with sucralfate, antacid, and ranitidine. J Trauma 1996; 41:503–508.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Tryba M: Sucralfate versus antacids or H2-antagonists for stress ulcer prophylaxis: a meta-analysis on efficacy and pneumonia rate. Crit Care Med 1991; 19:942–949.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Tryba M, Cook DJ: Gastric alkalinization, pneumonia, and systemic infections: the controversy. Scand J Gastroenterol 1995 (Suppl); 210:53–59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Veterans Administration Systemic Sepsis Cooperative Study Group: Effect of high-dose glucocorticoid therapy on mortality in patients with clinical signs of systemic sepsis. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:659–665.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Stöhr, G. et al. (1999). Pneumonia Prophylaxis Under Ulcer Therapy. In: Herbert, M.K., Holzer, P., Roewer, N. (eds) Problems of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Anesthesia, the Perioperative Period, and Intensive Care. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60200-9_38

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60200-9_38

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64301-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60200-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics