Abstract
Indonesia is an archipelago country with 17085 islands and has more than 81000 km of coastline (Table 12.1). Coastal resources in Indonesia are used by the local communities for obtaining food, fodder, fuel wood, shelter and a variety of other services. With high biological diversity and endemism, coastal zones are used as repositories for the effluent of industrial processes and domestic wastes and also as prime sites for reclamation to create land for industry, agriculture and settlement. In areas such as Java, expansion of large cities disturb the coastal zone. The Indonesia’s population is increasing at an alarming rate and will be 215 million in 2000 and so demographic pressures are pronounced more in Indonesia. About 64% of Indonesian people live in and around the coastal areas.
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Sukardjo, S. (1999). Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Indonesia. In: Salomons, W., Turner, R.K., de Lacerda, L.D., Ramachandran, S. (eds) Perspectives on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60103-3_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60103-3_13
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