Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Biotechnology for Environmental Protection in the Pulp and Paper Industry pp 171–207Cite as

Purification of Process Water in Closed-Cycle Mills

  • Chapter

  • 352 Accesses

Abstract

Most of the pulp and paper mills are located near the major waterways and have access to a large, uninterrupted supply of water. After using the water for pulp and paper production, these mills discharge the used water into the waterways as waste. The paper industry is currently experiencing increasing regulatory pressure to reduce the volume and toxicity of its industrial wastewater. During the past few years, the concept of system closure has been gaining popularity in the forest products industry, mainly because of its potential to drastically reduce or even eliminate liquid discharges and the associated water-quality problems, to separate and recycle valuable resources, and to preserve energy that can be used to reduce cost of production and amortize capital costs. In addition to savings on chemicals and heat, it would also result in saving on capital and operating costs for effluent treatment, reduced use of freshwater, and the possibility of locating new mills independent of water supply or effluent recipient.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Rapson WH: The feasibility study of recovery of bleach plant effluent to eliminate water pollution by kraft mills. Pulp Pap. Mag. Can. 1967; 12: T635-T640.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Reeve DW, Rowlandson G, Kramer JD, Rapson HW: The closed-cycle bleached kraft pulp mill- 1978. Tappi J 1979; 62(8) 51–54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Gartz R et al.: The zero effluent mill. The 18th Intl. Mechanical Pulping Conference, Oslo 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Nurmiabo-Lassila E-L, Salkinoja-Salonen MS, et al: Electron microscopical analysis of biological slimes on paper and board machines. Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. no. 98: Chap. 16

    Google Scholar 

  5. Welkener U, Hassler T, McDermott M: The effect of furnish components on depositability of pitch and stickies. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res J 1993; 8: 223–225,232.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Springer AM, Dullforce JP, Wegner TH: The effects of closed white water system contaminants on strength properties of paper produced from secondary fiber. Tappi) 1985; 68(4) 78–82.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Young J: Meadow Lake enters third year of zero-effluent pulp production. Pulp Pap. 1994; March: 56–61.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ricketts JD: Considerations for the closed-cycle mill. Tappi J 1994; 77(11) 43–49.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Young J: Chetwynd pioneers innovations in zero-effluent pulp production. Pulp Pap. 1994; March: 73–75.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Klinker RT: Successful implementation of a zero discharge program. Tappi J 1996; 79(1) 97–102.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Coghill RS, Dahl S, Thurley D: Wastewater management at Australian Newsprint Mills Albury:responding to community expectations. Appita 1995; 48(1): 25–29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lagace P, Stuart PR, Kubes GJ: Development of a physical-chemical zero discharge process for a TMP-newsprint mill. Pulp Pap. Can. 1996; 97(11): T414–T419.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Dorica J, Ramamurthy P, Elliott A, Crotogino R, Vrooman W, Chatterjee A, Wong P: Mill studies on closure of the effluent cycle in a newsprint mill. In: Proceedings of Tappi Minimum Effluent Mill Symposium, Tappi Press, Atlanta, USA 1996: 217–227.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Wilson RW, Purdue R: Water and effluent management at Bowater Mersey. Pulp Pap. Can. 1996; 97(8): T273–T275.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Jantunen E, Lindholm G, Lindroos C-M, Paavola A, Parkkonen U, Pusa R, Soderstrom M: The effluent-free newsprint mill. Paperi Ja Puu-Paper and Timber 1992; 74(1) 41–44.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lindholm G, Jantunen E: Treatment and reuse of process water in pulp and paper industry, steps towards effluent free operation. In: Proceedings of Tappi Minimum Effluent Mill Symposium, Tappi Press, Atlanta, USA 1996: 195–208.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Elefsiniotis P, Hall ER, Johnson RM: Contaminant removal from recirculated white water by ultrafiltration and/or biological treatment. In: Proceedings of 1995 International Environmental Conference, Tappi Press, Atlanta, USA 1995: 861–867.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Schnell A, Dorica J, Ho C, Ashikawa M, Munnogh G, Hall ER: Anaerobic and aerobic pilotscale effluent detoxification studies at an integrated newsprint mill. Pulp Pap. Can. 1990; 91(9): T347–T352.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Tardif O, Hall ER: Membrane biological reactor treatment of recirculated newsprint whitewater. In: Proceedings of Tappi Minimum Effluent Mill Symposium, Tappi Press, Atlanta, USA 1996: 347–355.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sundberg A, Ekman R, Holmbom B, Sundberg K, Thornton J: Interactions between dissolved and colloidal substances and a cationic fixing agent in mechanical pulp suspensions. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 1^93; 8(1) 226–231.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Gaarder C, Englezos P: The use of clathrates for the concentration of mechanical pulp effluents. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 1995; 10(2) 110–114.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Sloan ED: Clathrate hydrates of natural gases. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Gerbasi B, Stuart PR, Arsenault F, Zaloum R: Techno-economic assessment of several closed cycle technology alternatives for an existing TMP-newsprint mill. Pulp Pap. Can. 1993; 94(12) 123–128.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hinswey NW: EPA’s proposed cluster rule: the end of end-of-pipe. Tappi J. 1994; 77(9) 65–74.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Anonymous: Mill closure has taken over the ECF vs. TCF debate. Pulp Pap. Can. 1996; 97(10) 11–15.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Johnson T, Gleadow P, Hastings C: Pulping technologies for the 21st century - a North American view. Part 4 Emerging technologies and mill closure. Appita 1996; 49(2) 76–82.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Albertsson V, Bergkvist S: Environmental protection techniques to be applied in a bleached kraft pulp mill in Sweden. Tappi J 1973; 56(12): 135–138.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Andersson KA: The non-polluting bleach plant. Tappi J 1997; 60(3) 95–96.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Lindberg S, Lund LB: The non-polluting bleach plant. Tappi J 1980; 63(3) 65–67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Dorica J, Wong A, Garner BC: Complete effluent recycling in the bleach plant with ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. Tappi J 1986; 69(5) 122–125.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Rapson HW, Reeve DW: The effluent free bleached kraft pulp mill: the present state of development. Tappi J 1973; 56(9): 112–115.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Reeve DW, Rowlandson G, Rapson WH: The effluent free bleached kraft mill Part VIII Bleach plant rennovation and design. Pulp Paper Can. 1997; 78(3): T27–33.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Reeve DW, Pryke DC, Lukes JA, Donavan DA, Valiquette G, Yemchuk EM: Chemical recovery in the closed cycle mill, Part I. Pulp Pap. Can. 1983; 84(1): T25-T29.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Reeve DW, Tran HN, Braham D: The effluent free bleached kraft mill. Part XI Morphology, chemical and thermal properties of recovery boiler superheater fire side deposits. Pulp Pap. Can. 1981; 82(9): T315–T320.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Reeve DW, Rapson WH: Recovery of sodium chloride from bleached kraft pulp mills. Pulp Pap. Mag. Can. 1970; 71(13): T274–280.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Gilbert AF, Rapson WH: Accumulation of potassium in a closed cycle mill. Pulp Pap. Can 1980; 81(2): T43–T47.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Reeve DW: The effluent-free bleached kraft mill Part XIII. The second fifteen years of development. Pulp Pap. Can. 1984; 85(2): T27–T30.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Maple GE, Ambady R, Caron JR, Stralton SC, Vega Canovas RE: BFR™-A new process toward bleach plant closure. Tappi J 1994; 77(11) 71–80.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Mannisto H, Mannisto E, Winter P: Technical and economic implications of converting bleached-kraft mills to low-effluent operation. Tappi J 1995; 78(1) 65–73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Brooks TR, Edwards LL, Nepote JC, Caldwell MR: Bleach plant closeup and conversion to TCF: a case study using mill data and computer simulation. Tappi J 1994; 77(11) 83–92.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Prasad B, Kirkman A, Jameel H, Gratzl J, Magnotta V: Mill closure with high-kappa pulping and extended oxygen delignification. Tappi J 1996; 79(9): 144–152.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Shenassa R, Reeve DW, Dick PD, Costa ML: Chloride and potassium control in closed kraft mill liquor cycles. Pulp Pap. Can. 1996; 97(5): T173–179.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Covey GH, Nguyen KL: Chloride management in a closed ECF bleach plant. Appita 1996; 49(5) 332–336.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. de Pinho MN, Geraldes V, Rosa MJ, Afonso D, Figueira H, Taborda F, Ganho R, Gaeta S, Creusen R, Hanemaaijer J, Amblard P, Gavach C, Guisard C: Water recovery from bleached pulp effluents. 1995 International Environmental Conference Proceedings, 883–892.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Kenny R, Yampolsky M, Goncharov A: An overview of a Russian zero discharge unbleached kraft pulp and paper mill-Selenga Pulp & Paper Company. Pulp Pap. Can. 1995; 96(5): T155–T157.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Saunamaki R: Treatability of wastewaters from totally chlorine-free bleaching Tappi J 1995; 78(8) 185–192.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Kenny R, Naumov A, Babinskiy GA, Yampolsky MD, Volsky O, Goncharov A: Experience with tertiary effluent treatment in three Russian mills. Tappi J 1995; 78(3) 191–196.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Barton DA, Buckley DB, Lee JW, Jett SW: Biotreatment of kraft mill condensates for reuse. In: Proceedings of Tappi Minimum Effluent Mill Symposium, Tappi Press, Atlanta, USA 1996: 277–289.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Nimmerfroh N, Suss HU, Bottcher HP, Luttgen W, Geisenheiner A: The German approach to the closed cycle sulphite mill development and implementation. Pulp Pap. Can. 1995; 96(12): T414–420.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Vendries E, Pfromm PH: Influence of closure on the white water dissolved solids and the physical properties of recycled linerboard. Tappi J. 1998; 81(9) 206–213.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Tyler MA, Stuart PR: Zero-discharge pulp and paper mills: the inevitable solution. Presented at the 80th CPPA Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada, January, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Macleod M: Mill achieves maximum reuse of water with reverse osmosis. Pulp Pap 1974; 48(11) 62–66.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Young J: Green Bay packaging begins third year with closed water system. Pulp Pap 1994; 68(11) 105–111.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Evans J:-Century-old board mill operates with zero effluent discharge. Pulp Pap 1981; 55(17) 98–103.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Anon: Development document for proposed effluent limitations, guidelines and standards for the pulp, paper and paperboard point source standard, US EPA-821-R-93-014, p610, October 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Bowen W, Scogin R, Cobery J: Implementing municipal water reuse in a liner paper mill. Proceedings 1994 Int Environ. Conf. Portland OR April 1994; p.23–28.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Ramamurthy P, Dorica J, Rollin Y: Reduction in effluent discharge from recycled paperboard mills. In: Proc. Tappi Minimum Effluent mill Symp. Tappi Press, Atlanta, USA 1996; 335–340.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Rousseau S, Doiron B: Zero Process effluent discharge attained at St.-Laurent Paperboard Inc., Matane, Quebec. Pulp Pap. Can. 1996; 97(9): T302–T305. -

    Google Scholar 

  59. Stuart P, Lagace P: Review of process modifications for implementation of zero discharge at recycled fiber board mills. In: Proc. Tappi Minimum Effluent mill Symp. Tappi Press, Atlanta, USA 1996; 327–333.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Barton DA, Stuart PR, Lagace P, Miner R: Experience with water system closure at recycled paperboard mills. Tappi J. 1995; 79(3) 191–197.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Jasmin G: Operating experience of the joint Scott Paper and Crabtee municipality effluent treatment system. Pulp Pap. Can. 1996; 97(2): T71–73.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Division, Thapar Corporate Research & Development Centre, PO Box 68, 147001, Patiala, India

    Dr. Pratima Bajpai & Dr. Pramod K. Bajpai

  2. Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, 812-8581, Fukuoka, Japan

    Prof. Dr. Ryuichiro Kondo

Authors
  1. Dr. Pratima Bajpai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dr. Pramod K. Bajpai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Prof. Dr. Ryuichiro Kondo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bajpai, P., Bajpai, P.K., Kondo, R. (1999). Purification of Process Water in Closed-Cycle Mills. In: Biotechnology for Environmental Protection in the Pulp and Paper Industry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60136-1_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60136-1_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64271-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60136-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation